Membranes,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(12), С. 1244 - 1244
Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EV)
are
membrane
surrounded
by
a
lipid
bilayer
and
include
microvesicles,
apoptotic
bodies,
exosomes,
exomeres.
Exosome-encapsulated
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
released
from
cancer
cells
involved
in
the
proliferation
metastasis
of
tumor
via
angiogenesis.
On
other
hand,
mesenchymal
stem
cell
(MSC)
therapy,
which
is
being
employed
regenerative
medicine
owing
to
ability
MSCs
differentiate
into
various
cells,
due
humoral
factors,
including
messenger
RNA
(mRNA),
miRNAs,
proteins,
lipids,
encapsulated
exosomes
derived
transplanted
cells.
New
treatments
that
advocate
cell-free
therapy
using
MSC-derived
will
significantly
improve
clinical
practice.
Therefore,
highly
purified
perform
their
original
functions
desirable.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
advances
purification,
modification,
application
EVs
as
novel
strategies
treat
some
diseases.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023
Ovarian
cancer
is
a
malignant
tumor
of
the
female
reproductive
system,
with
very
poor
prognosis
and
high
mortality
rates.
Chemotherapy
radiotherapy
are
most
common
treatments
for
ovarian
cancer,
unsatisfactory
results.
Exosomes
subpopulation
extracellular
vesicles,
which
have
diameter
approximately
30–100
nm
secreted
by
many
different
types
cells
in
various
body
fluids.
highly
stable
effective
carriers
immunotherapeutic
drugs.
Recent
studies
shown
that
exosomes
involved
cellular
responses
microenvironment,
influencing
development
therapeutic
efficacy
exhibiting
dual
roles
inhibiting
promoting
development.
also
contain
variety
genes
related
to
immunotherapy
could
be
potential
biomarkers
diagnosis
prognosis.
Undoubtedly,
great
field
immunotherapy.
However,
translation
this
idea
clinic
has
not
occurred.
Therefore,
it
important
understand
how
used
regulate
progression.
In
review,
we
summarize
fluids
mechanisms
influence
response.
We
discuss
prospects
clinical
application
exosome-based
cancer.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Vaccines
have
proven
effective
in
the
treatment
and
prevention
of
numerous
diseases.
However,
traditional
attenuated
inactivated
vaccines
suffer
from
certain
drawbacks
such
as
complex
preparation,
limited
efficacy,
potential
risks
others.
These
limitations
restrict
their
widespread
use,
especially
face
an
increasingly
diverse
range
With
ongoing
advancements
genetic
engineering
vaccines,
DNA
emerged
a
highly
promising
approach
both
diseases
acquired
While
several
demonstrated
substantial
success
animal
models
diseases,
challenges
need
to
be
addressed
before
application
human
subjects.
The
primary
obstacle
lies
absence
optimal
delivery
system,
which
significantly
hampers
immunogenicity
vaccines.
We
conduct
comprehensive
analysis
current
status
by
focusing
on
viral
non-viral
systems,
they
play
crucial
roles
exploration
novel
provide
evaluation
strengths
weaknesses
based
our
critical
assessment.
Additionally,
review
summarizes
most
recent
breakthroughs
pre-clinical
clinical
studies,
highlighting
for
further
trials
this
rapidly
evolving
field.
Bioactive Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
22, С. 491 - 517
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022
Tumor
vaccination
is
a
promising
approach
for
tumor
immunotherapy
because
it
presents
high
specificity
and
few
side
effects.
However,
vaccines
that
contain
only
single
antigen
can
allow
immune
system
evasion
by
variants.
antigens
are
complex
heterogeneous,
identifying
uniformly
expressed
cells
challenging.
Whole
produce
comprehensive
trigger
extensive
tumor-specific
responses.
Therefore,
an
ideal
source
of
vaccines.
A
better
understanding
cell-derived
their
characteristics,
along
with
the
development
new
technologies
delivery,
help
improve
vaccine
design.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
in
cancer
highlight
different
types
engineered
approaches,
mechanisms,
administration
methods,
future
perspectives.
We
discuss
vaccines,
including
whole
cell
components,
extracellular
vesicles,
membrane-encapsulated
nanoparticles.
multiple
induce
potent
they
should
be
to
overcome
limitations
such
as
insufficient
immunogenicity
weak
targeting.
The
genetic
chemical
engineering
greatly
enhance
targeting,
intelligence,
functionality,
thereby
realizing
stronger
Further
materials
science,
biomedicine,
oncology
facilitate
clinical
translation
Bioactive Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36, С. 330 - 357
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Nanovaccines
have
gathered
significant
attention
for
their
potential
to
elicit
tumor-specific
immunological
responses.
Despite
notable
progress
in
tumor
immunotherapy,
nanovaccines
still
encounter
considerable
challenges
such
as
low
delivery
efficiency,
limited
targeting
ability,
and
suboptimal
efficacy.
With
an
aim
of
addressing
these
issues,
engineering
customized
through
modification
or
functionalization
has
emerged
a
promising
approach.
These
tailored
not
only
enhance
antigen
presentation,
but
also
effectively
modulate
immunosuppression
within
the
microenvironment.
Specifically,
they
are
distinguished
by
diverse
sizes,
shapes,
charges,
structures,
unique
physicochemical
properties,
along
with
ligands.
features
facilitate
lymph
node
accumulation
activation/regulation
immune
cells.
This
overview
bespoke
underscores
both
prophylactic
therapeutic
applications,
offering
insights
into
future
development
role
cancer
immunotherapy.
Nanomaterials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(7), С. 639 - 639
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2024
Exosomes
are
spherical
extracellular
nanovesicles
with
an
endosomal
origin
and
unilamellar
lipid-bilayer
structure
sizes
ranging
from
30
to
100
nm.
They
contain
a
large
range
of
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acid
species,
depending
on
the
state
vesicle
(EV)-secreting
cell.
EVs’
function
is
encapsulate
part
EV-producing
cell
content,
transport
it
through
biological
fluids
targeted
recipient,
deliver
their
cargos
specifically
within
aimed
recipient
cells.
Therefore,
exosomes
considered
be
potential
drug-delivery
systems
that
can
stably
cargo
into
Various
cell-derived
produced
for
medical
issues,
but
use
therapeutic
purposes
still
faces
several
problems.
Some
these
difficulties
avoided
by
resorting
hemisynthetic
approaches.
We
highlight
here
uses
alternative
exosome-mimes
involving
cell-membrane
coatings
artificial
nanocarriers
or
hybridization
between
liposomes.
also
detail
drug-loading
strategies
deployed
make
them
drug-carrier
summarize
ongoing
clinical
trials
exosome-like
structures.
Finally,
we
open
questions
before
considering
disposals
confident
delivery.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(2), С. 274 - 274
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
small
membrane-enclosed
structures
that
have
gained
much
attention
from
researchers
across
varying
scientific
fields
in
the
past
few
decades.
Cells
secrete
diverse
types
of
EVs
into
extracellular
milieu
which
include
exosomes,
microvesicles,
and
apoptotic
bodies.
These
play
a
crucial
role
facilitating
intracellular
communication
via
transport
proteins,
lipids,
DNA,
rRNA,
miRNAs.
It
is
well
known
number
viruses
hijack
several
cellular
pathways
involved
EV
biogenesis
to
aid
their
replication,
assembly,
egress.
On
other
hand,
can
also
trigger
host
antiviral
immune
responses
by
carrying
immunomodulatory
molecules
viral
antigens
on
surface.
Owing
this
intricate
relationship
between
viruses,
intriguing
studies
identified
various
EV-mediated
infections
interrogated
how
alter
overall
spread
longevity.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
EV-virus
relationship,
details
modes
context
clinically
relevant
enveloped
non-enveloped
viruses.
