The
effects
of
environmental
stress
on
animal
life
are
gaining
importance
with
climate
change.
Diapause
is
a
dormancy
program
that
occurs
in
response
to
an
adverse
environment,
followed
by
resumption
development
and
reproduction
upon
the
return
favorable
conditions.
complex
trait,
so
we
leveraged
Drosophila
genetic
reference
panel
(DGRP)
lines
conducted
Genome-Wide
Association
Study
(GWAS)
characterize
basis
diapause.
We
assessed
post-diapause
non-diapause
fecundity
across
all
DGRP
lines.
GWAS
revealed
546
variants,
encompassing
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms,
insertions
deletions
associated
fecundity.
identified
291
candidate
diapause-associated
genes,
40
which
had
previously
been
89
candidates
were
more
than
one
SNP.
Gene
network
analysis
indicated
genes
primarily
linked
neuronal
reproductive
system
development.
Similarly,
comparison
results
from
other
fly
greatest
overlap
olfactory-behavior-associated
fecundity-and-lifespan-associated
genes.
An
RNAi
screen
top
two
Dip-
γ
Scribbler,
be
required
during
recovery
for
complemented
test
neurons
successful
found
although
amputation
antenna
little
no
effect
lifespan,
it
reduced
diapause
lifespan
postdiapause
further
show
olfactory
receptor
temperature-sensing
Our
provide
insights
into
molecular,
cellular,
adult
Drosophila.
Journal of Experimental Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
226(4)
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023
ABSTRACT
Diapause,
a
stage-specific
developmental
arrest,
is
widely
exploited
by
insects
to
bridge
unfavorable
seasons.
Considerable
progress
has
been
made
in
understanding
the
ecology,
physiology
and
evolutionary
implications
of
insect
diapause,
yet
intriguing
questions
remain.
A
more
complete
diapause
processes
on
Earth
requires
better
geographic
spread
investigations,
including
work
tropics
at
high
latitudes.
Questions
surrounding
energy
management
trade-offs
between
non-diapause
remain
understudied.
We
know
little
about
how
maternal
effects
direct
response,
regulators
prolonged
are
also
poorly
understood.
Numerous
factors
that
were
recently
linked
still
waiting
be
placed
regulatory
network
leading
from
photoreception
engagement
program.
These
include
epigenetic
small
noncoding
RNAs,
emerging
data
suggest
role
for
microbiome
regulation.
Another
feature
complexity
resulting
diverse
suite
responses
comprise
syndrome.
Select
transcription
likely
serve
as
master
switches
turning
these
responses,
but
we
far
full
complexity.
The
richness
species
displaying
offers
platform
seeking
common
components
‘diapause
toolbox’.
Across
latitudes,
during
invasion
events
changing
climate,
grand
opportunities
probe
change
speciation.
At
practical
level,
can
manipulated
control
long-term
storage.
Diapausing
contain
treasure
trove
pharmacological
compounds
offer
promising
models
human
health.
Biochemical Society Transactions,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
51(5), С. 1847 - 1856
Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2023
Diapause
is
a
protective
mechanism
that
many
organisms
deploy
to
overcome
environmental
adversities.
extends
lifespan
and
fertility
enhance
the
reproductive
success
survival
of
species.
Although
diapause
states
have
been
known
employed
for
commercial
purposes,
example
in
silk
industry,
detailed
molecular
cell
biological
studies
are
an
exciting
frontier.
Understanding
diapause-like
mechanisms
will
shed
light
on
pathways
steer
through
adverse
conditions.
One
hope
understanding
support
might
be
leveraged
extend
and/or
health
span
humans
as
well
species
threatened
by
climate
change.
In
addition,
recent
findings
suggest
cancer
cells
persist
after
treatment
mimic
states,
implying
these
programs
may
facilitate
from
chemotherapy
cause
relapse.
Here,
we
review
underlying
variety
organisms,
discuss
supporting
tumor
persister
cells.
ABSTRACT
Female
insects
can
enter
reproductive
diapause,
a
state
of
suspended
egg
development,
to
conserve
energy
under
adverse
environments.
In
many
insects,
including
the
fruit
fly,
Drosophila
melanogaster,
also
frequently
called
dormancy,
is
induced
low-temperature
and
short-day
conditions
by
downregulation
juvenile
hormone
(JH)
biosynthesis
in
corpus
allatum
(CA).
this
study,
we
demonstrate
that
neuropeptide
Diuretic
31
(DH31)
produced
brain
neurons
project
into
CA
plays
an
essential
role
regulating
dormancy
suppressing
JH
adult
D.
melanogaster.
The
expresses
gene
encoding
DH31
receptor,
which
required
for
DH31-triggered
elevation
intracellular
cAMP
CA.
Knocking
down
Dh31
these
CA-projecting
or
receptor
suppresses
decrease
titer,
normally
observed
dormancy-inducing
conditions,
leading
abnormal
yolk
accumulation
ovaries.
Our
findings
provide
first
molecular
genetic
evidence
demonstrating
peptidergic
play
biosynthesis.
Insects,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(7), С. 621 - 621
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023
Hermetic
storage
methods
are
effective
at
protecting
grain
against
insect
pests.
Biotic
and
abiotic
factors
influence
oxygen
depletion
during
hermetic
storage.
We
investigated
the
dual
effects
of
temperature
initial
pest
infestation
level
on
airtight
Glass
jars
filled
with
cowpea
were
infested
(25
or
50
adult
bruchids),
then
hermetically
sealed
stored
20,
30,
40
°C
for
30
days.
Oxygen
depletion,
relative
humidity,
monitored.
Germination,
moisture
content,
damage
weight
loss,
emergence
assessed.
varied
by
level.
However,
was
optimum
(reaching
5%
less
in
10
days)
regardless
No
changes
observed
germination
minimal
damage,
loss
(<1%).
Only
20
insects
able
to
survive
after
days
emerged
45
post-treatment
under
normoxia.
Therefore,
containers
should
remain
closed
more
than
minimize
re-infestation
areas
where
average
ambient
temperatures
rarely
exceed
23
°C.
Further
research
is
needed
assess
effect
low
survival
beyond
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(27)
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
To
survive
adverse
environments,
many
animals
enter
a
dormant
state
such
as
hibernation,
dauer,
or
diapause.
Various
Drosophila
species
undergo
adult
reproductive
diapause
in
response
to
cool
temperatures
and/or
short
day-length.
While
flies
are
less
active
during
diapause,
it
is
unclear
how
environmental
conditions
affect
circadian
rhythms
and
sleep.
Here
we
show
that
diapause-inducing
temperatures,
melanogaster
exhibit
altered
activity
profiles,
including
severely
reduced
morning
an
advanced
evening
peak.
Consequently,
the
have
single
peak
at
time
similar
when
nondiapausing
take
siesta.
Temperatures
≤15
°C,
rather
than
photoperiod,
primarily
drive
this
behavior.
At
rapidly
deep-sleep
lacks
sleep
cycles
of
higher
require
high
levels
stimulation
for
arousal.
Furthermore,
25
prefer
siesta
shade,
preference
virtually
eliminated
10
°C.
Resting
shade
driven
by
aversion
blue
light
sensed
Rhodopsin
7
outside
eyes.
Flies
°C
neuronal
markers
elevated
pressure,
increased
expression
Bruchpilot
Ca
2+
R5
ellipsoid
body
neurons.
Therefore,
pressure
might
overcome
aversion.
Thus,
same
cause
arrest,
preserve
germline
stem
cells,
extend
lifespan,
D.
prone
deep
dramatically
altered,
yet
rhythmic,
daily
patterns.
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
118(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
primary
vector
of
the
West
Nile
virus,
Culex
pipiens
,
undergoes
reproductive
dormancy
during
adverse
winter
season.
While
our
current
understanding
has
mainly
focused
on
cellular
signals
and
phenotypic
shifts
occurring
at
a
global
scale
diapause,
information
tissue‐specific
transcriptomic
changes
remains
limited.
This
knowledge
gap
is
major
challenge
in
interpreting
regulatory
mechanisms
tissue
level.
To
address
this,
present
work
utilized
RNA‐seq
technology
to
investigate
transcriptional
head
that
house
brain
crucial
endocrinal
organs
such
as
corpora
allata.
We
obtained
RNA
samples
from
heads
diapausing
nondiapausing
female
mosquitoes
two
specific
time
intervals,
ZT0
ZT16,
then
subjected
them
sequencing.
Our
results
revealed
differences
differentially
expressed
genes
between
diapause
non‐diapause
highlighting
diel
variations
gene
expression.
also
selected
twelve
associated
with
phenotype
examined
transcript
abundance
six
different
points
over
24
h.
qRT‐PCR
analysis
showed
similar
up‐
downregulation
transcripts
nondiapause
phenotypes
thus
validating
RNA‐seq.
In
summary,
study
identified
new
differentiation
their
expression,
potentially
linking
photoperiod
seasonal
insects.
newly
presented
will
significantly
advance
head‐specific
for
insect
diapause.
The
effects
of
environmental
stress
on
animal
life
are
gaining
importance
with
climate
change.
Diapause
is
a
dormancy
program
that
occurs
in
response
to
an
adverse
environment,
followed
by
resumption
development
and
reproduction
upon
the
return
favorable
conditions.
complex
trait,
so
we
leveraged
Drosophila
genetic
reference
panel
(DGRP)
lines
conducted
Genome-Wide
Association
Study
(GWAS)
characterize
basis
diapause.
We
assessed
post-diapause
non-diapause
fecundity
across
193
DGRP
lines.
GWAS
revealed
546
variants,
encompassing
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms,
insertions
deletions
associated
fecundity.
identified
291
candidate
diapause-associated
genes,
40
which
had
previously
been
diapause,
89
were
more
than
one
SNP.
Gene
network
analysis
indicated
genes
primarily
linked
neuronal
reproductive
system
development.
Similarly,
comparison
results
from
other
fly
greatest
overlap
olfactory-behavior-associated
fecundity-and-lifespan-associated
genes.
An
RNAi
screen
selected
candidates
two
Dip-𝛾
Scribbler,
be
required
during
recovery
for
complemented
test
neurons
successful
found
although
amputation
antenna
little
no
effect
lifespan,
it
reduced
diapause
lifespan
postdiapause
further
show
olfactory
receptor
temperature-sensing
Our
provide
insights
into
molecular,
cellular,
adult
.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Insect
diapause
is
a
vital
survival
strategy
that
enables
insects
to
enter
state
of
suspended
development,
allowing
them
withstand
unfavorable
environmental
conditions.
During
diapause,
significantly
lower
their
metabolic
rate
and
build
up
energy
reserves,
which
they
gradually
utilize
throughout
this
period.
The
regulation
involves
complex
interaction
hormones
enzymes.
Juvenile
(JHs)
affect
adults
larvae
differently;
in
adults,
the
absence
JH
typically
triggers
while
larvae,
presence
encourages
state.
Ecdysteroids,
regulate
molting
metamorphosis,
are
carefully
controlled
prevent
premature
development.
Reduced
signaling
insulin-like
peptides
enhances
stress
resistance
promotes
storage.
Several
enzymes
play
crucial
roles
adjustments
necessary
for
diapause.
These
include
degradation
JH,
ecdysteroidogenic
pathway,
metabolism
fatty
acids,
glycogen,
cryoprotectants,
responses.
Understanding
diapause's
molecular
biochemical
mechanisms
essential
fundamental
entomological
research
practical
applications.
Despite
recent
advances,
many
aspects
regulation,
especially
interactions
among
hormonal
pathways
role
enzymes,
remain
poorly
understood.
This
review
analyzes
approximately
250
papers
consolidate
current
knowledge
on
enzymatic
It
offers
comprehensive
overview
key
processes
based
studies
suggests
future
directions
fill
gaps
our
understanding
significant
biological
phenomenon.
also
lays
groundwork
enhancing
pest
control
strategies
ecological
conservation
by
deepening
mechanisms.
