Ecological compensation: How much and where?

Ecological Economics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 190, С. 107191 - 107191

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Present and Future of Insect Biodiversity Conservation in the Neotropics: Policy Gaps and Recommendations

Neotropical Entomology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(3), С. 407 - 421

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that insect populations may be declining at local and global scales, threatening the sustainability of ecosystem services insects provide. Insect declines are particular concern in Neotropics, which holds several world’s hotspots endemism diversity. Conservation policies one way to prevent mitigate declines, yet these usually biased toward vertebrate species. Here, we outline some key policy instruments for biodiversity conservation Neotropics discuss their potential contribution shortcomings conservation. These include species-specific action policies, protected areas Indigenous Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs), sectoral offsetting, market-based mechanisms, international underpin efforts. We highlight although can potentially benefit indirectly, there avenues could better incorporate specific needs into mentioned above. propose improvement. Firstly, evaluating extinction risk more Neotropical target at-risk species with conserve habitats within area-based interventions. Secondly, alternative pest control methods enhanced monitoring a range land-based production sectors. Thirdly, incorporating measurable achievable targets conventions. Finally, emphasise important roles community engagement public awareness achieving improvements policies.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the ecological outcomes of mandatory biodiversity net gain using evidence from early‐adopter jurisdictions in England

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2021

Abstract Net outcome‐type biodiversity policies are proliferating globally as perceived mechanisms to reconcile economic development and conservation objectives. The UK government's Environment Bill will mandate that most new developments in England demonstrate they deliver a net gain (BNG) receive planning permission, representing the wide‐ranging outcome type policy globally. However, with many nascent net‐outcome policies, likely outcomes of mandatory BNG have not been explored empirically. We assemble all assessments (accounting for ∼6% England's annual housebuilding other infrastructure) submitted from January 2020 February 2021 six early‐adopter councils who implementing no loss or requirements advance national adoption BNG, analyze aggregate habitat changes proposed. Our sample is associated 34% reduction area nonurban habitats, generally compensated by commitments smaller areas higher quality years later project cycle. Ninety‐five percent units delivered our come habitats within directly‐adjacent footprint managed developers. we find these gains fall governance gap whereby risk being unenforceable, challenge shared implemented internationally.

Язык: Английский

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Fifteen essential science advances needed for effective restoration of the world's forest landscapes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(1867)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

There has never been a more pressing and opportune time for science practice to collaborate towards restoration of the world's forests. Multiple uncertainties remain achieving successful, long-term forest landscape (FLR). In this article, we use expert knowledge literature review identify gaps that need closing advance practice, as an introduction landmark theme issue on FLR UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration. Aligned with Adaptive Management Cycle FLR, 15 essential advances required facilitate success nature people. They highlight greatest challenges lie in conceptualization, planning assessment stages restoration, which require evidence base why, where how restore, at realistic scales. underlying sciences are complex, requiring spatially explicit approaches across disciplines sectors, considering multiple objectives, drivers trade-offs critical decision-making financing. The developing tropics priority region, scientists must work stakeholders Cycle. Clearly communicated scientific action outset will enable donors, decision makers implementers develop informed targets processes accountability. This article paves way 19 further articles issue, author contributions from world. is part 'Understanding restoration: reinforcing foundations Restoration'.

Язык: Английский

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A global overview of biodiversity offsetting governance

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 316, С. 115231 - 115231

Опубликована: Май 9, 2022

We analyze the development of biodiversity offsetting governance through a research-weaving approach. Here, we combine information from systematized review literature and qualitative analysis institutional developments in different world regions. Through this triangulation, synthesize map developmental streams around globe over last four decades. find that there is global mainstreaming core principles such as avoidance, no-net-loss, mitigation hierarchy, well pooling trading offsets for unavoidable residual damages. Furthermore, can observe an ongoing diversification designs actors involved. Together constitutes emerging regime complex comes with both set shared norms growing complexity. While may imply innovation policy experimentation, it also raises questions regarding effectiveness practices.

Язык: Английский

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An introduction to key ecological concepts, financial opportunities, and risks underpinning aspirations for nature positive

BioScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 74(7), С. 450 - 466

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2024

Global biodiversity is in decline, and businesses society are being required to urgently create new operating models ameliorate the crisis. Among strategies proposed do this, implementing concept of nature positive has captured worldwide attention. Critical its success will be effective collaboration between ecologists businesspeople, driven by a shared understanding key terminology, concepts, risks. To this end, we introduce three core aspects: ecological concepts definition

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the impact of biodiversity offsetting on native vegetation

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(15), С. 4397 - 4411

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2023

Abstract Biodiversity offsetting is a globally influential policy mechanism for reconciling trade‐offs between development and biodiversity loss. However, there little robust evidence of its effectiveness. We evaluated the outcomes jurisdictional (Victoria, Australia). Offsets under Victoria's Native Vegetation Framework (2002–2013) aimed to prevent loss degradation remnant vegetation, generate gains in vegetation extent quality. categorised offsets into those with near‐complete baseline woody cover (“avoided loss”, 2702 ha) incomplete (“regeneration”, 501 ha), impacts on from 2008 2018. used two approaches estimate counterfactual. First, we statistical matching biophysical covariates: common approach conservation impact evaluation, but which risks ignoring potentially important psychosocial confounders. Second, compared changes sites that were not study duration later enrolled as offsets, partially account self‐selection bias (where landholders enrolling land may have shared characteristics affecting how they manage land). Matching covariates, estimated regeneration increased by 1.9%–3.6%/year more than non‐offset (138–180 ha 2018) this effect weakened second (0.3%–1.9%/year sites; 19–97 disappeared when single outlier parcel was removed. Neither detected any avoided offsets. cannot conclusively demonstrate whether goal ‘net gain’ (NG) achieved because data limitations. given our majority increases additional (would happened without scheme), NG outcome seems unlikely. The results highlight importance considering design evaluation regulatory policy, challenges conducting evaluations policies.

Язык: Английский

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Preserving peri-urban land through biodiversity offsets: Between market transactions and planning regulations

Land Use Policy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 127, С. 106545 - 106545

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Large-scale forest restoration generates comprehensive biodiversity gains in an Amazonian mining site

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 443, С. 140959 - 140959

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

To reconcile environmental issues with socioeconomic development, the mitigation hierarchy emerges as a pivotal strategy that sequentially addresses impacts through structured approach of avoidance, minimization, remediation, and offsetting. No net loss (NNL) is achieved when biodiversity gains from all four stages are larger than project's impacts. Here, we assessed changes linked to implementation S11D Eliezer Batista iron mining Complex in Carajás National Forest, Pará state, Brazil, expecting losses due activities forest restoration offsets. We evaluated stocks based on biotic value product habitat importance actual conditions. Habitat importance, unique for each class land cover recognized within study site, evaluation naturalness, rarity endangerment, substitutability. Actual conditions computed field-surveyed key ecological attributes vegetation structure, community composition diversity, processes, able restitute, 4–6 years only, approximately 73 % old-growth The ranges 0 mine lands 1 patchy savanna formations stocking above ironstone outcrops (locally known cangas) amounts 0.43 units/ha secondary forests. Between 2008 2021, detected comprehensive land-use area: Cangas, farmlands forests decreased, while minelands increased considerably. Despite degradation, emergence contributed positive balance areas managed by company (+379 units), dominated outside company's boundaries (−171 units). Although like-for-like compensation canga remains challenging, thus conclude efforts initiated effectively reversed trajectory degradation prevailing landscape provided considerable region.

Язык: Английский

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Global Justice and the Biodiversity Crisis

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Abstract The world is currently facing a biodiversity crisis that existing conservation policies have failed to arrest. Policymakers, academics, and the public are coming recognize much more ambitious in order. But raises major issues of global justice—even if connection between justice too seldom made. lion’s share funding spent North, even though most exists South, local people can often scarcely afford make sacrifices interests conservation. Many responses threaten exacerbate injustices, lock into poverty, exploit world’s poor. At extreme, aimed at protecting also been associated with exclusion, dispossession, violence. This book investigates how might be conserved without producing injustice. It distinguishes likely injustice promise reduce them. explains struggle formulate implement just vital our planet’s future.

Язык: Английский

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