Endocrine Regulation of Lifespan in Insect Diapause

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022

Diapause is a physiological adaptation to conditions that are unfavorable for growth or reproduction. During diapause, animals become long-lived, stress-resistant, developmentally static, and non-reproductive, in the case of diapausing adults. has been observed at all developmental stages both vertebrates invertebrates. In adults, diapause traits weaken into adaptations such as hibernation, estivation, dormancy, torpor, which represent evolutionarily diverse versions traditional traits. These regulated through modifications endocrine program guiding development. insects, this typically includes changes molting hormones, well metabolic signals limit while skewing organism’s energetic demands toward conservation. While much work done characterize these modifications, interactions between hormones their downstream consequences incompletely understood. The current state endocrinology reviewed here highlight relevance beyond its use model study seasonality Specifically, insect an emerging mechanisms determine lifespan. induction represents dramatic change normal progression age. Hormones juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, prothoracicotropic hormone well-known modulate plasticity. diapause—and by extension, cessation aging—is coordinated pathways. However, research directly connecting biology aging lacking. This review explores connections perspective signaling. fields suggests appreciable overlap will greatly contribute our understanding lifespan determination.

Язык: Английский

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Regulating metabolism to shape immune function: Lessons from Drosophila

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 138, С. 128 - 141

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Synaptic connectome of theDrosophilacircadian clock

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2023

The circadian clock and its output pathways play a pivotal role in optimizing daily processes. To obtain novel insights into how diverse rhythmic physiology behaviors are orchestrated, we have generated the first comprehensive connectivity map of an animal using Drosophila FlyWire brain connectome. Intriguingly, identified additional dorsal neurons, thus showing that network contains ∼240 instead 150 neurons. We also revealed extensive contralateral synaptic within discovered indirect light input to Interestingly, observed sparse monosynaptic between neurons down-stream higher-order centers neurosecretory cells known regulate behavior physiology. Therefore, integrated single-cell transcriptomics receptor mapping decipher putative paracrine peptidergic signaling by Our analyses neuropeptides expressed suggest significantly enriches interconnectivity network.

Язык: Английский

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Selective integration of diverse taste inputs within a single taste modality

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2023

A fundamental question in sensory processing is how different channels of input are processed to regulate behavior. Different may converge onto common downstream pathways drive the same behaviors, or they activate separate distinct behaviors. We investigated this Drosophila bitter taste system, which contains diverse bitter-sensing cells residing organs. First, we optogenetically activated subsets neurons within each organ. These elicited broad and highly overlapping behavioral effects, suggesting that pathways, but also observed differences argue for biased convergence. Consistent with these results, transsynaptic tracing revealed organs connect connectivity. one type neuron projects higher brain. integrate from multiple specific taste-related then traced circuits, providing first glimpse into Together, results reveal inputs selectively integrated early circuit, enabling pooling information, while circuit diverges have roles.

Язык: Английский

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Neuropeptidergic regulation of insect diapause by the circadian clock

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63, С. 101198 - 101198

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2024

Diapause is an endocrine-mediated strategy used by insects to survive seasons of adverse environmental conditions. Insects living in temperate zones are regularly exposed such conditions the form winter. To winter, they must prepare for it long before arrives. A reliable indicator impending winter shortening day length. measure length, need their circadian clock as internal time reference. In this article, I provide overview current state knowledge on neuropeptides that link diapause inducing hormonal brain centers.

Язык: Английский

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Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of Insulin-Producing Cells in Drosophila

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also feedforward signals from motor circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how inputs control activity of main source Drosophila – population Insulin-Producing Cells (IPCs) located brain. IPCs functionally analogous mammalian pancreatic beta cells, their location makes them accessible for vivo recordings intact animals. We characterized functional using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, an optogenetics-based ‘intrinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that IPC expresses variety receptors neuromodulators classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, exhibit heterogeneous profiles, suggesting can modulated differentially. This is supported electrophysiological IPCs, which performed while activating populations modulatory neurons. analysis revealed some have effects on activity, such they inhibit one subset exciting another. Monitoring calcium across uncovered these responses occur simultaneously. Certain shifted towards excited state, others it inhibition. Taken together, provide comprehensive, multi-level neuromodulation insulinergic system .

Язык: Английский

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Connectomic analysis of taste circuits in Drosophila

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Abstract Our sense of taste is critical for regulating food consumption. The fruit fly Drosophila represents a highly tractable model to investigate mechanisms processing, but circuits beyond sensory neurons are largely unidentified. Here, we use whole-brain connectome the organization circuits. We trace pathways from four populations that detect different modalities and project subesophageal zone (SEZ), primary region brain. find second-order primarily located within SEZ segregated by modality, whereas third-order have more projections outside overlap between modalities. Taste out innervate regions implicated in feeding, olfactory learning. analyze interconnections pathways, characterize modality-dependent differences neuron properties, identify other types inputs onto computational simulations relate neuronal connectivity predicted activity. These studies provide insight into architecture

Язык: Английский

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Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of insulin-producing cells in Drosophila

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also feedforward signals from motor circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how inputs control activity of main source Drosophila – population insulin-producing cells (IPCs) located brain. IPCs functionally analogous mammalian pancreatic beta cells, their location makes them accessible for vivo recordings intact animals. We characterized functional using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, an optogenetics-based ‘intrinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that IPC expresses variety receptors neuromodulators classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, exhibit heterogeneous profiles, suggesting can modulated differentially. This is supported electrophysiological IPCs, which performed while activating populations modulatory neurons. analysis revealed some have effects on activity, such they inhibit one subset exciting another. Monitoring calcium across uncovered these responses occur simultaneously. Certain shifted towards excited state, others it inhibition. Taken together, provide comprehensive, multi-level neuromodulation insulinergic system .

Язык: Английский

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Behavioral state-dependent modulation of insulin-producing cells in Drosophila

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(3), С. 449 - 463.e5

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Anti-diuretic hormone ITP signals via a guanylate cyclase receptor to modulate systemic homeostasis in Drosophila

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

Insects have evolved a variety of neurohormones that enable them to maintain their nutrient and osmotic homeostasis. While the identities functions various insect metabolic diuretic hormones been well-established, characterization an anti-diuretic signaling system is conserved across most insects still lacking. To address this, here we characterized ion transport peptide (ITP) in Drosophila . The ITP gene encodes five transcript variants which generate three different isoforms: amidated (ITPa) two ITP-like (ITPL1 ITPL2) isoforms. Using combination anatomical mapping single-cell transcriptome analyses, comprehensively expression all isoforms nervous peripheral tissues. Our analyses reveal widespread Moreover, show ITPa released during dehydration recombinant inhibits peptide-induced renal tubule secretion ex vivo , thus confirming its role as hormone. phylogenetic-driven approach assay, identified functionally Gyc76C, membrane guanylate cyclase, elusive receptor. Thus, knockdown Gyc76C tubules abolishes inhibitory effect on hormone secretion. Extensive reveals it highly expressed larval adult tissues associated with osmoregulation (renal rectum) homeostasis (fat body). Consistent this expression, impacts tolerance ionic stresses, whereas specifically fat body feeding, behaviors. We also complement receptor experiments overexpression neurons. Interestingly, ITPa-Gyc76C pathways deciphered are reminiscent atrial natriuretic mammals. Lastly, utilized connectomics transcriptomics identify synaptic paracrine upstream downstream ITP-expressing Taken together, our systematic establishes tractable decipher how small set neurons integrates diverse inputs orchestrate systemic

Язык: Английский

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