Fourteen New, Endemic Species of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) from Sulawesi Reveal a Spectacular Island Radiation

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 454(1)

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

After nearly a decade of field inventories in which we preserved voucher specimens the small terrestrial mammals Sulawesi, combined qualitative and quantitative analyses morphological traits with molecular phylogenetics to better understand diversity shrews (Soricidae: Crocidura) on island. We examined morphology 1368 obtained extensive data from many them, including mitochondrial DNA sequences 851 specimens, up five nuclear exons 657 thousands ultraconserved elements 90 specimens. By iteratively testing species limits using distinct character datasets appropriate taxon sampling, found clear, mostly consistent evidence for existence 21 only seven were previously recognized. divide these into morphogroups, provide emended diagnoses named species, describe 14 new species. The Long-Tailed Group contains Crocidura caudipilosa, C. elongata, microelongata, quasielongata, species; Rhoditis rhoditis, pseudorhoditis, australis, pallida, Small-Bodied lea, levicula, baletei, mediocris, parva, tenebrosa, Thick-Tailed brevicauda, caudicrassa, Ordinary musseri, nigripes, normalis, ordinaria, solita, Documenting endemic reveals local radiation (20 are members an clade) elevational gradients played prominent role either promoting speciation, or at minimum, fostering cooccurrence phenotypically similar As now understood, species-level Sulawesi is three times known any other insular shrew fauna. This study highlights fact that if wish true extent biodiversity Earth, large-scale, vouchered organismal followed thorough examinations genetic, morphological, geographic sorely needed montane tropical regions, even purportedly well-studied groups such as mammals.

Language: Английский

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Commensal Rats and Humans: Integrating Rodent Phylogeography and Zooarchaeology to Highlight Connections between Human Societies

BioEssays, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 42(5)

Published: March 16, 2020

Abstract Phylogeography and zooarchaeology are largely separate disciplines, yet each interrogates relationships between humans commensal species. Knowledge gained about human history from studies of four rats ( Rattus rattus, R. tanezumi, exulans , norvegicus ) is outlined, open questions their spread alongside identified. Limitations phylogeographic zooarchaeological highlighted, then how integration would increase understanding species’ demographic histories resultant inferences societies discussed. How rat expansions have informed the migration, urban settlements, trade networks, intra‐ interspecific competition reviewed. Since species associated with different societies, they identify unique ecological historical/cultural conditions that influenced expansion. Finally, priority research areas including nuclear genome based phylogeographies identified using archaeological evidence to understand expansion across China, multi‐wave colonization rattus Europe, .

Language: Английский

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Patterns and Predictors of Small Mammal Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity in Contrasting Elevational Gradients in Kenya

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Mountains of the Afrotropics are global biodiversity hotspots and centers speciation endemism; however, very few studies have focused on phylogenetic functional dimensions Afromontane small mammals. We investigated patterns mechanisms mammal diversity assembly along elevational gradients in Mount Kenya, second highest mountain Africa, a contrasting low range, Chyulu Hills. sampled 24 200-m interval transects both sites; 18 Mt. Kenya (9 each windward side, Chogoria, leeward Sirimon) 6 Chyulu. extracted mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene to reconstruct time-calibrated species tree for estimating indices [phylogenetic richness (PD), mean nearest taxon distance (PD MNTD ), index NTI )]. A trait data set was compiled from field-recorded measurements published sets [functional (FD), (FD Several environmental variables representing water-energy availability, primary habitat productivity, topographic heterogeneity were used estimate predictive power abiotic conditions variances using generalized linear additive regression models. The PD FD peaked around mid-elevations unimodally increased or decreased Chogoria Sirimon, monotonically divergence community structure indices—PD , —were relatively weakly associated with elevation. Overall, tendency assemblages be phylogenetically functionally closely related than expected by chance elevation but Across indices, annual precipitation ruggedness strongest predictors evapotranspiration temperature seasonality Chyulu, while terrain overlapped as Sirimon addition latter normalized difference vegetation former. observed trends distribution between integral sustainable management high faunal tropical ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Semi‐quantitative metabarcoding reveals how climate shapes arthropod community assembly along elevation gradients on Hawaii Island

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(5), P. 1416 - 1429

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Spatial variation in climatic conditions along elevation gradients provides an important backdrop by which communities assemble and diversify. Lowland habitats tend to be connected through time, whereas highlands can continuously or periodically isolated, that have been hypothesized promote high levels of species endemism. This tendency is expected accentuated among taxa show niche conservatism within a given envelope. While distribution modeling approaches allowed extensive exploration target taxa, broad understanding the phenomenon requires sampling entire communities. Species-rich groups such as arthropods are ideal case studies for ecological biodiversity dynamics elevational their functional role many ecosystems, but community-level limited due tremendous diversity. Here, we develop novel semi-quantitative metabarcoding approach combines specimen counts size-sorting characterize arthropod diversity patterns transects on two different volcanoes island Hawai'i. We found between became increasingly distinct compositionally at higher elevations. Resistance surface suggest differences localities driver shaping beta-diversity patterns, though relative importance climate varies across taxonomic groups. Nevertheless, position OTUs was highly correlated, suggesting filters shape colonization adjacent volcanoes. Taken together, our results highlight factor assembly topographic complexity diversification.

Language: Английский

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Elevational diversity patterns of rodents differ between wet and arid mountains

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 1726 - 1740

Published: May 30, 2022

Abstract Aim Patterns of species richness along elevation gradients vary with geographic and environmental factors but evidence for similar variation in functional phylogenetic diversity remains scarce. Here, we provide the most comprehensive evaluation to date elevational taxonomic, functional, rodents – one ecologically diverse groups mammals test effects latitude aridity on their first time. Location Forty‐nine mountains five continents. Time period Contemporary. Major taxa studied Rodents (Rodentia). Methods We compiled distributions 374 rodent across 49 gradients. For each gradient, quantified 100‐m bins richness, evenness, dispersion, richness‐corrected equivalents. To assess how varies elevation, fitted a series models that included average latitude, mountain system while accounting study design sampling effort. Results A common mid‐elevational peak among contrasts pattern (model shape slope) explained by at mountain's base. Specifically, find dispersion decline wet systems increase arid mountains. Main conclusions In this comparative analysis mammal gradients, decoupling from is particularly pronounced regions. Wet‐mountain lowlands arid‐mountain highlands harbour functionally phylogenetically communities, indicating water availability strong filter structuring small High regularity distances within assemblages supports constant role competition all elevations niche expansion greater richness.

Language: Английский

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An integrative taxonomic revision of lesser gymnures (Eulipotyphla: Hylomys) reveals five new species and emerging patterns of local endemism in Tropical East Asia

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 202(2)

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Abstract We here present a comprehensive integrative taxonomic review of the genus Hylomys, using molecular (mitochondrial genomes and up to five nuclear loci) morphological data from museum specimens across its distribution, resulting in description two new species elevation three subspecies specific status. This revision significantly increases known diversity Hylomys seven extant species, challenging traditional view species-level within gymnures. discuss implications findings for conservation, particularly relation restricted distribution ranges several that may be threatened by habitat loss and/or climate change. Our research emphasizes importance scientific collections underscores potential genomics additional field sampling identify improve our understanding poorly studied regions. Speciation events occurred during Late Miocene Early Pliocene, possibly driven shifting conditions such as strengthening Indian monsoon expansion seasonally dry conditions. study supports northern Sumatra southern Annamites centres localized endemicity suggests need small mammal surveys Sumatra’s Barisan Range.

Language: Английский

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Mitogenomes Reveal Multiple Colonization of Mountains by Rattus in Sundaland

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111(4), P. 392 - 404

Published: May 25, 2020

Abstract Tropical mountains are cradles of biodiversity and endemism. Sundaland, tropical Southeast Asia, hosts 3 species Rattus endemic to elevations above 2000 m with an apparent convergence in external morphology: korinchi R. hoogerwerfi from Sumatra, baluensis Borneo. A fourth one, tiomanicus, is restricted lowland across the whole region. The origins these endemics little known due absence a robust phylogenetic framework. We use complete mitochondrial genomes high altitude Rattus, several related determine their relationships, date divergences, reconstruct history colonization, test for selection on DNA. show that mountain colonization happened independently Borneo (<390 Kya) Sumatra (~1.38 Mya), likely lineages. origin Bornean very recent its genetic diversity nested within tiomanicus. found weak evidence positive high-elevation lineages attributed greater nonsynonymous mutations branches (specially baluensis) lesser purifying having acted terminal phylogeny.

Language: Английский

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Ancient Divergence Driven by Geographic Isolation and Ecological Adaptation in Forest Dependent Sundaland Tree Squirrels

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 26, 2020

A surprising amount of hidden phylogenetic diversity exists in the small to medium size, drab colored squirrels genus Sundasciurus . This is endemic Sundaland and Philippines, where it widespread. An earlier revision this found that high elevation ‘populations’ widespread, lowland slender squirrel ( S. tenuis ) were different species. Previous phylogenies based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences also suggested Low’s lowii narrow Fraternal fraterculus are not reciprocally monophyletic. Additionally, deep divergences have been identified between lineages within date early Pliocene. Here we focus evaluating relationships differences populations these two nominal species using whole genome sequences, nuclear intron morphology. We reassess taxonomy group, revalidate status Robinson’s robinsoni Bonhote, 1903 support level recognition Natuna natunensis Thomas, 1895 identify three other require further study. estimate times divergence integrate geologic history find most pre-Pleistocene, thus predate Pleistocene flooding Sundaland. Biogeographic, ecological factors may played a more important role than climatic generating patterns. While allopatry seems be main process driving speciation ), ecomorphological behavioral adaptations clade suggest an niche divergence.

Language: Английский

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The structure of terrestrial mammal communities along an elevation gradient in the tropics.

Journal of Mammalogy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(6), P. 1392 - 1402

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Abstract The correlates of mammal species richness and community associations along elevation gradients have resulted in conflicting results within tropical systems. We surveyed the terrestrial gallinaceous bird (>200 g body size) transects at 4 mountain sites Malaysian Borneo using camera traps to assess structuring gradient. Between 2015 2021, we Bukit Lanjak (elevation 1,300 m) Sarawak (Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary; LEWS) Mts. Kinabalu, Tambuyukon, Magdalena (up 2,400 Sabah, with a total sample effort 20,600 nights. detected 48 mammals 9 large birds. There was mostly common pool across sites, only solely LEWS 5 Sabah. Over our limited range, no were entire range confined highest Sabah or (>1,000 m). A curve for each location indicated slight peak ~1,000 m LEWS, but mid-elevation not evident individual response curves relative abundance gradient 15 sufficient detections similar (1 exception—Malaysian Porcupine) 6 showing correlation elevation, while increased decreased elevation. multivariate analysis found herbivores lower elevations mesocarnivores higher elevations, same foraging guilds differed size As opposed studies focused on smaller vertebrate (i.e., rodents, songbirds), larger communities these mountains did form unique structure according functional traits size.

Language: Английский

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Little genetic structure in a Bornean endemic small mammal across a steep ecological gradient

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(21), P. 4074 - 4090

Published: Sept. 21, 2020

Janzen's influential "mountain passes are higher in the tropics" hypothesis predicts restricted gene flow and genetic isolation among populations spanning elevational gradients tropics. Few studies have tested this prediction, that focus on population structure Southeast Asia particularly underrepresented literature. Here, we test mountain treeshrews (Tupaia montana) exhibit limited dispersal across their broad range which spans ~2,300 m two peaks Kinabalu National Park (KNP) Borneo: Mt Tambuyukon (MT) (MK). We sampled 83 individuals elevations both performed genomics analyses mitogenomes single nucleotide polymorphisms from 4,106 ultraconserved element loci. detected weak infer between peaks. found differentiation MT than MK despite its lower elevation associated environmental variation. This implies that, contrary to our hypothesis, system is not primarily shaped by elevation. propose pattern may instead be result of historical processes upslope MT. Importantly, results serve as a foundational estimate diversity track potential future effects climate change KNP, an important conservation stronghold for treeshrew other montane species.

Language: Английский

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