Uncovering the mosaic evolution of the carnivoran skeletal system DOI Creative Commons
Chris J. Law, Leslea J. Hlusko, Z. Jack Tseng

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Abstract The diversity of vertebrate skeletons is often attributed to adaptations distinct ecological factors such as diet, locomotion, and sensory environment. Although the adaptive evolution skull, appendicular skeleton, vertebral column well studied in vertebrates, comprehensive investigations all skeletal components simultaneously are rarely performed. Consequently, we know little how modes differ among components. Here, tested if phylogenetic effects led cranial, appendicular, regions extant carnivoran skeletons. Using multivariate evolutionary models, found mosaic which only mandible, hindlimb, posterior (i.e., last thoracic lumbar) vertebrae showed evidence adaptation towards regimes whereas remaining reflect clade-specific shifts. We hypothesize that decoupled individual may have origination zones morphologies families hierarchies. Overall, our work highlights importance examining multiple ecomorphological analyses. Ongoing integrating fossil paleoenvironmental record will further clarify deep-time drivers govern see today reveal complexity processes multicomponent systems.

Language: Английский

Uncovering the mosaic evolution of the carnivoran skeletal system DOI Creative Commons
Chris J. Law, Leslea J. Hlusko, Z. Jack Tseng

et al.

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The diversity of vertebrate skeletons is often attributed to adaptations distinct ecological factors such as diet, locomotion, and sensory environment. Although the adaptive evolution skull, appendicular skeleton, vertebral column well studied in vertebrates, comprehensive investigations all skeletal components simultaneously are rarely performed. Consequently, we know little how modes differ among components. Here, tested if phylogenetic effects led cranial, regions extant carnivoran skeletons. Using multivariate evolutionary models, found mosaic which only mandible, hindlimb posterior (i.e. last thoracic lumbar) vertebrae showed evidence adaptation towards regimes whereas remaining reflect clade-specific shifts. We hypothesize that decoupled individual may have origination zones morphologies families hierarchies. Overall, our work highlights importance examining multiple ecomorphological analyses. Ongoing integrating fossil palaeoenvironmental record will further clarify deep-time drivers govern see today reveal complexity processes multicomponent systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Size And Locomotor Ecology Have Differing Effects on the External and Internal Morphologies of Squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Limb Bones DOI Creative Commons
John M. Rickman, Abigail E. Burtner,

Tate J. Linden

et al.

Integrative Organismal Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Synopsis Mammals exhibit a diverse range of limb morphologies that are associated with different locomotor ecologies and structural mechanics. Much remains to be investigated, however, about the combined effects modes scaling on external shape properties bones. Here, we used squirrels (Sciuridae) as model clade examine mode structure two major bones, humerus femur. We quantified humeral femoral using 3D geometric morphometrics bone analyses sample 76 squirrel species across their four ecotypes. then phylogenetic generalized linear models test how ecology, size, interaction influenced morphological traits. found size relationships these differ between External shapes and, lesser extent, femur best explained by ecology rather than whereas structures both bones interactions scaling. Interestingly, statistical ecotype were lost when accounting for among under Brownian motion. That assuming motion confounded is not surprising considering ecotypes phylogenetically clustered; our results suggest variation partitioned early clades ecomorphologies maintained present. Overall, show mechanical constraints, evolutionary history may enact pressures in mammals.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Functional traits and phylogeny predict vertical foraging in terrestrial mammals and birds DOI Creative Commons
Patrick Jantz, Andrew J. Abraham, Brett R. Scheffers

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2024

Abstract Earth’s ecosystems are characterized by numerous gradients related to the distribution of environmental conditions and resources. Niche theory predicts that animals will evolve traits exploit changing resource availability across these gradients. Much work has been done examining how animal like body mass diet change from regional global scales. Environmental in vertical dimension tend exhibit strong changes over relatively short distances due influence elevation vegetation. Vegetation structure may be an especially important axis as it contributes micro- climate, food resources, predation risk. To investigate interrelationships between niche its presumed drivers, we use functional traits, phylogenies, risk predict foraging for 4,828 mammals 9,437 birds globally. provide biogeographic context predictive analysis, species ranges map geographic distributions relationships drivers. Linking trait databases with range maps revealed distinct niches birds. The most predictors varied taxon but there were several systematic relationships. Diet, mass, phylogeny mammal bird species. Percent fruit exhibited progressively more positive higher canopy positions. Predation pressure was unimportant predicting displayed a trend arboreal foraging. Geographic hotspots importance both diets included Andes-Amazon transition zone, Amazon Basin, New Guinea. Our results support driven partitioning also reveal strongly associated phylogeny, suggesting conservatism families. patterns variable values suggest multiple mechanisms behind spatial eco- evolutionary relationships, including latitudinal vegetation composition, historical island isolation (in Southeast Asia), habitat heterogeneity tectonic processes South America).

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Gliding toward an understanding of the origin of flight in bats DOI Creative Commons
Abigail E. Burtner, David M. Grossnickle, Sharlene E. Santana

et al.

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e17824 - e17824

Published: July 25, 2024

Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight and have correspondingly specialized body plans, particularly in their limb morphology. The origin bat is still not fully understood due to an uninformative fossil record but, from perspective a functional transition, it widely hypothesized that bats evolved gliding ancestors. Here, we test predictions gliding-to-flying hypothesis by using phylogenetic comparative methods model evolution forelimb hindlimb traits on dataset spanning four extinct 231 extant with diverse locomotor modes. Our results reveal gliders exhibit adaptive trait optima (1) toward relatively elongate forelimbs intermediate between those non-gliding arborealists, (2) narrower but longer hindlimbs non-gliders bats. We propose landscape based length width optimal trends derived our modeling analyses. support hypothetical evolutionary pathway wherein glider-like postcranial morphology precedes bat-like adapted powered-flight, setting foundation for future developmental, biomechanical, research this idea.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Gliding towards an understanding of the origin of flight in bats DOI Creative Commons
Abigail E. Burtner, David M. Grossnickle, Sharlene E. Santana

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Abstract Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight and have correspondingly specialized body plans, particularly in their limb morphology. The origin bat is still not fully understood due to an uninformative fossil record but, from perspective a functional transition, it widely hypothesized that bats evolved gliding ancestors. Here, we test predictions gliding-to-flying hypothesis by using phylogenetic comparative methods model evolution forelimb hindlimb traits on dataset spanning four extinct 231 extant with diverse locomotor modes. Our results reveal gliders exhibit adaptive trait optima (1) toward relatively elongate forelimbs intermediate between those non-gliding arborealists, (2) narrower but longer hindlimbs non-gliders bats. We propose hypothetical landscape based length width optimal trends derived our modeling analyses. support evolutionary pathway wherein glider-like postcranial morphology precedes bat-like adapted powered-flight, setting foundation for future developmental, biomechanical, research this idea.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Size and locomotor ecology have differing effects on the external and internal morphologies of squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae) limb bones DOI Creative Commons

Johannah Rickman,

Abigail E. Burtner,

Tate J. Linden

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Abstract Mammals exhibit a diverse range of limb morphologies that are associated with different locomotor ecologies and structural mechanics. Much remains to be investigated, however, about the combined effects modes scaling on external shape properties bones. Here, we used squirrels (Sciuridae) as model clade examine mode structure two major bones, humerus femur. We quantified humeral femoral using 3D geometric morphometrics bone analyses sample 76 squirrel species across their four ecotypes. then phylogenetic generalized linear models test how ecology, size, interaction influenced morphological traits. found size relationships these differ between External shapes and, lesser extent, femur best explained by ecology rather than whereas structures both bones interactions scaling. Interestingly, statistical ecotype were lost when accounting for among under Brownian motion. That assuming motion confounded is not surprising considering ecotypes phylogenetically clustered; our results suggest variation partitioned early clades ecomorphologies maintained present. Overall, show mechanical constraints, evolutionary history may enact pressures in mammals.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Uncovering the mosaic evolution of the carnivoran skeletal system DOI Creative Commons
Chris J. Law, Leslea J. Hlusko, Z. Jack Tseng

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Abstract The diversity of vertebrate skeletons is often attributed to adaptations distinct ecological factors such as diet, locomotion, and sensory environment. Although the adaptive evolution skull, appendicular skeleton, vertebral column well studied in vertebrates, comprehensive investigations all skeletal components simultaneously are rarely performed. Consequently, we know little how modes differ among components. Here, tested if phylogenetic effects led cranial, appendicular, regions extant carnivoran skeletons. Using multivariate evolutionary models, found mosaic which only mandible, hindlimb, posterior (i.e., last thoracic lumbar) vertebrae showed evidence adaptation towards regimes whereas remaining reflect clade-specific shifts. We hypothesize that decoupled individual may have origination zones morphologies families hierarchies. Overall, our work highlights importance examining multiple ecomorphological analyses. Ongoing integrating fossil paleoenvironmental record will further clarify deep-time drivers govern see today reveal complexity processes multicomponent systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

1