Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 108284 - 108284
Published: Aug. 13, 2022
Language: Английский
PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. e0009921 - e0009921
Published: Nov. 18, 2021
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, has caused devastating chaos India. As daily infection rates rise alarmingly, number of severe cases increased dramatically. The country encountered health infrastructure inadequacy and excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, vaccines, oxygen. Adding more burden to such a challenging situation, mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, seen sudden surge patients with COVID-19. rhino-orbital-cerebral form is most common type observed. In particular, approximately three-fourths them had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity received corticosteroids treat Possible mechanisms may involve immune inflammatory processes. Diabetes, when coupled COVID-19–induced systemic change, tends cause decreased immunity risk secondary infections. Since comprehensive data on this fatal opportunistic are evolving against backdrop major pandemic, prevention strategies primarily managing comorbid conditions high-risk groups. recommended treatment included surgical debridement antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B selected azoles. Several India-centric clinical guidelines have emerged rightly diagnose characterise presentation, understand pathogenesis involved, track disease course. Code Mucor one, which proposes simple but reliable staging system form. A recently been proposed, dedicated registry started. critical review, we extensively analyse recent evidence guidance COVID-19–associated mucormycosis
Language: Английский
Citations
107
Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 175 - 175
Published: Jan. 7, 2023
The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.
Language: Английский
Citations
73
Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 8 - 19
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Abstract We performed a case–control study across 25 hospitals in India for the period of January–June 2021 to evaluate reasons an COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) outbreak. investigated whether COVID-19 treatment practices (glucocorticoids, zinc, tocilizumab, and others) were associated with CAM. included 1,733 cases CAM 3,911 age-matched controls. found cumulative glucocorticoid dose (odds ratio [OR] 1.006, 95% CI 1.004–1.007) zinc supplementation (OR 2.76, 2.24–3.40), along elevated C-reactive protein 1.004, 1.002–1.006), host factors (renal transplantation [OR 7.58, 3.31–17.40], diabetes mellitus 6.72, 5.45–8.28], diabetic ketoacidosis during 4.41, 2.03–9.60]), rural residence 2.88, 2.12–3.79), significantly Mortality rate at 12 weeks was 32.2% (473/1,471). emphasize judicious use therapies optimal glycemic control prevent
Language: Английский
Citations
47
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. e240 - e253
Published: April 4, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
69
Mycoses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(6), P. 599 - 612
Published: April 29, 2022
Abstract Biological sex, which comprises differences in host sex hormone homeostasis and immune responses, can have a substantial impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Comprehensive data distributions invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are lacking. In this review, we performed literature search vitro/animal studies, clinical systematic reviews meta‐analyses infections. Females represented 51.2% candidiasis cases, mostly matching proportions females among general population United States Europe (>51%). contrast, other IFDs were overrepresented males, including aspergillosis (51% males), mucormycosis (60%), cryptococcosis (74%), coccidioidomycosis (70%), histoplasmosis (61%) blastomycosis (66%). Behavioural variations, as well related to biological may only part explain these findings. Further investigations concerning association between sex/gender pathogenesis warranted.
Language: Английский
Citations
51
Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13
Published: July 6, 2022
Fungal co-infections are frequent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can affect patient outcomes hamper therapeutic efforts. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated fungal this population. This study was performed to assess the rate of co-infection COVID-19 as a systematic review. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web Science were searched considering broad-based search criteria associated co-infection. We included case reports series studies, published English language from January 1, 2020 November 30, 2021, that reported clinical features, diagnosis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Totally, 54 17 identified, 181 (132 men, 47 women, not mentioned) co-infected infection enrolled. The frequency among 49.7, 23.2, 19.8, 6.6, 0.5% Asia, America, Europe, Africa, Australia, respectively. Diabetes (59.6%) hypertension (35.9%) found most considered comorbidities infections. These mainly suffered fever (40.8%), cough (30.3%), dyspnea (23.7%). findings laboratory results increase C-reactive protein (CRP) (33.1%) ferritin (18.2%), lymphopenia (16%) reported. common etiological agents infections Aspergillus spp., Mucor Rhizopus Candida spp. patients. mortality 54.6%, discharged 45.3%. Remdesivir voriconazole commonly used antiviral antifungal for treatment global prevalence COVID-19-related deaths is 6.6%. Our showed 54.6% died. Thus, indicated could mortality. Targeted policies should be address raised risk current pandemic. In addition, sometimes diagnosed late COVID-19, severity worsens, especially underlying conditions. Therefore, screened regularly during pandemic prevent spread
Language: Английский
Citations
41
Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 466 - 479
Published: Feb. 18, 2022
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet to be controlled worldwide, especially in India. second wave of disease 2019 (COVID-19) led panic and confusion India, owing the overwhelming number population that fell prey this highly infectious virus recent times. In COVID-19, patients had fight both opportunistic infections triggered fungi bacteria. Repeated use steroids, antibiotics, oxygen masks during management severely critically ill COVID-19 nurtured such as mucormycosis. Despite mucormycosis being a decades-old disease, it has gained notice its widespread occurrence throughout Instances are usually unearthed immunocompromised individuals inhalation filamentous fungi, either from natural environment or through supportive care units. outbreak been seen cause secondary infection grows along with treatment COVID-19. Furthermore, comorbidities diabetes were more likely have co-infection because their challenged immune systems' inability it. hype, still remains neglected least studied, which predominantly due all focus on diagnostics, vaccine, therapeutic research. review, we emphasize mainly association patients. We also present molecular mechanism for better understanding fungal who recently infected SARS-CoV-2. Better pathogens, immediate diagnosis, crucial patients, high mortalities recorded co-infected despite recovery
Language: Английский
Citations
40
Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 307 - 307
Published: Feb. 28, 2023
Mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening fungal infection due to molds of the order Mucorales. The incidence has been increasing over recent decades. Worldwide, pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) presents in lungs, which are third main location for after rhino-orbito-cerebral (ROC) areas and skin. risk factors PM include hematological malignancies solid organ transplantation, whereas ROC infections classically favored by diabetes mellitus. differences between locations possibly explained activation different mammalian receptors—GRP78 nasal epithelial cells integrin β1 alveolar cells—in response Alveolar macrophages neutrophils play key role host defense against diagnosis relies on CT scans, cultures, PCR tests, histology. reversed halo sign an early, very suggestive, neutropenic patients. Recently, serum test showed encouraging performance follow-up mucormycosis. Liposomal amphotericin B drug choice first-line therapy, together with correction underlying disease surgery when feasible. After stable or partial response, step-down treatment includes oral isavuconazole posaconazole delayed release tablets until complete achieved. Secondary prophylaxis should be discussed there any relapse, such as persistence neutropenia prolonged use high-dose immunosuppressive therapy. Despite these novelties, mortality rate from remains higher than 50%. Therefore, future research must define place combination therapy adjunctive treatments, while development new treatments necessary.
Language: Английский
Citations
29
The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 101010 - 101010
Published: Aug. 7, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Journal of Hospital Infection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 173 - 179
Published: Feb. 3, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
35