COVID-19–associated mucormycosis: Evidence-based critical review of an emerging infection burden during the pandemic’s second wave in India

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15(11), С. e0009921 - e0009921

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, has caused devastating chaos India. As daily infection rates rise alarmingly, number of severe cases increased dramatically. The country encountered health infrastructure inadequacy and excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, vaccines, oxygen. Adding more burden to such a challenging situation, mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, seen sudden surge patients with COVID-19. rhino-orbital-cerebral form is most common type observed. In particular, approximately three-fourths them had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity received corticosteroids treat Possible mechanisms may involve immune inflammatory processes. Diabetes, when coupled COVID-19–induced systemic change, tends cause decreased immunity risk secondary infections. Since comprehensive data on this fatal opportunistic are evolving against backdrop major pandemic, prevention strategies primarily managing comorbid conditions high-risk groups. recommended treatment included surgical debridement antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B selected azoles. Several India-centric clinical guidelines have emerged rightly diagnose characterise presentation, understand pathogenesis involved, track disease course. Code Mucor one, which proposes simple but reliable staging system form. A recently been proposed, dedicated registry started. critical review, we extensively analyse recent evidence guidance COVID-19–associated mucormycosis

Язык: Английский

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Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1), С. 175 - 175

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Язык: Английский

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Multicenter Case–Control Study of COVID-19–Associated Mucormycosis Outbreak, India

Emerging infectious diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(1), С. 8 - 19

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract We performed a case–control study across 25 hospitals in India for the period of January–June 2021 to evaluate reasons an COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) outbreak. investigated whether COVID-19 treatment practices (glucocorticoids, zinc, tocilizumab, and others) were associated with CAM. included 1,733 cases CAM 3,911 age-matched controls. found cumulative glucocorticoid dose (odds ratio [OR] 1.006, 95% CI 1.004–1.007) zinc supplementation (OR 2.76, 2.24–3.40), along elevated C-reactive protein 1.004, 1.002–1.006), host factors (renal transplantation [OR 7.58, 3.31–17.40], diabetes mellitus 6.72, 5.45–8.28], diabetic ketoacidosis during 4.41, 2.03–9.60]), rural residence 2.88, 2.12–3.79), significantly Mortality rate at 12 weeks was 32.2% (473/1,471). emphasize judicious use therapies optimal glycemic control prevent

Язык: Английский

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Definition, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis: Delphi consensus statement from the Fungal Infection Study Forum and Academy of Pulmonary Sciences, India

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(9), С. e240 - e253

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Let's talk about sex characteristics—As a risk factor for invasive fungal diseases

Mycoses, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 65(6), С. 599 - 612

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2022

Abstract Biological sex, which comprises differences in host sex hormone homeostasis and immune responses, can have a substantial impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Comprehensive data distributions invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are lacking. In this review, we performed literature search vitro/animal studies, clinical systematic reviews meta‐analyses infections. Females represented 51.2% candidiasis cases, mostly matching proportions females among general population United States Europe (>51%). contrast, other IFDs were overrepresented males, including aspergillosis (51% males), mucormycosis (60%), cryptococcosis (74%), coccidioidomycosis (70%), histoplasmosis (61%) blastomycosis (66%). Behavioural variations, as well related to biological may only part explain these findings. Further investigations concerning association between sex/gender pathogenesis warranted.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal Infection in Co-infected Patients With COVID-19: An Overview of Case Reports/Case Series and Systematic Review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2022

Fungal co-infections are frequent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can affect patient outcomes hamper therapeutic efforts. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated fungal this population. This study was performed to assess the rate of co-infection COVID-19 as a systematic review. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web Science were searched considering broad-based search criteria associated co-infection. We included case reports series studies, published English language from January 1, 2020 November 30, 2021, that reported clinical features, diagnosis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Totally, 54 17 identified, 181 (132 men, 47 women, not mentioned) co-infected infection enrolled. The frequency among 49.7, 23.2, 19.8, 6.6, 0.5% Asia, America, Europe, Africa, Australia, respectively. Diabetes (59.6%) hypertension (35.9%) found most considered comorbidities infections. These mainly suffered fever (40.8%), cough (30.3%), dyspnea (23.7%). findings laboratory results increase C-reactive protein (CRP) (33.1%) ferritin (18.2%), lymphopenia (16%) reported. common etiological agents infections Aspergillus spp., Mucor Rhizopus Candida spp. patients. mortality 54.6%, discharged 45.3%. Remdesivir voriconazole commonly used antiviral antifungal for treatment global prevalence COVID-19-related deaths is 6.6%. Our showed 54.6% died. Thus, indicated could mortality. Targeted policies should be address raised risk current pandemic. In addition, sometimes diagnosed late COVID-19, severity worsens, especially underlying conditions. Therefore, screened regularly during pandemic prevent spread

Язык: Английский

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Mucormycosis and COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical and diagnostic approach

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(4), С. 466 - 479

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2022

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet to be controlled worldwide, especially in India. second wave of disease 2019 (COVID-19) led panic and confusion India, owing the overwhelming number population that fell prey this highly infectious virus recent times. In COVID-19, patients had fight both opportunistic infections triggered fungi bacteria. Repeated use steroids, antibiotics, oxygen masks during management severely critically ill COVID-19 nurtured such as mucormycosis. Despite mucormycosis being a decades-old disease, it has gained notice its widespread occurrence throughout Instances are usually unearthed immunocompromised individuals inhalation filamentous fungi, either from natural environment or through supportive care units. outbreak been seen cause secondary infection grows along with treatment COVID-19. Furthermore, comorbidities diabetes were more likely have co-infection because their challenged immune systems' inability it. hype, still remains neglected least studied, which predominantly due all focus on diagnostics, vaccine, therapeutic research. review, we emphasize mainly association patients. We also present molecular mechanism for better understanding fungal who recently infected SARS-CoV-2. Better pathogens, immediate diagnosis, crucial patients, high mortalities recorded co-infected despite recovery

Язык: Английский

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What Is New in Pulmonary Mucormycosis?

Journal of Fungi, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(3), С. 307 - 307

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening fungal infection due to molds of the order Mucorales. The incidence has been increasing over recent decades. Worldwide, pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) presents in lungs, which are third main location for after rhino-orbito-cerebral (ROC) areas and skin. risk factors PM include hematological malignancies solid organ transplantation, whereas ROC infections classically favored by diabetes mellitus. differences between locations possibly explained activation different mammalian receptors—GRP78 nasal epithelial cells integrin β1 alveolar cells—in response Alveolar macrophages neutrophils play key role host defense against diagnosis relies on CT scans, cultures, PCR tests, histology. reversed halo sign an early, very suggestive, neutropenic patients. Recently, serum test showed encouraging performance follow-up mucormycosis. Liposomal amphotericin B drug choice first-line therapy, together with correction underlying disease surgery when feasible. After stable or partial response, step-down treatment includes oral isavuconazole posaconazole delayed release tablets until complete achieved. Secondary prophylaxis should be discussed there any relapse, such as persistence neutropenia prolonged use high-dose immunosuppressive therapy. Despite these novelties, mortality rate from remains higher than 50%. Therefore, future research must define place combination therapy adjunctive treatments, while development new treatments necessary.

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiology and prognostic factors of mucormycosis in France (2012–2022): a cross-sectional study nested in a prospective surveillance programme

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45, С. 101010 - 101010

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of hospital environment for presence of Mucorales during COVID-19-associated mucormycosis outbreak in India – a multi-centre study

Journal of Hospital Infection, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 122, С. 173 - 179

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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