Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 160, С. 114295 - 114295

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies develop remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are hosts digestive tract. gut have important roles energy metabolism, cellular communication, immunity, among other physiological activities. Although numerous metabolites, such as free fatty acids, amino vitamins, found intestine, generated equally vital for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, is sole source some including short-chain acids (SCFAs). microbiota, neurotransmitters hormones, may modulate significantly affect metabolism. The becoming recognized second endocrine system. A variety chronic inflammatory disorders been linked to aberrant host-microbiota interplays, but precise mechanisms underpinning disturbances they might lead diseases be fully elucidated. Microbiome-modulated promising targets new drug discovery due their function various complex disorders. In humans, metabolotherapy prevention or treatment will possible if we better understand metabolic preferences bacteria specific tissues organs. Better disease treatments with help novel complementary therapies that target bacterial consequences, functional interplays highlighted, summarized, discussed this overview.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 165, С. 115276 - 115276

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions immune inflammatory responses. For instance, reduces development interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits initiation Th2 response dendritic (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on polarization M2 macrophages, emphasizing immunomodulatory properties potential for therapeutics. In animal models asthma, both propionate suppress pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis leading to altered SCFA production been implicated prostate cancer progression. trigger autophagy promote accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing holds promise treatment. Additionally, enhance expression hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) blocking histone deacetylase, resulting increased antibacterial effectors improved macrophage-mediated elimination microorganisms. This highlights antimicrobial defense mechanisms. comprehensive review provides in-depth analysis latest functional aspects underlying mechanisms relation macrophage activities wide range diseases, including infectious diseases cancers. By elucidating intricate interplay between functions, this aims contribute understanding therapeutic pave way future interventions targeting disease management.

Язык: Английский

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Role of microbiota short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 162, С. 114620 - 114620

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

There is emerging evidence that microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in helath diseases. In this regard, gut has been found as a crucial component influences immune responses well immune-related disorders such autoimmune Gut bacterial dysbiosis shown to cause disease altered metabolite synthesis, leading immunological metabolic dysregulation. Of note, the produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, butyrate, propionate, remodeling these linked pathophysiology of number type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac systemic lupus erythematosus. review, we will address most recent findings from noteworthy studies investigating impact SCFAs on various

Язык: Английский

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The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 182, С. 106321 - 106321

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2022

The role of gut microbiota in regulating the intestinal homeostasis, as well pathogenesis severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) is widely recognized. bioactive functions metabolites with small molecule weight and detail molecular mechanisms PALI mediated by "gut-lung axis" have gradually raised attentions researchers. Several studies proved that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced microbiome play crucial roles varied activities process PALI. However, relevant reviews reporting SCFAs involvement lacking. In this review, we firstly introduced synthetic metabolic pathways SCFAs, transport signal transduction routes brief. Afterwards, focused on possible clues to participate fight against which referred inhibition pathogen proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement barrier functions, maintenance regulation immune homeostasis via pathogen-associated patterns (PAMPs) damage-associated (DAMPs). addition, latest reported pathological physiological gut-lung axis involved were reviewed. Finally, summarized potential therapeutic interventions targeting including dietary fiber supplementation, direct supplementation SCFAs/prebiotics/probiotics, drugs administration, expected provide new sights for clinical use future.

Язык: Английский

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The emerging role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in immunometabolism

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110, С. 108983 - 108983

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Immunometabolism in biofilm infection: lessons from cancer

Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2022

Abstract Background Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix, which can colonize different human cells and tissues subvert the host immune reactions by preventing detection polarizing towards anti-inflammatory state, promoting persistence biofilm-embedded host. Main body manuscript It now well established that function ultimately mediated cellular metabolism. The are stimulated to regulate their functions upon sensing danger signals. Recent studies have determined often display distinct metabolic alterations impair responses when triggered. Such reprogramming its physiological implications cancer situations. In bacterial infections, immuno-metabolic evaluations primarily focused on macrophages neutrophils planktonic growth mode. Conclusion Based differences inflammatory planktonic- versus biofilm-associated must also consider against biofilm infections. profound characterization cell could offer exciting novel targets for antibiofilm therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation and short-chain fatty acids reduce sepsis mortality by remodeling antibiotic-induced gut microbiota disturbances

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Objective Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. The gastrointestinal tract has long been thought to play an important role pathophysiology sepsis. Antibiotic therapy can reduce a patient’s commensal bacterial population and raise their risk developing subsequent illnesses, where gut microbiota dysbiosis may be key factor. Methods In this study, we analyzed 16S rRNA fecal samples from both healthy people patients with sepsis determine if alterations bacteria are associated Then, developed mouse model using cecal ligation puncture (CLP) order examine effects transplantation (FMT) short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on survival rate, systemic inflammatory response, microbiota, mucosal barrier function. Results patients’ composition significantly differed that people. At phylum level, amount Proteobacteria intestinal flora was much larger than control group, whereas number Firmicutes lower. Mice disorders (ANC group) were found have elevated death, inflammation, organ failure as compared CLP mice. However, all these could reversed by FMT SCFAs. SCFAs regulate abundance such Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Escherichia Shigella, Lactobacillus, restoring them levels comparable those addition, they increased expression Occludin protein colon mice sepsis, downregulated NLRP3 GSDMD-N proteins, reduced release factors IL-1β IL-18 inhibit cell pyroptosis, ultimately playing protective Disccusion provide microbe-related benefit suggesting viable treatment for

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and modulation of host-derived peptides formation: Focused on host defense peptides

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 162, С. 114586 - 114586

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

The byproducts of bacterial fermentation known as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are chemically comprised a carboxylic acid component and short hydrocarbon chain. Recent investigations have demonstrated that SCFAs can affect intestinal immunity by inducing endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) their beneficial effects on barrier integrity, gut health, energy supply, inflammation. HDPs, which include defensins, cathelicidins, C-type lectins, perform significant function in innate gastrointestinal mucosal membranes. been to stimulate HDP synthesis epithelial cells via interactions with G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), activation the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) Mitogen-activated protein (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) pathways, cell growth pathways. Furthermore, SCFA butyrate has enhance number HDPs released from macrophages. promote monocyte-to-macrophage development macrophages inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). Understanding etiology many common disorders might be facilitated studies into microbial metabolites, such SCFAs, molecular regulatory processes immune responses (e.g., production). This review will focus current knowledge role mechanism microbiota-derived influencing host-derived peptides, particularly HDPs.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota metabolites in the female reproductive system: Focused on the short-chain fatty acids

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(3), С. e14562 - e14562

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Several disorders have been linked to modifications in the gut microbial imbalance, intestinal epithelium, and host immune system. In this regard, microbiota derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key function regulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs), which affect modulation immunity inflammatory responses intestine other organs. Studies examining metabolites produced by polymicrobial bacterial vaginosis (BV) states Lactobacillus-dominated noted dramatic reduction lactic acid shift toward SCFA synthesis. Along with higher levels SCFAs, acetate is typically main metabolite cervicovaginal fluid women symptomatic vaginosis. The fact that SCFAs made vaginal shown exhibit antibacterial immune-modulating properties suggests they may promise as indicators disease and/or susceptibility. review, we overview summarize current findings on detrimental or protective roles especially health female reproductive

Язык: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis─A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(13), С. 14648 - 14671

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in development immune system homeostasis. Apart from gut microbiome, airway microbial community also forms distinct microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate existence communication between their metabolites with lung airways, called "gut–lung axis". Perturbations microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute chronic effects on pathophysiology diseases. Microbes stimulate various innate pathways, which modulate expression inflammatory genes pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, microbiota-derived such as short-chain fatty acids suppress inflammation through activation G protein-coupled receptors (free acid receptors) inhibit histone deacetylase, turn influences severity respiratory Thus, modulation composition probiotic/prebiotic usage fecal transplantation lead to alterations homeostasis immunity. resulting manipulation cells function key paves way for novel therapeutic strategies improving health individuals affected diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon mechanistic aspect programming exploration relationship gut–lung highlight potential management

Язык: Английский

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