Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in human. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are most widely investigated diseases among all others in respect to the ginseng's therapeutic effects. These include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, depression, and many other neurological disorders including neurodevelopmental disorders. Not only the various types of diseases but also the diverse array of target pathways or molecules ginseng exerts its effect on. These range, for example, from neuroprotection to the regulation of synaptic plasticity and from regulation of neuroinflammatory processes to the regulation of neurotransmitter release, too many to mention. In …
Food & Function,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
7(11), С. 4506 - 4515
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2016
The
evidence
for
the
neuroprotective
and
cognitive
effects
of
compound
K,
a
metabolite
biotransformed
from
ginsenosides
Rb1,
Rb2,
Rc,
is
reviewed
here.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
24(15), С. 2687 - 2687
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2019
Accumulation
of
amyloid-β
(Aβ),
which
results
in
the
formation
senile
plaques
that
cause
oxidative
damage
and
neuronal
cell
death,
has
been
accepted
as
major
pathological
mechanism
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
Hence,
inhibition
Aβ-induced
apoptosis
represents
effective
strategies
combating
AD.
Ginsenoside
Re
(Re)
pharmacological
effects
against
neurotoxicity.
However,
its
molecular
remains
elusive.
The
present
study
evaluated
effect
cytotoxicity
SH-SY5Y
cells,
investigated
underlying
mechanism.
We
demonstrate
inhibits
Aβ-triggered
mitochondrial
apoptotic
pathway,
indicated
by
maintenance
functional,
elevated
Bcl-2/Bax
ratio,
reduced
cytochrome
c
release,
inactivation
caspase-3/9.
attenuated
Aβ-evoked
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
production,
signal-regulating
kinase
1
(ASK1)
phosphorylation,
JNK
activation.
ROS-scavenging
abrogated
ability
to
alter
ASK-1
Simultaneously,
abolished
Re-induced
Bax
downregulation
Aβ-challenged
cells.
In
addition,
enhanced
activation
nuclear
factor-E2-related
factor
2
(Nrf2)
Knockdown
Nrf2
small
interfering
RNA
targeting
protective
Re.
Our
findings
indicate
could
be
a
potential
therapeutic
approach
for
treatment
Journal of Ginseng Research,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
40(1), С. 9 - 17
Опубликована: Май 2, 2015
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
progressive
brain
disease,
for
which
there
no
effective
drug
therapy
at
present.
Ginsenoside
Rg1
(G-Rg1)
and
G-Rg2
have
been
reported
to
alleviate
memory
deterioration.
However,
the
mechanism
of
their
anti-AD
effect
has
not
yet
clearly
elucidated.Ultra
performance
liquid
chromatography
tandem
MS
(UPLC/MS)-based
metabolomics
was
used
identify
metabolites
that
are
differentially
expressed
in
brains
AD
mice
with
or
without
ginsenoside
treatment.
The
cognitive
function
pathological
changes
were
also
assessed
using
Morris
water
maze
(MWM)
immunohistochemistry,
respectively.The
impaired
increased
hippocampal
Aβ
deposition
ameliorated
by
G-Rg1
G-Rg2.
In
addition,
total
11
potential
biomarkers
associated
metabolism
lysophosphatidylcholines
(LPCs),
hypoxanthine,
sphingolipids
identified
levels
partly
restored
after
treatment
influenced
dihydrosphingosine,
hexadecasphinganine,
LPC
C
16:0,
18:0
mice.
Additionally,
phytosphingosine,
13:0,
15:0,
18:1,
18:3
mice.These
results
indicate
improvements
morphological
produced
caused
regulation
related
metabolic
pathways.
This
will
extend
our
understanding
mechanisms
involved
effects
on
AD.
