Amoebae as training grounds for microbial pathogens

mBio, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(8)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024

Grazing of amoebae on microorganisms represents one the oldest predator-prey dynamic relationships in nature. It a genetic "melting pot" for an ancient and continuous multi-directional inter- intra-kingdom horizontal gene transfer between its preys, intracellular microbial residents, endosymbionts, giant viruses, which has shaped evolution, selection, adaptation microbes that evade degradation by predatory amoeba. Unicellular phagocytic are thought to be ancestors macrophages with highly conserved eukaryotic processes. Selection evolution within amoeba through their target processes have facilitated expansion host range mammals, causing various infectious diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Campylobacter jejuni Surface-Bound Protease HtrA, but Not the Secreted Protease nor Protease in Shed Membrane Vesicles, Disrupts Epithelial Cell-to-Cell Junctions

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(3), С. 224 - 224

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Fundamental functions of the intestinal epithelium include digestion food, absorption nutrients, and its ability to act as first barrier against intruding microbes. Campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen accounting for substantial portion bacterial foodborne illnesses. The germ colonizes intestines birds mainly transmitted humans through consumption contaminated poultry meat. In human gastrointestinal tract, bacterium triggers campylobacteriosis that can progress serious secondary disorders, including reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease Guillain–Barré syndrome. We recently discovered C. serine protease HtrA disrupts epithelial via cleavage tight adherens junction components occludin, claudin-8 E-cadherin. However, it unknown whether damage mediated by secreted soluble enzyme, contained in shed outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) or another mechanism has yet be identified. present study, we investigated recombinant and/or purified OMVs induce junctional polarized cells compared live bacteria. By using electron confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, show HtrA-expressing bacteria trigger efficient cell damage, but not HtrA-containing OMVs, even at high concentrations far exceeding physiological levels. Instead, found only with active protein biosynthesis effectively cleave proteins, which followed paracellular transmigration layer. These findings new light on pathogenic activities virulence strategies jejuni.

Язык: Английский

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A significant antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of chitosan-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(1), С. 101918 - 101918

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023

Chitosan is known to exert antimicrobial activity without the need for any chemical modification; however, new derivatives of chitosan can be created target multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, (CS) was cross-linked with sodium tripolyphosphate form nanoparticles, which were then coated polyacrylic acid (PAA). The SEM images revealed that CS-PAA nanoparticles had spherical shapes smooth surfaces and size dried approximately 222 nm. Biofilm formation significantly inhibited by 0.5 mg/mL CS-PAA. In-situ optical microscopy showed bacterial biofilm in Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli after a single treatment 40 μg. Additionally, 20 µg demonstrated antibacterial against growth C. P. E. notable inhibitory zones 9, 12, 13 mm, respectively (P<0.01). development novel ecofriendly method preparation through an interaction PAA shows promise tool combat infections validates effective antibiofilm properties antibiotic pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotic resistance, plasmids, and virulence-associated markers in human strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated in Italy

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Campylobacteriosis, a prevalent foodborne gastrointestinal infection in Europe, is primarily caused by Campylobacter jejuni and coli , with rising global concerns over antimicrobial resistance these species. This study comprehensively investigates 133 human-origin spp. strains (102 C. 31 ) collected Italy from 2013 to 2021. The predominant Multilocus Sequence Typing Clonal complexes (CCs) were ST-21 CC ST-206 ST-828 . Ciprofloxacin tetracycline resistance, mainly attributed GyrA (T86I) mutation tet (O) presence, prevalent, while erythromycin was associated 23S rRNA gene (A2075G), particularly exhibiting multidrug-resistant pattern CipTE. Notable disparities virulence factors among observed, higher abundance compared Notably, specific sequence types, including ST-21, ST-5018, ST-1263, demonstrated significantly elevated counts of genes. finding underscores the significance considering both species strain-level variations factor profiles, shedding light on potential differences pathogenicity clinical outcomes distinct lineages. plasmids classified into three groups comprising pVir-like pTet-like families, diversity importance early detection through Whole Genome Sequencing identify emergent virulence, resistance/virulence plasmids, new markers. approach provides actionable public health data, supporting development robust surveillance programs Italy.

Язык: Английский

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Campylobacter jejuni virulence factors: update on emerging issues and trends

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Campylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. infections have range short- long-term sequelae such as irritable bowel syndrome Guillain Barre syndrome. triggers disease by employing molecular strategies which enable it colonise the gut, invade epithelium, persist intracellularly avoid detection host immune response. The objective this review explore summarise recent advances in understanding factors involved colonisation, invasion cells, collective quorum sensing-mediated behaviours persistence. Understanding mechanisms that underpin pathogenicity will future development effective preventative approaches vaccines against pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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Whole genome sequence-based characterization of Campylobacter isolated from broiler carcasses over a three-year period in a big poultry slaughterhouse reveals high genetic diversity and a recurring genomic lineage of Campylobacter jejuni

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 119, С. 105578 - 105578

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

Campylobacter is among the most frequent agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in Europe and primarily linked to consumption contaminated food. The aim this study was assess genomic diversity identify antimicrobial resistance virulence genes 155 isolated from broiler carcasses (neck skin samples) a large-scale Swiss poultry abattoir over three-year period. Samples originated broilers three different types farming systems (particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS), free-range farms, organic farms). jejuni (n = 127) coli 28) were analysed using whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach (MiniSeq; Illumina). Sequence (STs) determined silico WGS data isolates assigned into complex (CTs) cgMLST SeqSphere+ scheme. Antimicrobial identified Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI), factor database (VFDB). A high degree genetic observed. Many sequence (C. ST19, ST21, ST48, ST50, ST122, ST262 C. ST827) occurred more than once distributed throughout period, irrespective year isolation type. determinants included blaOXA tet(O) genes, as well T86I substitution within GyrA. Virulence known play role human infection such wlaN, cstIII, neuA1, neuB1, neuC1. Subtyping occurrence highly clonal population ST21 that period farms with geographically locations systems. rate observed carcass consistent previous studies. identification persisting subtype suggests slaughterhouse may represent an environment which survive, however, ecological reservoir potentially maintaining clone remains unknown.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, resistance and virulence determinants of Campylobacter jejuni in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

One Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20, С. 100990 - 100990

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is recognized as a serious food contaminant that extensively results in foodborne diseases. Numerous studies have been conducted on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni, but there lack comprehensive analysis published data. This study provides overview epidemiology, resistance, virulence determinants China through systematic review meta-analysis. The levels from low to high were humans (5.2 %, 95 % CI: 4.2-6.4 %), foods (12.5 9.7-15.6 animals (15.4 13.2-17.6 environment (17.8 9.7-27.7 respectively. Furthermore, exhibits rates antibiotics such cefoperazone, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefradine, tetracycline. overall multi-drug rate (MDR) was 72.8 (95 62.4-82.2 indicating problem with MDR. most has increased last 20 years. Among main gyrA_T86I tet(O) had higher pooled 94.8 88.7-99.0 %) 79.0 66.9-89.2 virulence-related genes shown adhesion (cadF, racR), invasion (ciaB, iamA, ceuE), toxin (cdtB, cdtC). In summary, regional characteristics, this bacterium especially animal sources remains China. Comprehensive monitoring control measures for pathogen are urgently needed ensure safety public health.

Язык: Английский

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Galactomannan and vicilin from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) impair pathogen-host interaction of Campylobacter jejuni with intestinal cells via JlpA

Planta Medica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of severe enteritis worldwide. Identification natural products against C. that inhibit early-stage host-pathogen interactions a promising strategy, particularly by blocking bacterial adhesion to and invasion into host cells. This should help reduce load in vector animals. From seeds Trigonella foenum-graecum, an aqueous extract (fenugreek high molecular fraction) high-molecular compounds (polysaccharides, proteins) was obtained. The polysaccharide characterized as galactomannan (1,4-mannose backbone, substituted at O-6 with single galactose residues oligosaccharide chains). protein part consisted 50 kDa vicilin main compound. fenugreek fraction did not influence proliferation viability Caco-2 cells (1 - 1000 µg/mL). reduced significantly (500 µg/mL), which due interaction adhesin JlpA, preventing this outer membrane its ligand HSP90α (IC50 = 23.4 Bacterial significantly. Both polysaccharides well contribute observed antiadhesive effect. As vicilin-like proteins are widely found plants from Fabaceae family, vicilin-enriched preparation Pisum sativum investigated for activity. These findings suggest or vicilin-rich plant extracts could be used develop novel strategies control infections food-producing animals, ultimately helping decrease prevalence campylobacteriosis humans.

Язык: Английский

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Outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria and its correlation with pathogenesis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

There is a widespread distribution of gram-negative bacteria worldwide, which are responsible for the deaths numerous patients each year. The illnesses they cause can be localized and systemic, these possess several key virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity. In recent years, distinct mechanisms pathogenesis have evolved remain largely unknown scientists medical experts. Among these, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) undoubtedly one most significant influencing virulence. OMVs contain various bacterial compounds diverse effects on host organisms immune system, potentially exacerbating disease inflammation while evading responses. This review comprehensively examines role in pathogenesis, interaction with cells, potential biomedical applications. Understanding molecular governing OMV biogenesis function could pave way novel antimicrobial strategies therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Direct RNA sequencing reveals chicken post-transcriptional modifications in response to Campylobacter jejuni inoculation

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), is a leading cause of food-borne pathogen, poses significant threats to poultry industry and public health. Post-transcriptional modifications play crucial roles in regulating the immune system cell functions. However, epigenetic regulation response C. inoculation chicken remains elusive. The RNA transcriptional profiles base modification alterations cecum following were characterized using direct sequencing analyzed by bio-informatics expression analysis. We identified 40,755 transcripts 23,877 genes cecum. Of which, 10,503 novel across 8,560 identified. number significantly differential alternative splicing events poly(A) tails was 192 426, respectively (P < 0.05). Particularly, 121 differentially expressed which enriched defense gram-negative bacteria, positive interleukin-6 production, innate response, macrophage activation Among these, 29 contained m5C sites, 37 m6A sites. containing m6A/m5C displayed higher levels shorter than those without modifications. Functional analysis these modules including (DETs), with tail length, modified DETs, DETs showed that negative interferon-beta production Specially, ENSGALT00000020390 (novel transcript), ENSGALT00000053962 (IFIH1-202) enriched. This study provided post-transcriptional profile post inoculation, splicing, ENSGALG00000012480 IFIH1 could be potential candidate as markers inoculation. findings provide new insights into complexity data resource epitranscriptome, enhancing our understanding on

Язык: Английский

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