Terpenoids and Polyphenols as Natural Antioxidant Agents in Food Preservation

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(8), С. 1264 - 1264

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2021

Synthetic antioxidant food additives, such as BHA, BHT and TBHQ, are going through a difficult time, since these products generate negative perception in consumers. This has generated an increased pressure on manufacturers to search for safer natural alternatives like phytochemicals (such polyphenols, including flavonoids, essential oils rich terpenoids, carotenoids). These plant bioactive compounds have activities widely proven vitro tests diverse matrices (meat, fish, oil vegetables). As tons of wasted every year due aesthetic reasons (lipid oxidation) premature damage caused by inappropriate packaging, there is urgent need antioxidants capable replacing the synthetic ones meet consumer demands. review summarizes industrially interesting bioactivities associated with terpenoids polyphenols respect prevention lipid oxidation high fat containing foods, meat (rich saturated fat), fish polyunsaturated vegetable products, while avoiding generation rancid flavors visual deterioration color changes oxidized lipids). Terpenoids (like monoterpenes carotenoids) quercetin other flavonoids) important broad range effects. distributed fruits vegetables, agricultural waste, remarkably useful preservation, they show bioactivity antioxidants, able scavenge reactive oxygen nitrogen species, superoxide, hydroxyl or peroxyl radicals contributing processes matrices.

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyphenols Contained in Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms

Molecules, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(4), С. 985 - 985

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2021

Nutrition transition can be defined as shifts in food habits, and it is characterized by high-fat (chiefly saturated animal fat), hypercaloric salty consumption at the expense of dietary fibers, minerals vitamins. Western patterns serve a model for studying impact nutrition on civilization diseases, such obesity, which commonly associated with oxidative stress inflammation. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation obesity. NF-κB regulates gene expression several oxidant-responsive adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), plays pivotal role energy homeostasis modulation metabolic inflammation, downregulated IκB (IKK)-dependent TNF-α activation. On other hand, adherence to Mediterranean-style diet highly encouraged because its healthy pattern, includes antioxidant nutraceuticals polyphenols. Indeed, hydroxycinnamic derivatives, quercetin, resveratrol, oleuropein hydroxytyrosol, are well known their anti-inflammatory activities, exert anti-obesity proprieties. this review, we highlight most common polyphenols from Mediterranean foods molecular mechanisms that mediate obesity-related Hence, discuss effects these number signaling pathways. We note (MedDiet) de-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) NF-κB-mediated stress, MedDiet also effective upregulating downstream effectors proteins, chiefly AMPK.

Язык: Английский

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A practical guide for transparent reporting of research on natural products in the British Journal of Pharmacology: Reproducibility of natural product research

British Journal of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 177(10), С. 2169 - 2178

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2020

Natural products continue to be an important source of medicines and drug templates. Indeed, it has been estimated that approximately a third all Food Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs over the past 20 years are based on natural or their derivatives (Thomford et al., 2018). This is likely due vast chemical diversity products, which increases probability finding structurally distinct 'lead compounds' for different targets diseases (Gu 2013). For instance, Dictionary Products thus far recorded ~200,000 plant secondary metabolites, including about 170,000 unique structures (Harvey, Edrada-Ebel, & Quinn, 2015). The growing opportunity also reflected in size product libraries have created, such as Supernatural II (http://bioinf-applied.charite.de/supernatural_new/index.php?site=home), 325,508 compounds (Banerjee 2015), open access initiative (led by US National Cancer Institute) with ~80,000 plants, ~20,000 marine samples ~6,000 microbes. latter estimates ~1,000,000 fractions will derived next 3–4 (https://dtp.cancer.gov/organization/npb/npnpd_prefractionated_library.htm). In addition its well-established role discovery, pharmacology relevant context dietary supplements, part nebulous nutraceutical market includes vitamins, amino acids, proteins, minerals, fibres, extracts (Andrew Izzo, 2017). Due lack rigorous regulation many countries, supplements can marketed without clinical evidence efficacy uncertain composition Despite these shortcomings, demand continues grow (Williamson, Liu, 2020). Herbal supplement sales United States experienced record growth 2018 consumers spent $8.842 billion herbal across channels (Smith, Gillespie, Eckl, Knepper, Reynolds, Furthermore, traditional medicine (such Ayurvedic medicine, Chinese Unani) not only form integral treatment within certain cultures but entered Western culture (Williamson With this background, surprising BJP receives submissions focus specific products. great majority papers published BJP, authors include final summative statements propose naturally occurring molecule further development immediate use market. Many identify novel targets, elucidate mode action, discover lead offer potential repositioning already (see Table 1 list examples). All issues highly pharmacological approaches discovery science well therapies. does publish limited identification Isolation, purification, elucidation structure semi-synthesis considered both robust, deep detailed analysis mechanism(s) biological activity attributed provided. As example, paper Yin al. (2015), provided synthesis previously isolated metabolite from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), was identified using MS proton carbon NMR spectra. addition, analysis, showed compound prevented isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis inhibiting NOX2/ROS/p38 pathway. Identification possible mechanism action mandatory publication BJP. considers describe studies purified active compounds; cases, purity compound, major impurities, must reported. consider mixtures extracts) alone, unless observations accompanied identifying demonstrating similar component(s) extract. some extract mixture may additive synergistic activities several compounds. If case, then should shown combining constituents functional replicates mixture. Overall, define which, how, contribute activity. example evaluation followed main ingredient, reported multiple increased expression uncoupling protein adipocytes (Nie found Astragalus membranaceous had highest went isolate purify components (with data HPLC constituents). isoflavone formononetin component responsible Subsequently, elucidated profile formononetin, number molecular approaches, clearly showing binding PPARγ blunted weight gain energy expenditure obese mice. Full details regarding provenance processing These plant/marine entity microbe used, method extraction, yield dried percentage starting fresh material, type concentration extraction solvent. materials, formal name given derived. scientific (including family) according Integrated Taxonomic Information System website, binomial format composed genus species. There instances where naming straightforward, case full explanations justifications (i.e., country region, wild cultivated) stated. rare organisms logged sample/voucher specimen stored accessible database recognized institution enable others sample conduct analyses (Culley, Samples held personal private stores available other scientists acceptable To ensure reproducible activity, chemically characterized (e.g., fingerprint metabolomics) content marker compound(s) measured validated analytical methods. extracted compounds, phytochemical characterization, (%) methods used determine identity Most tested at high (95–99%). instances, difficult achieve and, if so, required provide clear description explain how accounted analyses. A figure shows included manuscript. commercially supplier given. reproducibility findings facilitated disclosure plant/tissue (provenance) process. latter, no word count restriction readers either via facility authors. origin easily soluble water saline, hence, they dissolved organic solvents, DMSO, ethanol, vegetable oils (sesame oil corn oil) ethanol. Unfortunately, relatively low concentrations, affect cell lines tissues ways outcomes vivo investigations. Cell-based assays often intolerant solvent concentrations greater than 1% (Hughes, Rees, Kalindjian, Philpott, 2011). probably most frequently vehicle, exerts actions differentiation malignant cells, antioxidant antibacterial vasodilatation smooth muscle relaxation, behavioural cardiovascular effects (Castro, Hogan, Benson, Shehata, Landauer, 1995; Jacob Herschler, 1986; Parisi 2010). Therefore, we advise assessment minimum vehicle solubilization conducted mandate effect responses under study Inadequate consideration incorrect judgement intervention. recent incomplete occurred lipids. substantial literature positive lipids circulating triglyceride levels. Raised plasma triglycerides correlate worse outcome terms events (Sarwar 2007). Results large prospective assessing icosapent ethyl patients levels (REDUCE-IT) recently (Bhatt 2019). investigators suggested reduced cumulative incidence compared placebo (a mineral mimicking colour consistency fish oil), However, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), while groups baseline (750 mg·l−1), mg·l−1 intervention group 70 (mineral group. level LDL-C known associated increase raised possibility might simply preventing detrimental another oil. when, order reach investigation construct concentration–response curve agonist/antagonist studies), response being studied. curves shown. Thomas (2007) plant-derived cannabidiol displayed potency antagonist CB1 CB2 receptors. [35S]GTPγS assay ability antagonize cannabinoid receptor agonists mouse human receptor. assay, related (DMSO) figures enabled comparison vehicle. Commonly screening new sources, systems organs. advantage vitro test broad range cannot reached vivo. While do prohibit vitro, discourage few, no, possibilities exist application inappropriate pharmaceutical (Heinrich contains examples evoke claims therapeutic (Butterweck Nahrstedt, 2012; Gertsch, 2009). argued facilitate interaction proteins produce unwanted (Gertsch, testing targeting receptors enzymes) exceed 10-fold IC50 Ki target introducing off-target (Liston Davis, 2017; Smith Houghton, there accepted limits beyond cut-off commonly industry (EC50 < 10 μM) Compound hit typically run 1- 10-μM (Hughes guide authored editors journals specializing research suggests higher 30–50 μM activities, suggestions elsewhere. antimicrobial believed meaningful below 25 (Cos, Vlietinck, Berghe, Maes, 2006). antiproliferative/cytotoxic studies, recommended selectivity 'anti-life' elected policy restricting achievable causing (off target). antiproliferative treatments limit carcinogenesis, between tumours versus healthy cells recommended. aim constituent particular occur commensurate those achieved consumption. general, wise ask following question: 'can present blood tissue/cellular after administration dose investigation'? answer simple question requires knowledge pharmacokinetic compound. An interesting investigated relevance (Yeo, Fenwick, Barnes, Lin, Donnelly, polyphenol isorhapontigenin inhibited IL-6 release airway epithelial cells. On basis obtained rats vivo, postulated oral dosing least 30% inhibition attained through single (Yeo It note pro-drug—or, more generally, metabolized before absorption phase, results could misleading. common since nature glycosides, generally deglycosylated intestinal microbiota, making non-sugar portion (the aglycone) absorption. Extrapolation animal experiments situation (Nair Jacob, 2016). body weight, variables considered, surface area, parameters (clearance volume distribution) interspecies differences pharmacodynamics. comprehensive principles extrapolation scope editorial. refer ago (Sharma McNeill, Conversely, resveratrol ranges match approaches. article Nature ago, improved survival mice high-calorie diet (Baur 2006), led speculation benefits red wine relate effect. animals study, allometric scaling 2016), leads conclusion person average would drink 55 bottles per day. summary, preventive viewpoint supporting multiple-dose (in compliance 3Rs): Single doses complex models. oral/parenteral methods, incorporated into diet. assessed supplementation 2 months quinic acid glucose metabolism (Heikkilä much needs mixed diet, essential know key pieces information, daily researcher aims give animals, usual food intake (Ricci, 2012). inclusion precise significance when unravel timing (preventive vs. curative) important. Where setting means delivered disease establishment diagnosis, clinically relevant, evaluating candidate prevention. settings goal cure rather prevent, insult. fail trials because safe Thus, preclinical level, determination safety proof efficacy, initiation trial promoting supplement. journal, thus, toxicology, but, whenever possible, encourage information toxicity evaluation. solely performed assessments toxicity, viability mitochondrial function, advised. measures assessment, liver, renal function. selected show cancer Ideally, (if available), especially observed concentrations. Finally, encouraged review check toxicological Romano (2013) cannabichromene ameliorated experimental colitis dose, 100-fold lower subacute LD50 literature. Since 2015, adopted series guidelines support transparency reproducibility. implementation design experiments. journal two editorials topic describing requirements (Curtis 2015; Curtis Key highlighted need blinding randomization design, ideally requirement n values 5 prior subjecting datasets comparative statistical analysis. involving primary cultures, address editorial 'ARRIVE 2.0 British Journal Pharmacology: Updated guidance 2020' (Lilley, Stanford, 2020), provides updated reporting Authors read presentation sharing (George George 2019) goals practicalities immunoblotting immunohistochemistry (Alexander Checklists covering website (https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/14765381/declaration_english). now sex variable (Docherty recommend ex vivo) sexes, justification this. illustrates submitting articles 3). highlights shortcomings avoided appropriate planning design. leading field, advances published, novelty determinant acceptance publication. Studies considered. Articles repetition well-known report suitable recognize wealth agents come world keen excellent advance our understanding mechanisms physiological pathological processes agents.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Gallic Acid on Gut Health: Focus on the Gut Microbiome, Immune Response, and Mechanisms of Action

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2020

Gallic acid (GA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol compound present in fruits, vegetables, and herbal medicines. According to previous studies, GA has many biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties. its derivatives have multiple industrial uses, such as food supplements or additives. Additionally, recent studies shown that not only enhance gut microbiome (GM) activities, but also modulate immune responses. Thus, great potential facilitate natural defense against microbial infections the response. However, exact mechanisms of acts on GM system remain unclear. In this review, first physicochemical bioavailability, absorption, metabolism are introduced, then we summarize findings concerning roles gastrointestinal health. Furthermore, review attempts explain how influences modulates response maintain intestinal

Язык: Английский

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Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study

Foods, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1), С. 37 - 37

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2020

Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that food bioactive compounds (FBCs) a positive biological impact on human health, exerting protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCD) including cancer and cardiovascular (CVDs), metabolic, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). These benefits been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one most abundant classes present in plant-based foods emerge promising approach for development efficacious preventive agents NCDs reduced side effects. The aim this review is to comprehensive deep insights into potential chemical structure classification biosynthesis NCDs, cancer, CVDs, NDDS. challenge polyphenols bioavailability bioaccessibility will be explored addition useful industrial environmental applications. Advanced emerging extraction techniques highlighted high-resolution analytical used FBCs characterization, identification, quantification considered.

Язык: Английский

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Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(7), С. 3715 - 3715

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2021

The human intestine contains an intricate community of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, medicines and environmental factors, particularly diet. Growing evidence supports involvement GM dysbiosis gastrointestinal (GI) extraintestinal metabolic diseases. beneficial effects dietary polyphenols preventing diseases have been subjected intense investigation over last twenty years. As our understanding advances knowledge antioxidant anti-inflammatory functions accumulates, there emerges need examine prebiotic polyphenols. This review firstly overviews importance health disease then reviews on modulation microbiota, their metabolites how they impact benefits. Inter-dependence between polyphenol vital balance two maintaining homeostasis are also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds

Molecules, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(19), С. 5991 - 5991

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2021

Citrus fruits (CF) are among the most widely cultivated fruit crops throughout world and their production is constantly increasing along with consumers’ demand. Therefore, huge amounts of waste annually generated through CF processing, causing high costs for disposal, as well environmental human health damage, if inappropriately performed. According to recent indications an economic, pharmaceutical nature, processing residues must be transformed from a disposed valuable resource reused. Based on circular economy model, (i.e., seeds, exhausted peel, pressed pulp, secondary juice leaves) have increasingly been re-evaluated also obtain, but not limited to, compounds employed in food, packaging, cosmetic industries. However, use by-products still because underestimated nutritional economic value, hence more awareness knowledge needed overcome traditional approaches disposal. This review summarizes evidence pharmacological potential support switch towards environmentally sustainable society.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in interactions between polyphenols and plant cell wall polysaccharides as studied using an adsorption technique

Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 373, С. 131487 - 131487

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2021

Polyphenols include flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and lignans which are known to have antioxidant, UV protection antimicrobial properties. Among them the most commonly investigated flavonoids which, due their plant origin, may interact with cell wall (PCW) components, specifically its polysaccharides. Knowledge concerning nature of interactions between these components be used in production functional food or development packaging materials additional The content polyphenols such products is responsible for colour taste, also act as a natural preservative. On other hand, PCW protective role has impact on release human digestive system. Therefore, this review an attempt summarize current state knowledge that emerged after 2017 interaction polyphenols, particular focus hemicellulose pectin.

Язык: Английский

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for the efficient removal of contaminants from water: Underlying mechanisms, recent advances, challenges, and future prospects

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 468, С. 214595 - 214595

Опубликована: Май 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Future Prospects and Challenges

Molecules, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(17), С. 5327 - 5327

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2021

Natural products derived from plants, as well their bioactive compounds, have been extensively studied in recent years for therapeutic potential a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s (AD), Huntington’s (HD), and Parkinson’s (PD) disease. These are characterized by progressive dysfunction loss neuronal structure function. There has little progress designing efficient treatments, despite impressive breakthroughs our understanding NDs. In the prevention therapy NDs, use natural may provide great opportunities; however, many clinical issues emerged regarding use, primarily based on lack scientific support or proof effectiveness patient safety. Since neurodegeneration is associated with myriad pathological processes, targeting multi-mechanisms action neuroprotection approaches that include preventing cell death restoring function damaged neurons should be employed. treatment AD PD, neuroprotective agents. This current review will highlight numerous compounds thatexert effects pathologies

Язык: Английский

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