Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Март 14, 2023
Abstract
The
aging-protective
gene
α-Klotho
(KL)
produces
two
main
transcripts.
full-length
mRNA
generates
a
transmembrane
protein
that
after
proteolytic
ectodomain
shedding
can
be
detected
in
serum
as
processed
Klotho
(p-KL),
and
shorter
transcript
which
codes
for
putatively
secreted
(s-KL).
Both
isoforms
exhibit
potent
pleiotropic
beneficial
properties,
although
previous
reports
showed
negative
side
effects
on
mineral
homeostasis
increasing
p-KL
concentration
exogenously.
Here,
we
expressed
independently
both
using
transfer
vectors,
to
assess
s-KL
metabolism.
While
mice
treated
with
presented
altered
expression
of
several
kidney
ion
channels,
well
levels
P
i
Ca
2+
blood,
had
comparable
Null-treated
control
mice.
Besides,
bone
Fgf23
fourfold
increase
treatment,
not
observed
the
isoform.
Similarly,
microstructure
parameters
p-KL-treated
were
significantly
worse
than
animals,
while
this
was
s-KL,
an
unexpected
trabecular
thickness
cortical
density.
As
conclusion,
(but
p-KL)
is
safe
therapeutic
strategy
exploit
KL
anti-aging
protective
effects,
presenting
no
apparent
over
metabolism
microstructure.
Abstract
Cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
and
its
complications
are
a
leading
cause
of
death
worldwide.
Endothelial
dysfunction
plays
crucial
role
in
the
initiation
progression
CVD,
serving
as
pivotal
factor
pathogenesis
cardiovascular,
metabolic,
other
related
diseases.
The
regulation
endothelial
is
influenced
by
various
risk
factors
intricate
signaling
pathways,
which
vary
depending
on
specific
context.
Despite
numerous
research
efforts
aimed
at
elucidating
mechanisms
underlying
dysfunction,
precise
molecular
pathways
involved
remain
incompletely
understood.
This
review
elucidates
recent
findings
pathophysiological
including
nitric
oxide
availability,
oxidative
stress,
inflammation‐mediated
pathways.
We
also
discuss
impact
pathological
conditions,
atherosclerosis,
heart
failure,
diabetes,
hypertension,
chronic
kidney
disease,
neurodegenerative
Furthermore,
we
summarize
traditional
novel
potential
biomarkers
well
pharmacological
nonpharmacological
therapeutic
strategies
for
protection
treatment
CVD
complications.
Consequently,
this
to
improve
understanding
emerging
approaches
reducing
developing
associated
complications,
mitigating
dysfunction.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
55(3)
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Retinal
pigment
epithelial
(RPE)
cells
undergoing
epithelial‑mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
are
a
key
factor
in
promoting
the
progression
of
subretinal
fibrosis.
The
klotho
protein
and
gene
exert
anti‑fibrotic
effects
multiple
fibrotic
diseases.
However,
mechanisms
involved
role
unclear
aim
present
study
was
to
explore
on
fibrosis
induced
by
laser
photocoagulation
mice
EMT
TGF‑β1
RPE
underlying
molecular
mechanisms.
In
vitro,
overexpression
or
knockdown
performed
ARPE‑19
(adult
retinal
Pigment
Epithelial‑19),
then
treatment
applied.
Using
western
blotting,
expression
markers
(zonula
occludens‑1),
mesenchymal
signs
(α‑smooth
muscle
actin,
α‑SMA,
N‑cadherin,
N‑cad
collagen
I),
ERK1/2
Wnt/β‑catenin
signaling
pathways
were
assessed.
proliferative
ability
examined
CCK‑8
EdU
test,
migratory
wound
healing
Transwell
assays.
Furthermore,
pathway
overexpression,
RNA‑sequencing
(seq)
performed.
vivo,
used
induce
mice,
which
occurs
as
result
choroidal
neovascularization
(CNV),
recombinant
mouse
administered
intravitreally.
Upregulation
downregulation
demonstrated
that
prevented
TGF‑β1‑induced
EMT;
resulted
opposite
effects.
Additionally,
suppressed
cell
proliferation
migration
attenuated
activated
TGF‑β1.
RNA‑seq
results
several
pathways,
including
cellular
senescence
TNF
pathway,
associated
with
overexpression.
areas
following
laser‑induced
CNV
lesions,
illustrated
immunofluorescence
Masson
staining
eyes.
Western
blotting
levels
significantly
downregulated
those
upregulated.
In
summary,
suggested
may
have
therapeutic
value
management
vitreoretinal
disorders
such
ABSTRACT
Longevity
individuals
have
lower
susceptibility
to
chronic
hypoxia,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
and
aging‐related
diseases.
It
has
long
been
speculated
that
“rejuvenation
molecules”
exist
in
their
blood
promote
extended
lifespan.
We
unexpectedly
discovered
longevity
exhibit
erythrocyte
oxygen
release
function
similar
young
individuals,
whereas
most
elderly
show
reduced
capacity.
Untargeted
metabolomics
profiling
revealed
are
characterized
by
youth‐like
metabolic
reprogramming
these
metabolites
effectively
differentiate
the
from
elderly.
Quantification
analyses
led
us
identify
multiple
novel
longevity‐related
within
erythrocytes
including
adenosine,
sphingosine‐1‐phosphate
(S1P),
glutathione
(GSH)
related
amino
acids.
Mechanistically,
we
increased
bisphosphoglycerate
mutase
(BPGM)
MFSD2B
protein
levels
of
collaboratively
work
together
induce
elevation
intracellular
S1P,
glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate
dehydrogenase
(GAPDH)
membrane
cytosol,
thereby
orchestrate
glucose
toward
Rapoport–Luebering
Shunt
2,3‐BPG
production
trigger
delivery.
Furthermore,
glutamine
glutamate
transporter
expression
coupled
with
enhanced
metabolism
underlie
elevated
GSH
higher
anti‐oxidative
stress
capacity
individuals.
As
such,
displayed
less
systemic
hypoxia‐related
more
antioxidative
anti‐inflammatory
plasma,
healthier
clinical
outcomes
inflammation
parameters
as
well
better
glucose–lipid
metabolism,
liver
kidney
function.
Overall,
identified
youthful
enable
counteract
peripheral
tissue
thus
maintaining
healthspan.
The journal of nutrition health & aging,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(6), С. 100224 - 100224
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024
Maintaining
ideal
cardiovascular
health
(CVH)
is
believed
to
have
potential
anti-aging
benefits.
The
American
Heart
Association
(AHA)
recently
updated
the
"Life's
Essential
8
(LE8)"
metrics
measure
CVH,
but
its
connection
with
protein
klotho
still
unclear.
We
aimed
explore
relationship
between
and
serum
in
a
nationally
representative
US
middle-aged
older
population.
A
cross-sectional
study.
National
Health
Nutrition
Examination
Survey
(2007−2016).
total
of
9457
participants.
Ideal
CVH
scores
their
components
were
defined
according
guidelines
set
by
AHA.
Serum
detected
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay.
Weighted
multivariable
linear
regression
restricted
cubic
spline
employed
examine
association
score
klotho.
Subgroup
analyses
conducted,
stratified
age
(40−59
60−79),
sex
(Male
Female),
race
(Mexican
American,
non-Hispanic
White,
Black,
Others)
chronic
kidney
disease
(Yes
No)
fully
adjusted
models.
participants
included
this
study,
mean
55.27
±
0.17
years.
level
population
was
849.33
5.39
pg/mL.
After
controlling
for
confounders,
LE8
showed
positive
correlation
levels
(β:
1.32;
95%
CI
0.73,
1.91),
non-linear
dose-response
observed.
Furthermore,
we
also
discovered
behaviors
factors
0.48;
0.07,
0.88
β:
1.05;
0.54,
1.56,
respectively),
particularly
stronger
In
subgroup
analysis,
observed
significant
interaction
race.
(P
<0.05).
subscale
positively
associated
populations.
Promoting
maintenance
can
contribute
delaying
aging
process.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(17), С. 1413 - 1413
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024
The
α-Klotho
protein
(hereafter
Klotho)
is
an
obligate
coreceptor
for
fibroblast
growth
factor
23
(FGF23).
It
produced
in
the
kidneys,
brain
and
other
sites.
Klotho
insufficiency
causes
hyperphosphatemia
anomalies.
Importantly,
it
associated
with
chronic
pathologies
(often
age-related)
that
have
inflammatory
component.
This
includes
atherosclerosis,
diabetes
Alzheimer's
disease.
Its
mode
of
action
these
diseases
not
well
understood,
but
inhibits
or
regulates
multiple
major
pathways.
has
a
membrane
form
soluble
(s-Klotho).
Cytosolic
postulated
characterized.
s-Klotho
endocrine
properties
are
incompletely
elucidated.
binds
to
FGF
receptor
1c
(FGFR1c)
widely
expressed
(including
endothelial
cells).
also
attaches
FGF23,
FGF23/Klotho
FGFRs.
Thus,
might
be
roaming
FGF23
coreceptor,
functions.
Notably,
(cell-bound
soluble)
counteracts
inflammation
appears
mitigate
related
aging
(inflammaging).
NF-κB
NLRP3
inflammasome.
inflammasome
requires
priming
by
produces
active
IL-1β,
pores
cell
death
(pyroptosis).
In
accord,
countered
injury
induced
toxins,
damage-associated
molecular
patterns
(DAMPs),
cytokines,
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
blocks
TGF-β
Wnt
ligands,
which
lessens
fibrotic
Low
loss
muscle
mass
(sarcopenia),
as
occurs
diseases.
counters
inhibitory
effects
myostatin
on
muscle,
reduces
inflammation,
improves
repair
following
injury.
inhibition
factors
may
protective
diabetic
retinopathy
age-related
macular
degeneration
(AMD).
review
examines
functions
especially
potential
applications.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(1)
Опубликована: Март 22, 2025
Abstract
Klotho,
initially
introduced
as
an
anti-aging
protein,
is
expressed
in
the
brain,
pancreas,
and
most
prominently
kidney.
The
two
forms
of
Klotho
(membrane-bound
soluble
form)
have
diverse
pharmacological
functions
such
anti-inflammatory,
anti-oxidative,
anti-fibrotic,
tumour-suppressive
etc.
membrane-bound
form
plays
a
pivotal
role
maintaining
kidney
homeostasis
by
regulating
fibroblast
growth
factor
23
(FGF
23)
signalling,
vitamin
D
metabolism
phosphate
balance.
deficiency
has
been
linked
with
significantly
reduced
protection
against
various
pathological
phenotypes,
including
diabetic
disease
(DKD),
which
major
cause
chronic
leading
to
end-stage
disease.
Owing
pleiotropic
actions
klotho,
it
shown
beneficial
effects
DKD
tackling
complex
pathophysiology
reducing
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
well
fibrosis.
Moreover,
protective
effect
klotho
extends
beyond
other
conditions,
cardiovascular
diseases,
alzheimer's
disease,
cancer,
inflammatory
bowel
liver
Therefore,
this
review
summarizes
relationship
between
expression
diseases
special
emphasis
on
DKD,
distinct
mechanisms
potential
exogenous
supplementation
therapeutic
strategy.
Future
research
into
could
unravel
novel
treatment
avenues
for
diseases.
Mitochondrion,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
72, С. 84 - 101
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2023
Over
65
million
people
suffer
from
recurrent,
unprovoked
seizures.
The
lack
of
validated
biomarkers
specific
for
myriad
forms
epilepsy
makes
diagnosis
challenging.
Diagnosis
and
monitoring
childhood
add
to
the
need
non-invasive
biomarkers,
especially
when
evaluating
antiseizure
medications.
Although
underlying
mechanisms
epileptogenesis
are
not
fully
understood,
evidence
mitochondrial
involvement
is
substantial.
Seizures
affect
35%-60%
patients
diagnosed
with
diseases.
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
pathophysiological
in
various
epilepsies,
including
those
non-mitochondrial
origin.
Decreased
ATP
production
caused
by
malfunctioning
brain
cell
mitochondria
leads
altered
neuronal
bioenergetics,
metabolism
neurological
complications,
Iron-dependent
lipid
peroxidation
initiates
ferroptosis,
a
death
pathway
that
aligns
morphology
found
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs).
Studies
mouse
genetic
models
seizure
phenotypes
where
function
an
essential
selenoprotein
(GPX4)
targeted
suggest
roles
ferroptosis
epilepsy.
GPX4
pivotal
NDDs,
selenium
protects
interneurons
ferroptosis.
Selenium
central
nervous
system
micronutrient
trace
element.
Low
serum
concentrations
other
elements
minerals,
iron,
noted
diagnosing
supplements
alleviate
intractable
seizures
children
reduced
GPX
activity.
Copper
cuproptosis,
like
iron
link
NDDs.
Connecting
these
mechanistic
pathways
selenoproteins
provides
new
insights
into
treating
seizures,
pointing
using
medicines
prodrugs
lipoic
acid
treat
potential
alternative
therapeutic
approaches
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(transcranial),
photobiomodulation
vagus
nerve
stimulation.
Communications Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024
Abstract
Overexpression
of
the
longevity
gene
Klotho
prolongs
lifespan,
while
its
knockout
shortens
lifespan
and
impairs
cognition
via
perturbation
myelination
synapse
formation.
However,
comprehensive
analysis
effects
on
mammalian
brain
transcriptomics
is
lacking.
Here,
we
report
that
alters
levels
aging-
related
mRNAs,
long
non-coding
RNAs,
microRNAs
tRNA
fragments.
These
include
altered
neuronal
glial
regulators
in
murine
models
aging
Alzheimer’s
disease
human
post-mortem
brains.
We
further
demonstrate
interaction
knockout-elevated
fragments
with
spliceosome,
possibly
affecting
RNA
processing.
Last,
present
cell
type-specific
short
RNA-seq
datasets
from
FACS-sorted
neurons
microglia
live
tissue
demonstrating
in-depth
cell-type
association
knockout-perturbed
microRNAs.
Together,
our
findings
reveal
multiple
transcripts
both
glia
are
perturbed
deficiency
neurodegeneration-related.