Brain Research Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
222, С. 111256 - 111256
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
illness
characterized
by
inflammation
and
demyelination
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
The
effective
delivery
therapeutic
agents
to
CNS
continues
be
an
important
barrier
in
MS
treatment
due
blood-brain
limited
access
affected
areas.
Exosome-based
drug
systems
have
become
attractive
option
for
targeted
therapy
MS.
Exosomes,
small
extracellular
vesicles
derived
from
various
cell
types,
possess
unique
biological
properties
that
make
them
ideal
nanocarriers
delivering
cargo
specific
populations
CNS.
In
this
study,
we
supply
comprehensive
overview
current
advances
future
perspectives
exosome-based
We
discuss
biogenesis
exosomes,
strategies
loading,
engineering
approaches
enhance
their
targeting
capabilities,
potential
clinical
applications
exosome-mediated
therapy.
Additionally,
explore
preclinical
studies
animal
models
demonstrate
effectiveness
ameliorating
pathology.
By
highlighting
challenges
opportunities
utilizing
exosomes
as
vehicles,
review
aims
contribute
growing
body
knowledge
field
nanomedicine
Considering
accessibility,
specificity,
therapies
while
minimizing
off-target
effects
might
change
scenario
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(21)
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2024
Abstract
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
refractory
neurological
disorder.
Due
to
the
complex
pathological
processes,
especially
secondary
inflammatory
cascade
and
lack
of
intrinsic
regenerative
capacity,
it
difficult
recover
function
after
SCI.
Meanwhile,
simulating
conductive
microenvironment
spinal
reconstructs
electrical
neural
signal
transmission
interrupted
by
SCI
facilitates
repair.
Therefore,
double‐crosslinked
hydrogel
(BP@Hydrogel)
containing
black
phosphorus
nanoplates
(BP)
synthesized.
When
placed
in
rotating
magnetic
field
(RMF),
BP@Hydrogel
can
generate
stable
signals
exhibit
electrogenic
characteristic.
In
vitro,
shows
satisfactory
biocompatibility
alleviate
activation
microglia.
RMF,
enhances
anti‐inflammatory
effects.
wireless
stimulation
promotes
differentiation
stem
cells
(NSCs)
into
neurons,
which
associated
with
PI3K/AKT
pathway.
vivo,
injectable
elicit
behavioral
electrophysiological
recovery
complete
transected
mice
alleviating
inflammation
facilitating
endogenous
NSCs
form
functional
neurons
synapses
under
RMF.
The
present
research
develops
multifunctional
for
repair
targeting
multiple
mechanisms
including
immunoregulation
enhancement
neuronal
differentiation.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024
Abstract
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
catastrophic
to
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
can
lead
sensory
and
motor
dysfunction,
which
seriously
affects
patients'
quality
of
life
imposes
major
economic
burden
on
society.
The
pathological
process
SCI
divided
into
primary
secondary
injury,
cascade
amplified
responses
triggered
by
injury.
Due
complexity
mechanisms
SCI,
there
no
clear
effective
treatment
strategy
in
clinical
practice.
Exosomes,
are
extracellular
vesicles
endoplasmic
origin
with
diameter
30–150
nm,
play
critical
role
intercellular
communication
have
become
an
ideal
vehicle
for
drug
delivery.
A
growing
body
evidence
suggests
exosomes
great
potential
repairing
SCI.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
exosome
preparation,
functions,
administration
routes.
addition,
summarize
effect
mechanism
various
repair
review
efficacy
combination
other
strategies
Finally,
challenges
prospects
use
described.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
cell
derived
nanovesicles
which
implicated
in
both
physiological
and
pathological
intercellular
communication,
including
the
initiation,
progression,
metastasis
of
cancer.
The
exchange
biomolecules
between
stromal
cells
cancer
via
EVs
can
provide
a
window
to
monitor
development
real
time
for
better
diagnostic
interventional
strategies.
In
addition,
process
secretion
internalization
by
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
be
exploited
delivering
therapeutics.
have
potential
targeted,
biocompatible,
efficient
delivery
platform
treatment
other
diseases.
Natural
as
well
engineered
nanomedicine
immense
disease
intervention.
Here,
we
an
overview
current
knowledge
EVs'
function
therapeutic
applications
setting,
EV
engineering
Modulating
the
inflammatory
microenvironment
can
inhibit
process
of
diseases
(IDs).
A
tri-cross-linked
microenvironment-responsive
hydrogel
with
ideal
mechanical
properties
achieves
triggerable
and
sustained
drug
delivery
regulates
microenvironment.
Here,
this
study
develops
an
(OD-PP@SeNPs)
composed
phenylboronic
acid
grafted
polylysine
(PP),
oxidized
dextran
(OD),
selenium
nanoparticles
(SeNPs).
The
introduction
SeNPs
as
initiators
nano-fillers
into
results
in
extra
cross-linking
polymer
network
through
hydrogen
bonding.
Based
on
Schiff
base
bonds,
Phenylboronate
ester
a
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)/pH
dual
responsive
triple-network
is
achieved.
has
injectable,
self-healing,
adhesion,
outstanding
flexibility,
suitable
swelling
capacity,
optimal
biodegradability,
excellent
stimuli-responsive
active
substance
release
performance,
prominent
biocompatibility.
Most
importantly,
ROS
scavenging
pH-regulating
ability
protects
cells
from
oxidative
stress
induces
macrophages
M2
polarization
to
reduce
cytokines
PI3K/AKT/NF-κB
MAPK
pathways,
exerting
anti-inflammatory
effects
reshaping
microenvironment,
thereby
effectively
treating
typical
IDs,
including
S.
aureus
infected
wound
rheumatoid
arthritis
rats.
In
conclusion,
dynamically
injectable
structure
provides
effective
strategy
treat
holding
great
promise
clinical
application.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(46), С. 43374 - 43387
Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023
Exosomes
are
nanoscale
vesicles
secreted
by
living
cells
that
have
similar
membrane
composition
to
parental
and
carry
a
variety
of
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
Therefore,
exosomes
certain
biological
activities
play
an
important
role
in
intercellular
communication.
On
the
basis
its
potential
as
carrier
for
drug
delivery
systems,
been
engineered
compensate
shortage
natural
through
various
engineering
strategies
improving
efficiency,
enhancing
targeting
tissues
organs,
extending
circulating
half-life
exosomes.
This
review
focuses
on
loading
drugs
different
strategies,
discussions
exosome
surface
modification
summarizes
advantages
disadvantages
strategies.
In
addition,
this
provides
overview
recent
applications
number
refractory
relapsable
diseases.
has
provide
reference
further
research
development
Bioactive Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
38, С. 438 - 454
Опубликована: Май 12, 2024
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
traumatic
condition
that
results
in
impaired
motor
and
sensory
function.
Ferroptosis
one
of
the
main
causes
neural
cell
death
loss
neurological
function
spinal
cord,
ferroptosis
inhibitors
are
effective
reducing
inflammation
repairing
SCI.
Although
human
umbilical
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(Huc-MSCs)
can
ameliorate
inflammatory
microenvironments
promote
regeneration
SCI,
their
efficacy
greatly
limited
by
local
microenvironment
after
Therefore,
this
study,
we
constructed
drug-release
nanoparticle
system
with
synergistic
Huc-MSCs
inhibitor,
which
anchored
Tz-A6
peptide
based
on
CD44-targeting
sequence,
combined
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)-responsive
drug
nanocarrier
mPEG-b-Lys-BECI-TCO
at
other
end
for
SCI
repair.
Meanwhile,
also
modified
classic
inhibitor
Ferrostatin-1
(Fer-1)
synthesized
new
prodrug
Feborastatin-1
(Feb-1).
The
showed
treatment
regimen
significantly
inhibited
response
promoted
recovery
rats
This
study
developed
combination
therapy
provides
strategy
construction
drug-coordinated
system.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 19, С. 1597 - 1627
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Abstract:
The
development
of
numerous
diseases
is
significantly
influenced
by
inflammation.
Macrophage-derived
exosomes
(M-Exos)
play
a
role
in
controlling
inflammatory
reactions
various
conditions,
including
chronic
pain,
hypertension,
and
diabetes.
However,
the
specific
targets
roles
M-Exos
regulating
inflammation
remain
largely
unknown.
This
review
summarizes
current
knowledge
on
biogenesis
provides
updated
information
M-Exos'
biological
function
modulation.
Furthermore,
this
highlights
functionalization
engineering
strategies
M-Exos,
while
providing
an
overview
cutting-edge
approaches
to
advancements
their
application
as
therapeutics
for
Finally,
multiple
mechanisms
are
presented
along
with
perspectives
challenges,
potential
contribution
that
may
have
through
modulation
discussed.
Keywords:
inflammation,
macrophage-derived
exosomes,
functions,
modulation,
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(2), С. 723 - 723
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
Mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(MSC-EVs)
have
emerged
as
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy
for
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI).
These
nanosized
possess
unique
properties
such
low
immunogenicity
and
the
ability
to
cross
biological
barriers,
making
them
ideal
carriers
delivering
bioactive
molecules
injured
tissues.
MSC-EVs
been
demonstrated
exert
multiple
beneficial
effects
in
SCI,
including
reducing
inflammation,
promoting
neuroprotection,
enhancing
axonal
regeneration.
Recent
studies
delved
into
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
MSC-EV-mediated
effects.
Exosomal
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
identified
key
regulators
of
various
cellular
processes
involved
SCI
pathogenesis
repair.
miRNAs
can
influence
oxidative
stress,
apoptosis
by
modulating
gene
expression.
This
review
summarized
current
state
MSC-EV-based
therapies
highlighting
potential
clinical
applications.
We
discussed
challenges
limitations
translating
these
practice,
inconsistent
EV
production,
complex
cargo
composition,
need
targeted
delivery
strategies.
Future
research
should
focus
on
optimizing
production
characterization,
identifying
miRNAs,
developing
innovative
systems
maximize
SCI.
