Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co‐isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this time‐consuming requires large sample volumes, often feasible in most clinical studies or where small volumes available. Therefore, we compared rendered by five commonly used based on different principles from conditioned cell medium 250 μl 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size‐exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), phosphatidylserine (MagCapture). were characterised electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, LC‐MS/MS. The yielded samples morphology, particle size, proteomic profile. For the medium, Izon 35 isolated highest number proteins followed exoEasy, which also fewer non‐EV proteins. plasma samples, exoEasy high proteins, while 70 We conclude no method perfect for all studies, rather, suited depending type interest subtype, addition to volume budget.

Language: Английский

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<p>Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: a two-edged sword in cancer therapy</p>

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 2847 - 2859

Published: April 1, 2019

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal present in various adult tissues. Several studies suggest that MSCs secrete exosomes perform as mediators the tumor niche and play several roles tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, metastasis. In contrast, there other supporting tumor-suppressing effects of MSC-derived exosomes. Therefore, exact association MSC remains open to debate. This review aimed demonstrate knowledge cancer research illustrate current approaches make use modified a platform therapeutic strategies cancer. Keywords: mesenchymal cells, exosome, drug delivery, exosome engineering, therapy

Language: Английский

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The role of exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: March 9, 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) membranes enclose nanosized with a size range of 30-150 nm and are plentiful in our body both physiological pathological conditions. Exosomes, type EV, important mediators intracellular communication among tumor cells, immune stromal cells. They can shuttle bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, RNA, DNA; however, the precise function EVs remains largely unknown. In recent years, tumor-associated cargo exosomes has been hot topic research, especially respect to noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Herein, we review role exosomal ncRNAs, including miRNAs long RNAs, biological processes. Clinically, ncRNAs may eventually become novel biomarkers therapeutic targets cancer progression.

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in tissue repair: challenges and opportunities

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. 5979 - 5997

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are important players in tissue homeostasis and regeneration owing to their immunomodulatory potential release of trophic factors that promote healing.They have been increasingly used clinical trials treat multiple conditions associated with inflammation damage such as graft versus host disease, orthopedic injuries cardiac liver diseases.Recent evidence demonstrates beneficial effects derived, at least part, from secretome.In particular, data animal models first-in-man studies indicate MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can exert similar therapeutic origin.MSC-EVs membranous structures loaded proteins, lipids, carbohydrates nucleic acids, which play an role cell-cell communication may represent attractive alternative for cell-based therapy.In this article we summarize recent advances the use MSC-EVs repair.We highlight several isolation characterization approaches enrich EVs.We discuss our current understanding relative contribution regenerative mediated by MSCs MSC secretome.Finally challenges opportunities, come cell free therapy require repair.

Language: Английский

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Towards microfluidic-based exosome isolation and detection for tumor therapy

Nano Today, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 101066 - 101066

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

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Bioactive DNA from extracellular vesicles and particles

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: July 27, 2020

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) have recently emerged as active carriers of molecular biomarkers mediators intercellular communication. While most investigations focused exclusively on the protein, lipid RNA constituents these extracellular entities, EV/EP DNA remains poorly understood, despite being found in association with virtually all populations. The functional potential has been proposed a number pathological states, including malignancies autoimmune diseases. Moreover, effectiveness cell-free biomarker choice emerging liquid biopsy applications highlights role that may play novel disease biomarker. In this review, we provide comprehensive overview studies conducted to date, particular focus roles mediator various pathologic states. We also review what is currently known about origins, structure, localisation distribution DNA, highlighting current controversies well opportunities for future investigation.

Language: Английский

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Circulating Exosomal miR‐20b‐5p Inhibition Restores Wnt9b Signaling and Reverses Diabetes‐Associated Impaired Wound Healing

Small, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: Dec. 23, 2019

Abstract At present, developing therapeutic strategies to improve wound healing in individuals with diabetes remains challenging. Exosomes represent a promising nanomaterial from which microRNAs (miRNAs) can be isolated. These miRNAs have the potential exert effects, and thus, determining contributions of specific circulating exosomes is great importance. In present study, exosomal are identified diabetic patients assessed for their roles context healing. A significant upregulation miR‐20b‐5p observed isolated type 2 mellitus (T2DM), this miRNA able suppress human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis via regulation Wnt9b/β‐catenin signaling. It found that application either or sites sufficient slow angiogenesis. mice, it knocking out significantly enhances promotes Together, these findings thus provide strong evidence highly enriched T2DM transferred cells vascular endothelium, where targets Wnt9b signaling negatively regulate functionality

Language: Английский

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Salivary Exosomes: Emerging Roles in Systemic Disease

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 633 - 643

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Saliva, which contains biological information, is considered a valuable diagnostic tool for local and systemic diseases conditions because, similar to blood, it important molecules like DNA, RNA, proteins.Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles 30-100 nm in diameter with substantial functions, including intracellular communication signalling.These vesicles, present bodily fluids, saliva, released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) the cellular plasma membrane.Salivary diagnosis has notable advantages, include noninvasiveness, ease collection, absence coagulation, content as plasma, well increased patient compliance compared other approaches.However, investigation roles salivary exosomes still its early years.In this review, we first describe characteristics endocytosis secretion exosomes, database bioinformatics analysis exosomes.Then, strategies isolation from human saliva emerging role potential biomarkers oral diseases.Given ever-growing defining their functions understanding specific mechanisms will provide novel insights into possible applications treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Advances and Utility of the Human Plasma Proteome

Journal of Proteome Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 5241 - 5263

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

The study of proteins circulating in blood offers tremendous opportunities to diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. With recent technological advances and the urgent need understand effects COVID-19, proteomic analysis blood-derived serum plasma has become even more important for studying human biology pathophysiology. Here we provide views perspectives about developments possible clinical applications that use mass-spectrometry(MS)- affinity-based methods. We discuss examples where proteomics contributed valuable insights into SARS-CoV-2 infections, aging, hemostasis offered by combining with genetic data. As a contribution Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Plasma Project (HPPP), present PeptideAtlas build 2021-07 comprises 4395 canonical 1482 additional nonredundant detected 240 MS-based experiments. In addition, report new Extracellular Vesicle 2021-06, which five studies 2757 extracellular vesicles blood, 74% (2047) are common PeptideAtlas. Our overview summarizes advances, impactful applications, ongoing challenges translating utility precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(43), P. 6670 - 6704

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

In this review, we have summarised the biogenesis, biological significance, isolation and detection technologies of four widely known circulating biomarkers namely tumour cells, tumor specific DNA, microRNA, exosomes.

Language: Английский

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