Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2018
Plant
roots
are
major
transmitters
of
atmospheric
carbon
into
soil.
The
rhizosphere,
the
soil
volume
around
living
influenced
by
root
activities,
represents
hotspots
for
organic
inputs,
microbial
activity,
and
turnover.
Rhizosphere
processes
remain
poorly
understood
observation
key
mechanisms
transfer
protection
in
intact
rhizosphere
microenvironments
challenging.
We
deciphered
fate
photosynthesis-derived
(OC)
wheat
combining
stable
isotope
labeling
at
field
scale
with
high-resolution
3D-imaging.
used
nano-scale
secondary
ion
mass
spectrometry
focus
beam-scanning
electron
microscopy
to
generate
insights
nanometer
scale.
In
immature
roots,
circulated
through
apoplastic
pathway,
via
cell
walls,
from
stele
cortex.
was
transferred
substantial
communuties,
mainly
represented
bacteria
surrounding
peripheral
cells.
Iron
oxides
formed
bridges
between
bigger
mineral
particles,
such
as
quartz,
surrounded
microaggregates
close
surface.
Some
were
also
intimately
associated
fungal
hyphae
Based
on
these
results,
we
propose
a
conceptual
model
depicting
biogeochemical
interfaces
forefront
growing
roots.
observed
complex
interplays
vectors
(roots,
fungi,
bacteria),
transferring
plant-derived
OC
root-free
stabilizing
agents
(iron
oxides,
microorganism
products),
potentially
protecting
within
rhizosphere.
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
48(1), С. 419 - 445
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2017
Soil
organic
matter
(SOM)
anchors
global
terrestrial
productivity
and
food
fiber
supply.
SOM
retains
water
soil
nutrients
stores
more
carbon
than
do
plants
the
atmosphere
combined.
is
also
decomposed
by
microbes,
returning
CO
2
,
a
greenhouse
gas,
to
atmosphere.
Unfortunately,
stocks
have
been
widely
lost
or
degraded
through
land
use
changes
unsustainable
forest
agricultural
practices.
To
understand
its
structure
function
maintain
restore
SOM,
we
need
better
appreciation
of
(SOC)
saturation
capacity
retention
above-
belowground
inputs
in
SOM.
Our
analysis
suggests
root
are
approximately
five
times
likely
an
equivalent
mass
aboveground
litter
be
stabilized
as
Microbes,
particularly
fungi
bacteria,
faunal
webs
strongly
influence
decomposition
at
shallower
depths,
whereas
mineral
associations
drive
stabilization
depths
greater
∼30
cm.
Global
uncertainties
amounts
locations
include
extent
wetland,
peatland,
permafrost
systems
factors
that
constrain
such
shallow
bedrock.
In
consideration
these
uncertainties,
estimate
SOC
3
m
between
2,270
2,770
Pg,
respectively,
but
could
much
700
Pg
smaller.
Sedimentary
deposits
deeper
contain
>500
additional
SOC.
Soils
hold
largest
biogeochemically
active
pool
on
Earth
critical
for
stabilizing
atmospheric
concentrations.
Nonetheless,
pressures
soils
continue
from
management,
including
increasing
bioenergy
production.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2021
Abstract
The
largest
terrestrial
organic
carbon
pool,
in
soils,
is
regulated
by
an
intricate
connection
between
plant
inputs,
microbial
activity,
and
the
soil
matrix.
This
manifested
how
microorganisms,
key
players
transforming
plant-derived
into
carbon,
are
controlled
physical
arrangement
of
inorganic
particles.
Here
we
conduct
incubation
isotopically
labelled
litter
to
study
effects
structure
on
fate
litter-derived
matter.
While
activity
fungal
growth
enhanced
coarser-textured
soil,
show
that
occlusion
matter
aggregates
formation
organo-mineral
associations
occur
concurrently
fresh
surfaces
regardless
structure.
These
two
mechanisms—the
most
prominent
processes
contributing
persistence
matter—occur
directly
at
plant–soil
interfaces,
where
constitute
a
nucleus
build-up
persistence.
We
extend
notion
litter,
i.e.,
particulate
matter,
from
solely
easily
available
labile
substrate,
functional
component
which
determined.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2017
Soils
represent
the
largest
carbon
reservoir
within
terrestrial
ecosystems.
The
mechanisms
controlling
amount
of
stored
and
its
feedback
to
climate
system,
however,
remain
poorly
resolved.
Global
models
assume
that
cycling
in
upland
soils
is
entirely
driven
by
aerobic
respiration;
impact
anaerobic
microsites
prevalent
even
well-drained
missed
this
conception.
Here,
we
show
are
important
regulators
soil
persistence,
shifting
microbial
metabolism
less
efficient
respiration,
selectively
protecting
otherwise
bioavailable,
reduced
organic
compounds
such
as
lipids
waxes
from
decomposition.
Further,
conditions
leads
a
10-fold
increase
volume-specific
mineralization
rate,
illustrating
sensitivity
anaerobically
protected
disturbance.
vulnerability
future
or
land
use
change
thus
constitutes
yet
unrecognized
carbon-climate
should
be
incorporated
into
ecosystem
models.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10(1)
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2019
Abstract
Increasing
the
potential
of
soil
to
store
carbon
(C)
is
an
acknowledged
and
emphasized
strategy
for
capturing
atmospheric
CO
2
.
Well-recognized
approaches
C
accretion
include
reducing
disturbance,
increasing
plant
biomass
inputs,
enhancing
diversity.
Yet
experimental
evidence
often
fails
support
anticipated
gains,
suggesting
that
our
integrated
understanding
remains
insufficient.
Here
we
use
a
unique
combination
X-ray
micro-tomography
micro-scale
enzyme
mapping
demonstrate
first
time
plant-stimulated
pore
formation
appears
be
major,
hitherto
unrecognized,
determinant
whether
new
inputs
are
stored
or
lost
atmosphere.
Unlike
monocultures,
diverse
communities
favor
development
30–150
µm
pores.
Such
pores
micro-environments
associated
with
higher
activities,
greater
abundance
such
translates
into
spatial
footprint
microorganisms
make
on
consequently
storage
capacity.
Journal of Environmental Quality,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
47(4), С. 758 - 765
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2018
Grazing
lands
support
the
livelihoods
of
millions
people
across
nearly
one-half
globe.
Soils
are
backbone
stability
and
resilience
in
these
systems.
To
determine
livestock
grazing
impacts
on
soil
health,
we
conducted
a
global
meta-analysis
organic
carbon
(SOC),
total
N,
C/N
ratio,
bulk
density
responses
to
strategies
(continuous,
rotational,
no
grazing)
intensities
(heavy,
moderate,
light
from
64
studies
around
world.
Across
all
intensities,
continuous
significantly
reduced
SOC,
C/N,
N
compared
with
grazing.
Soil
compaction
(i.e.,
increased
density)
was
greater
under
both
rotational
grazing;
however,
had
lower
than
Rotational
SOC
not
different
The
positive
could
create
climate
change
mitigation
opportunities.
strategy
comparisons
were
minimally
conditioned
by
aridity
class
arid,
subhumid,
humid);
complete
observations
notably
limited
or
missing
for
many
comparisons.
For
comparisons,
found
that
management
can
influence
function
health
outcomes;
site-specific
environmental
factors
play
important
moderating
roles.
Greater
coordination
regional,
national,
efforts,
as
well
consistent
guidelines
evaluation,
would
help
overcome
knowledge
gaps
vastly
improve
our
collective
understanding
providing
policy
impacts.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2017
Abstract
Moisture
response
functions
for
soil
microbial
carbon
(C)
mineralization
remain
a
critical
uncertainty
predicting
ecosystem-climate
feedbacks.
Theory
and
models
posit
that
C
declines
under
elevated
moisture
associated
anaerobic
conditions,
leading
to
accumulation.
Yet,
iron
(Fe)
reduction
potentially
releases
protected
C,
providing
an
under-appreciated
mechanism
destabilization
moisture.
Here
we
incubate
Mollisols
from
ecosystems
3
/C
4
plant
rotations
at
levels
above
field
capacity
over
5
months.
Increased
anaerobiosis
initially
suppress
mineralization,
consistent
with
theory.
However,
after
25
days,
stimulates
cumulative
gaseous
C-loss
as
CO
2
CH
>150%
of
the
control.
Stable
isotopes
show
older
-derived
released
following
Fe
dominates
losses.
Counter
theory,
may
significantly
accelerate
losses
mineral
soils
weeks
months—a
mechanistic
deficiency
current
Earth
system
models.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
27(11), С. 2478 - 2490
Опубликована: Март 13, 2021
Paddy
soils
make
up
the
largest
anthropogenic
wetlands
on
earth,
and
are
characterized
by
a
prominent
potential
for
organic
carbon
(C)
sequestration.
By
quantifying
plant-
microbial-derived
C
in
across
four
climate
zones,
we
identified
that
accrual
is
achieved
via
contrasting
pathways
paddy
upland
soils.
Paddies
39%-127%
more
efficient
soil
(SOC)
sequestration
than
their
adjacent
counterparts,
with
greater
differences
warmer
cooler
climates.
Upland
replenished
C,
whereas
enriched
proportion
of
plant-derived
because
retarded
microbial
decomposition
under
anaerobic
conditions
induced
flooding
paddies.
Under
both
land-use
types,
maximal
contribution
plant
residues
to
SOC
at
intermediate
mean
annual
temperature
(15-20°C),
neutral
(pH~7.3),
low
clay/sand
ratio.
contrast,
high
(~24°C),
pH
(~5),
large
ratio
favorable
strengthening
necromass.
The
necromass
waterlogged
paddies
climates
likely
due
fast
anabolism
from
bacteria,
fungi
unlikely
be
involved
as
they
aerobic.
In
scenario
conversion
upland,
total
504
Tg
may
lost
CO
Ecological Applications,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
28(1), С. 249 - 261
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2017
More
diverse
crop
rotations
have
been
promoted
for
their
potential
to
remediate
the
range
of
ecosystem
services
compromised
by
biologically
simplified
grain-based
agroecosystems,
including
increasing
soil
organic
carbon
(SOC).
We
hypothesized
that
functional
diversity
offers
a
more
predictive
means
characterizing
impact
on
SOC
concentrations
than
species
per
se.
Furthermore,
we
can
either
increase
or
decrease
depending
its
associated
(C)
input
soil.
compiled
database
27
cropping
system
sites
and
169
systems,
recorded
rotations,
(g
C
kg/soil),
nitrogen
(N)
fertilizer
applications
(kg
N·ha-1
·yr-1
),
estimated
(Mg
C·ha-1
).
categorized
into
three
broad
categories:
grain-only
grain
with
cover
crops,
perennial
crops.
divided
two
sub-categories:
cereal-only
those
included
both
cereals
legume
grain.
compared
changes
in
using
mean
effect
sizes
95%
bootstrapped
confidence
intervals.
Cover
cropped
relative
increased
42%
23%
6.3%
12.5%,
respectively.
Within
cereal
+
decreased
total
(-16%),
root
(-12%),
(-5.3%)
rotations.
found
no
within
N
rates
mediated
rotations:
at
low
(≤75
kg
was
less
high
rates.
Our
results
show
is
likely
if
it
accompanied
an
input.
Functionally
concentrations,
potentially
exploiting
niches
time
would
otherwise
be
unproductive,
is,
"perenniality"