Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6, P. e5565 - e5565

Published: Jan. 4, 2019

The largest published phylogenetic analysis of early limbed vertebrates (Ruta M, Coates MI. 2007.

Language: Английский

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Middle Jurassic fossils document an early stage in salamander evolution

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(30)

Published: July 11, 2022

Salamanders are an important group of living amphibians and model organisms for understanding locomotion, development, regeneration, feeding, toxicity in tetrapods. However, their origin early radiation remain poorly understood, with fossil stem-salamanders so far represented by larval or incompletely known taxa. This poor record also limits the Lissamphibia (i.e., frogs, salamanders, caecilians). We report fossils from Middle Jurassic Scotland representing almost entire skeleton enigmatic stem-salamander Marmorerpeton. use computed tomography to visualize high-resolution three-dimensional anatomy, describing morphologies that were characterized including braincase, scapulocoracoid, lower jaw. these data context a phylogenetic analysis intended resolve relationships stem-salamanders, representation outgroups alongside imaging extant species. Marmorerpeton is united Karaurus, Kokartus, others Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Asia, providing evidence robustly built neotenous stem-salamanders. These taxa display morphological specializations similar cryptobranchid "giant" salamanders. Our demonstrates stem-group affinities larger sample species than previously recognized, highlighting unappreciated diversity cautioning against single (e.g., Karaurus) as exemplars anatomy. findings, combined knowledge near-complete skeletal anatomy Mamorerpeton, advance our evolutionary changes on salamander stem-lineage provide salamanders origins Batrachia Lissamphibia.

Language: Английский

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A chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic framework for the Yanliao Biota of northeastern China: Implications for Jurassic terrestrial ecosystems and evolution

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 630, P. 111818 - 111818

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Osteology of Batrachuperus yenyuanensis (Urodela, Hynobiidae), a high-altitude mountain stream salamander from western China

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. e0211069 - e0211069

Published: Jan. 25, 2019

Batrachuperus yenyuanensis, commonly known as Yenyuan Stream Salamander, is a hynobiid species inhabiting high-altitude (2440–4025 m above sea level) mountain stream and pond environments along the eastern fringe of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in western Sichuan Province, China. Although has been for almost 70 years since its initial discovery 1950, thorough osteological description never provided. Our study provides detailed account bony anatomy this species, based on micro computed tomography scanning multiple specimens collected from type locality Shuangertang at Bailinshan, Yanyuan County, several other localities Province. revised diagnosis utilizes both soft anatomical features. Comparative area with those nearby Xichang Mianning areas confirms that they all pertain to thereby removing doubt occurrence latter areas. With confirmation, distribution extended northwards some 180 km area, west east sides Yalong River, which major tributary upper Yangtze River. This pattern indicates biogeographic origin historical evolution are closely associated orogeny Hengduan Mountains formation Given basalmost position yenyuanensis relation congeneric molecular studies, however, early expansion by dispersal expected following genus early–middle Miocene Thus, may well have achieved current before drastic uplift Pliocene.

Language: Английский

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Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders

iScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 102744 - 102744

Published: June 17, 2021

The Hynobiidae are an early-diverging clade of crown-group salamanders (urodeles) with important bearing on the evolution urodeles. Paleobiology and early-branching patterns remain unclear owing to a poorly documented fossil record. We reported newly referred specimen stem hynobiid, originally named as "Liaoxitriton daohugouensis," but here Neimengtriton daohugouensis comb. nov., predates previously estimated origination time for at least 8 Myr. interpret N. semiaquatic adult stage, unknown paleoecological preference among Mesozoic salamanders. Phenotypic variations enlighten unrecognized association between caudosacral vertebrae fertilization modes in early Our cladistic analyses based morphological characters not only recognize several hynobiids establish Panhynobia nomen cladinovum total-group also shed light sequential features this primitive urodele clade.

Language: Английский

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Osteology ofBatrachuperus londongensis(Urodela, Hynobiidae): study of bony anatomy of a facultatively neotenic salamander from Mount Emei, Sichuan Province, China

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6, P. e4517 - e4517

Published: March 28, 2018

The Longdong Stream Salamander Batrachuperus londongensis, living in a mountain stream environment at Mt. Emei Sichuan Province, China, represents rare species that is facultatively neotenic the family Hynobiidae. Although has been known to science for some 40 years since its initial discovery late 1970s, anatomical details of osteology remain poorly understood and developmental information still lacking species. This study (1) provides detailed osteological account B. londongensis based on micro-CT scanning clearing staining multiple specimens from type locality; (2) discussion intraspecific variation related life-history differences; (3) presents limb features morphological evolution patterns correlative with ecological adaptation environments. Osteological comparisons congeneric led recognition several diagnostic are unique including: vomers widely separated one another, midline contact; presence uncommon perichondral ossification ascending process palatoquadrate as part suspensorium; prominent posterodorsal scapular blade, which serves ligamentous insertion levator muscle scapula. In addition, but not all individuals retain palatine discrete element, indicative delayed absorption after sexual maturity. Postmetamorphic strikingly different complexity hyobranchial structures. Neotenes display high degree elements, tend increase both hypobranchial I ceratobranchial during aging, fully ossified III IV; contrast, these elements entirely cartilaginous or totally lost by resorption postmetamorphic individuals. forms an inverted "T"-shaped basibranchial II, whereas neotenes show transformation "fork"-shaped configuration displays mosaic apomorphic plesiomorphic states ossifications: single centrale element manus pes derived condition Hynobiidae other families well, retention postminimus obviously within Urodela. Reduction number digits five four possession cornified sheath covering terminal phalanges also shared salamanders adapted similar environment.

Language: Английский

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A new stem hynobiid salamander (Urodela, Cryptobranchoidea) from the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) of Liaoning Province, China

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. e1588285 - e1588285

Published: March 4, 2019

Hynobiids are a group of small- to moderate-sized salamanders living primarily in Asia. They primitive crown-group clade, with poor fossil record. Several hynobiid-like taxa have been discovered from the Lower Cretaceous strata northern China during last 20 years, Liaoxitriton zhongjiani and Nuominerpeton aquilonaris identified as oldest known stem hynobiids. However, record pre-Cretaceous is only by daohugouensis, which both morphology congeneric status L. remain problematic. Here, we report on new salamander, Linglongtriton daxishanensis, gen. et sp. nov., basis two specimens Upper Jurassic Lanqi/Tiaojishan Formation (∼160 Ma) Liaoning Province, China. diagnosed unique combination features revealed observation under microscope micro-computed tomography (μCT) scan holotype, including nasals separated each other at midline; prootic, opisthotic, exoccipital retained discrete elements; dentary lateral groove; articular not ossified; metacarpal III enlarged; single centrale; distal tarsals 4 5 fused into element. Phylogenetic analysis several taxa, hynobiids, thereby extending temporal range least 40 Ma—from Early (Aptian–Barremian) Middle (Bathonian). Comparative study hynobiids sheds lights evolution developmental mechanisms characters, nasal separation tarsal elements.

Language: Английский

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The exceptionally preserved Early Cretaceous “Moqi Fauna” from eastern Inner Mongolia, China, and its age relationship with the Jehol Biota

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 589, P. 110824 - 110824

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

New fossil-bearing horizons at the Gezidong and Jiaxikou localities, eastern Inner Mongolia, referred to as Moqi fossil bed, yield a diverse assemblage coined herein "Moqi Fauna". The Fauna provides important insights into evolution of some vertebrate clades, such frogs salamanders, their Early Cretaceous diversification. In this paper, we report an improved chronology bed based on SIMS high-precision CA-ID-IRMS U-Pb zircon analyses three tuff samples from that are interstratified with layer two localities. dating method applied zircons gave dates 117.8 ± 0.9/1.5 Ma, 117.7 1.0/1.5 118.3 1.2/1.7 respectively. Two weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of, 119.20 0.38/0.38/0.72 Ma 118.67 0.13/0.14/0.28 were also obtained. These findings indicate age is ca. Ma. Comparison well-known Jehol Biota, well Fuxin Biota slightly younger age, suggests was distinct fauna which shows potential link Biota.

Language: Английский

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A new advanced ornithuromorph bird from Inner Mongolia documents the northernmost geographic distribution of the Jehol paleornithofauna in China

Historical Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 1705 - 1717

Published: Feb. 28, 2020

We describe a new taxon of advanced ornithuromorph bird, Khinganornis hulunbuirensis gen. et sp. nov., from the previously unreported Pigeon Hill locality Lower Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in northern Greater Khingan Range area Inner Mongolia, China. A cladistics analysis resolves K. as sister group clade formed by Changzuiornis and Iteravis among ornithuromorphs. The osteohistological indicates that is first maintained an uninterrupted growth during longer period characterised slow deposition low-vascularised terminal avascular bone tissue. relatively long hindlimbs elongate pedal digits with proximal phalanges suggest wading amphibious ecology for bird. discovery represents occurrence Jehol birds documents northernmost known geographic distribution celebrated avifauna record implies more extended palaeogeographic range early diversification Mesozoic on eastern side Laurasia.

Language: Английский

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Revision of Chunerpeton tianyiense (Lissamphibia, Caudata): Is it a cryptobranchid salamander?

Palaeoworld, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 708 - 723

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Lacustrine deposits of Juro-Cretaceous age in northeastern China have yielded some the best-preserved fossils early crown salamanders. One those taxa, Chunerpeton tianyiense, has been considered as a or stem member family Cryptobranchidae, significant for implying long evolutionary history cryptobranchids and calibrating molecular clock Caudata evolution. Building on most recent large-scale phylogenetic analysis relationships among fossil salamanders utilizing new specimens Chunerpeton, we update osteological description diagnosis reconsider its relationships. On basis recently collected skeletons from type locality at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, available literature, taxon-character matrix run analyses with constraints families using backbone. We redescribe osteology revise identify characters including large anterodorsal fenestra bordered by paired premaxillae, nasals, frontals; nasals separate wider than frontal; contact between nasal prefrontal present; lacrimal pterygoid parasphenoid absent. Osteological comparisons living reveal suite distinct differences snout shape configurations, positions, contacts certain skull bones. Our consistently place outside Cryptobranchidae Exclusion will require reconsideration origin time recalibration whole caudatan tree.

Language: Английский

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