Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(9)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2021

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co‐isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this time‐consuming requires large sample volumes, often feasible in most clinical studies or where small volumes available. Therefore, we compared rendered by five commonly used based on different principles from conditioned cell medium 250 μl 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size‐exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), phosphatidylserine (MagCapture). were characterised electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, LC‐MS/MS. The yielded samples morphology, particle size, proteomic profile. For the medium, Izon 35 isolated highest number proteins followed exoEasy, which also fewer non‐EV proteins. plasma samples, exoEasy high proteins, while 70 We conclude no method perfect for all studies, rather, suited depending type interest subtype, addition to volume budget.

Язык: Английский

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<p>Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: a two-edged sword in cancer therapy</p>

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2019, Номер Volume 14, С. 2847 - 2859

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2019

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal present in various adult tissues. Several studies suggest that MSCs secrete exosomes perform as mediators the tumor niche and play several roles tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, metastasis. In contrast, there other supporting tumor-suppressing effects of MSC-derived exosomes. Therefore, exact association MSC remains open to debate. This review aimed demonstrate knowledge cancer research illustrate current approaches make use modified a platform therapeutic strategies cancer. Keywords: mesenchymal cells, exosome, drug delivery, exosome engineering, therapy

Язык: Английский

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The role of exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) membranes enclose nanosized with a size range of 30-150 nm and are plentiful in our body both physiological pathological conditions. Exosomes, type EV, important mediators intracellular communication among tumor cells, immune stromal cells. They can shuttle bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, RNA, DNA; however, the precise function EVs remains largely unknown. In recent years, tumor-associated cargo exosomes has been hot topic research, especially respect to noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Herein, we review role exosomal ncRNAs, including miRNAs long RNAs, biological processes. Clinically, ncRNAs may eventually become novel biomarkers therapeutic targets cancer progression.

Язык: Английский

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Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in tissue repair: challenges and opportunities

Theranostics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(13), С. 5979 - 5997

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are important players in tissue homeostasis and regeneration owing to their immunomodulatory potential release of trophic factors that promote healing.They have been increasingly used clinical trials treat multiple conditions associated with inflammation damage such as graft versus host disease, orthopedic injuries cardiac liver diseases.Recent evidence demonstrates beneficial effects derived, at least part, from secretome.In particular, data animal models first-in-man studies indicate MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can exert similar therapeutic origin.MSC-EVs membranous structures loaded proteins, lipids, carbohydrates nucleic acids, which play an role cell-cell communication may represent attractive alternative for cell-based therapy.In this article we summarize recent advances the use MSC-EVs repair.We highlight several isolation characterization approaches enrich EVs.We discuss our current understanding relative contribution regenerative mediated by MSCs MSC secretome.Finally challenges opportunities, come cell free therapy require repair.

Язык: Английский

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Towards microfluidic-based exosome isolation and detection for tumor therapy

Nano Today, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 37, С. 101066 - 101066

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Bioactive DNA from extracellular vesicles and particles

Cell Death and Disease, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(7)

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2020

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) have recently emerged as active carriers of molecular biomarkers mediators intercellular communication. While most investigations focused exclusively on the protein, lipid RNA constituents these extracellular entities, EV/EP DNA remains poorly understood, despite being found in association with virtually all populations. The functional potential has been proposed a number pathological states, including malignancies autoimmune diseases. Moreover, effectiveness cell-free biomarker choice emerging liquid biopsy applications highlights role that may play novel disease biomarker. In this review, we provide comprehensive overview studies conducted to date, particular focus roles mediator various pathologic states. We also review what is currently known about origins, structure, localisation distribution DNA, highlighting current controversies well opportunities for future investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Circulating Exosomal miR‐20b‐5p Inhibition Restores Wnt9b Signaling and Reverses Diabetes‐Associated Impaired Wound Healing

Small, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(3)

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2019

Abstract At present, developing therapeutic strategies to improve wound healing in individuals with diabetes remains challenging. Exosomes represent a promising nanomaterial from which microRNAs (miRNAs) can be isolated. These miRNAs have the potential exert effects, and thus, determining contributions of specific circulating exosomes is great importance. In present study, exosomal are identified diabetic patients assessed for their roles context healing. A significant upregulation miR‐20b‐5p observed isolated type 2 mellitus (T2DM), this miRNA able suppress human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis via regulation Wnt9b/β‐catenin signaling. It found that application either or sites sufficient slow angiogenesis. mice, it knocking out significantly enhances promotes Together, these findings thus provide strong evidence highly enriched T2DM transferred cells vascular endothelium, where targets Wnt9b signaling negatively regulate functionality

Язык: Английский

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Salivary Exosomes: Emerging Roles in Systemic Disease

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 14(6), С. 633 - 643

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Saliva, which contains biological information, is considered a valuable diagnostic tool for local and systemic diseases conditions because, similar to blood, it important molecules like DNA, RNA, proteins.Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles 30-100 nm in diameter with substantial functions, including intracellular communication signalling.These vesicles, present bodily fluids, saliva, released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) the cellular plasma membrane.Salivary diagnosis has notable advantages, include noninvasiveness, ease collection, absence coagulation, content as plasma, well increased patient compliance compared other approaches.However, investigation roles salivary exosomes still its early years.In this review, we first describe characteristics endocytosis secretion exosomes, database bioinformatics analysis exosomes.Then, strategies isolation from human saliva emerging role potential biomarkers oral diseases.Given ever-growing defining their functions understanding specific mechanisms will provide novel insights into possible applications treatment diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Follow-Up: Current Status and Perspectives

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2019

Oral cancer is the sixth most common type in world, and 90% of it represented by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite progress preventive therapeutic strategies, delay OSCC diagnosis remains one major causes high morbidity mortality; indeed majority has been lately identified advanced clinical stage (i.e., III or IV). Moreover, after primary treatment, recurrences and/or metastases are found more than half patients (80% cases within first 2 years) 5-year survival rate still lower 50%, resulting a serious issue for public health. Currently, histological investigation represents "gold standard" diagnosis; however, recent studies have evaluated potential use non-invasive methods, such as "liquid biopsy," detection diagnostic prognostic biomarkers body fluids patients. Saliva biofluid containing factors cytokines, DNA RNA molecules, circulating tissue-derived cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may be used biomarkers; their analysis give us useful information to do early improve prognosis. Therefore, aim this review reporting data on saliva biomarker liquid biopsy from patients, with particular attention tumor (ctDNA), EVs, microRNAs (miRNAs). Our results highlight several promising uses management; painless, accessible, low cost very helpful source detection. Even if standardized protocols isolation, characterization, evaluation needed, suggest successfully included future processes, considerable impact treatment strategies favorable outcome.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as Naturally Occurring Vehicles for Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Insights from Drug Delivery to Clinical Perspectives

Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(6), С. 1481 - 1481

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2021

Exosomes as nanosized vesicles are emerging drug delivery systems for therapeutics owing to their natural origin, ability mediate intercellular communication, and potential encapsulate various biological molecules such proteins nucleic acids within the lipid bilayer membrane or in lumen. contain endogenous components (proteins, lipids, RNA) that could be used deliver cargoes target cells, offering an opportunity diagnose treat diseases. Owing travel safely extracellular fluid transport cells with high efficacy, exosomes offer enhanced of vivo. However, several challenges related stabilization exosomes, production sufficient amounts safety efficient loading drugs into clearance from circulation, transition bench scale clinical may limit development use. For use it is important understand molecular mechanisms behind function exosome vesicles. This review exploits techniques isolation characterization enhance therapeutic outcome methods. Further, routes administration, trials, regulatory aspects will discussed this review.

Язык: Английский

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