Abstract
Over
the
past
decade,
precision
medicine
has
garnered
increasing
attention,
making
significant
strides
in
discovering
new
therapeutic
drugs
and
mechanisms,
resulting
notable
achievements
symptom
alleviation,
pain
reduction,
extended
survival
rates.
However,
limited
target
specificity
of
primary
inter‐individual
differences
have
often
necessitated
high‐dosage
strategies,
leading
to
challenges
such
as
restricted
deep
tissue
penetration
rates
systemic
side
effects.
Material
science
advancements
present
a
promising
avenue
for
these
issues.
By
leveraging
distinct
internal
features
diseased
regions
application
specific
external
stimuli,
responsive
materials
can
be
tailored
achieve
targeted
delivery,
controllable
release,
biochemical
reactions.
This
review
aims
highlight
latest
stimuli‐responsive
their
potential
medicine.
Initially,
we
introduce
disease‐related
stimuli
capable
elucidating
reaction
principles
functional
groups.
Subsequently,
provide
detailed
analysis
representative
pre‐clinical
across
various
clinical
applications,
including
enhancements
treatment
cancers,
injury
diseases,
inflammatory
infection
high‐throughput
microfluidic
biosensors.
Finally,
discuss
some
challenges,
off‐target
effects,
long‐term
impacts
nano‐materials,
ethical
concerns,
offer
insights
into
future
perspectives
materials.
Metabolites,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(7), С. 796 - 796
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023
Cancer
is
a
huge
challenge
for
people
worldwide.
High
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
levels
are
recognized
hallmark
of
cancer
and
an
important
aspect
treatment
research.
Abnormally
elevated
ROS
often
attributable
to
alterations
in
cellular
metabolic
activities
increased
oxidative
stress,
which
affects
both
the
development
maintenance
cancer.
Moderately
high
beneficial
maintain
tumor
cell
genesis
development,
while
toxic
have
been
shown
be
force
destroying
cells.
has
become
anticancer
target
based
on
proapoptotic
effect
ROS.
Therefore,
this
review
summarizes
role
DNA
damage
apoptosis
cells
caused
by
changes
metabolism,
as
well
various
therapies
targeting
generation,
order
provide
references
generation.
Immunotherapy
is
an
attractive
treatment
strategy
for
cancer,
while
its
efficiency
and
safety
need
to
be
improved.
A
dual-cascade
activatable
nanopotentiator
sonodynamic
therapy
(SDT)
chemodynamic
(CDT)-cooperated
immunotherapy
of
deep
tumors
via
reshaping
adenosine
metabolism
herein
reported.
This
(NPMCA)
constructed
through
crosslinking
deaminase
(ADA)
with
chlorin
e6
(Ce6)-conjugated
manganese
dioxide
(MnO2)
nanoparticles
a
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)-cleavable
linker.
In
the
tumor
microenvironment
ultrasound
(US)
irradiation,
NPMCA
mediates
CDT
SDT
concurrently
in
covered
2-cm
tissues
produce
abundant
ROS,
which
results
scissoring
ROS-cleavable
linkers
activate
ADA
within
NCMCA
block
metabolism.
Moreover,
immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD)
dying
cells
upregulation
stimulator
interferon
genes
(STING)
triggered
by
generated
ROS
Mn2+
from
NPMCA,
respectively,
leading
activation
antitumor
immune
response.
The
potency
response
further
reinforced
reducing
accumulation
activated
ADA.
As
result,
enables
SDT-cooperated
immunotherapy,
showing
obviously
improved
therapeutic
efficacy
inhibit
growths
bilateral
tumors,
primary
are
tissues.
Abstract
Sonodynamic
therapy
(SDT)
has
been
explored
for
cancer
therapy,
especially
deep
tumors
due
to
its
low
tissue
penetration
restriction.
The
therapeutic
efficacy
of
SDT
is
limited
the
complicated
tumor
microenvironment.
This
study
reports
construction
oxygen‐carrying
semiconducting
polymer
nanoprodrugs
(OSPN
pro
)
treatment
via
combining
amplified
with
pyroptosis.
An
oxygen
carrier
perfluorohexane,
sonodynamic
as
sonosensitizer,
and
reactive
species
(ROS)‐responsive
prodrug
are
co‐loaded
into
a
nanoparticle
system,
leading
formation
these
nanoprodrugs.
Such
OSPN
show
an
effective
accumulation
in
tissues
after
systemic
administration,
which
they
deliver
relieve
hypoxia
microenvironment
thus
mediate
producing
ROS
under
ultrasound
(US)
irradiation,
even
when
covered
2‐cm
chicken
breast
tissue.
In
addition,
ROS‐responsive
prodrugs
activated
by
generated
trigger
pyroptosis
cells.
sono‐pyroptosis
induces
strong
antitumor
immunity
obviously
higher
level
infiltrations
effector
immune
cells
tumors.
Therefore,
‐based
combinational
can
greatly
inhibit
growth
tissue‐covered
suppress
metastasis.
offers
nanoplatform
strategy.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(26)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
Abstract
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)‐induced
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress
in
sonodynamic
therapy
(SDT)
can
elicit
immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD)‐initiated
antitumor
immunity
for
augmented
sono‐immunotherapy.
However,
unsatisfactory
activity
and
mediocre
ER
induction
ability
of
sonosensitizers
essentially
restrict
SDT
efficacy
ICD
stimulation.
Herein,
a
versatile
ER‐targeting
Iridium(III)
nanosonosensitizer
is
developed
as
superior
inducer
boosted
tumor
An
ingenious
cholic
acid
(CA)‐functionalized
sonosensitizer
Ir‐CA
well‐designed
skillfully
crosslinked
with
human
serum
albumin
(HSA)
to
form
HSA@Ir‐CA.
With
high
stability,
favorable
tumor‐targeting
ability,
reduction‐responsiveness,
HSA@Ir‐CA
preferentially
accumulates
sites
enhanced
cellular
uptake,
followed
by
rapid
disassembly
responding
intracellular
reductive
environment.
The
uncaged
selectively
accumulate
precisely
disrupt
situ
produced
type
I
II
ROS
upon
US
irradiation
high‐efficiency
SDT.
Moreover,
the
maximized
eminently
amplifies
evoke
robust
systemic
immunity,
inhibiting
growths
primary/distant
tumor,
lung
metastasis,
recurrence.
This
combined
immune
checkpoint
inhibitor
(αPD‐L1)
further
achieves
reinforced
therapeutic
outcome
against
immunologically
“cold”
tumor.
study
presents
an
effective
paradigm
optimize
amplify
ICD‐initiated
responses
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Abstract
Cancer
immunotherapy,
which
leverages
immune
system
components
to
treat
malignancies,
has
emerged
as
a
cornerstone
of
contemporary
therapeutic
strategies.
Yet,
critical
concerns
about
the
efficacy
and
safety
cancer
immunotherapies
remain
formidable.
Nanotechnology,
especially
polymeric
nanoparticles
(PNPs),
offers
unparalleled
flexibility
in
manipulation‐from
chemical
composition
physical
properties
precision
control
nanoassemblies.
PNPs
provide
an
optimal
platform
amplify
potency
minimize
systematic
toxicity
broad
spectrum
immunotherapeutic
modalities.
In
this
comprehensive
review,
basics
polymer
chemistry,
state‐of‐the‐art
designs
from
physicochemical
standpoint
for
encompassing
vaccines,
situ
vaccination,
adoptive
T‐cell
therapies,
tumor‐infiltrating
cell‐targeted
antibodies,
cytokine
therapies
are
delineated.
Each
immunotherapy
necessitates
distinctively
tailored
design
strategies
nanoplatforms.
The
extensive
applications
PNPs,
investigation
their
mechanisms
action
enhanced
particularly
focused
on.
profiles
clinical
research
progress
discussed.
Additionally,
forthcoming
developments
emergent
trends
nano‐immunotherapeutics
poised
transform
treatment
paradigms
into
clinics
explored.
Nano-Micro Letters,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
Sonodynamic
therapy
(SDT)
as
an
emerging
modality
for
malignant
tumors
mainly
involves
in
sonosensitizers
and
low-intensity
ultrasound
(US),
which
can
safely
penetrate
the
tissue
without
significant
attenuation.
SDT
not
only
has
advantages
including
high
precision,
non-invasiveness,
minimal
side
effects,
but
also
overcomes
limitation
of
low
penetration
light
to
deep
tumors.
The
cytotoxic
reactive
oxygen
species
be
produced
by
utilization
combined
with
US
kill
tumor
cells.
However,
underlying
mechanism
been
elucidated,
its
unsatisfactory
efficiency
retards
further
clinical
application.
Herein,
we
shed
on
main
mechanisms
types
sonosensitizers,
organic
inorganic
sonosensitizers.
Due
development
nanotechnology,
many
novel
nanoplatforms
are
utilized
this
arisen
field
solve
barriers
enable
continuous
innovation.
This
review
highlights
potential
nanosonosensitizers
focus
enhanced
based
monotherapy
or
synergistic
that
difficult
reach
traditional
treatment,
especially
orthotopic
cancers.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(19)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024
Abstract
Immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD)
induced
by
calcium
ion
(Ca
2+
)
overload
has
attracted
significant
attention
owing
to
its
ability
activate
the
immune
system
and
generate
durable
antitumor
responses.
However,
slow
release
of
Ca
commonly
used
nanomodulators
provides
tumor
cells
with
opportunity
efficiently
eliminate
excess
through
channels,
thus
diminishing
therapeutic
efficacy.
Consequently,
it
is
crucial
explore
strategies
for
rapid
release.
To
address
this
issue,
a
glutathione‐triggered
Ca(IO
3
2
@starch‐based
nanobomb
presented.
This
not
only
enables
accurate
efficient
delivery
site
but
also
exploits
photoacoustic
(PA)
imaging‐guided
photothermal
precise
control
TRPV1
channel
activation
enhancing
influx.
Both
in
vitro
vivo
results
confirm
that
photothermally
regulated
influx
based
on
effectively
promotes
ICD
stimulates
infiltration
tissues,
ultimately
leading
effective
inhibition
growth
metastasis.
The
developed
presents
potential
strategy
enhance
overload,
addressing
challenges
associated
timely
regulation
offering
prospects
improved
immunotherapy.
Abstract
Sonodynamic
therapy
(SDT),
featuring
noninvasive,
deeper
penetration,
low
cost,
and
repeatability,
is
a
promising
approach
for
deep‐seated
tumors.
However,
the
general
or
only
utilization
of
SDT
shows
efficiency
unsatisfactory
treatment
outcomes
due
to
complicated
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
process.
To
circumvent
issues,
three
feasible
approaches
enhancing
SDT‐based
therapeutic
effects,
including
sonosensitizer
optimization,
strategies
conquering
hypoxia
TME,
combinational
are
summarized,
with
particular
focus
on
combination
other
modalities,
chemodynamic
therapy,
photodynamic
photothermal
chemotherapy,
starvation
gas
immunotherapy.
In
end,
current
challenges
in
tumors
discussed
enhanced
effects
provided.
It
envisioned
that
this
review
will
provide
new
insight
into
strategic
design
high‐efficiency
sonosensitizer‐derived
nanotheranostics,
thereby
augmenting
accelerating
potential
clinical
transformation.