Central regulation of stress-evoked peripheral immune responses

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(10), С. 591 - 604

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(9), С. 3625 - 3637

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Abstract The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on potential association between microbiota various neuropsychiatric disorders. resides in parts body, such oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, vagina. gut gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance role psychiatric neurodegenerative However, presents other tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial immune system homeostasis, thus influencing development progression For example, imbalance associated periodontitis might increase risk for Additionally, studies using postmortem brain samples have detected widespread presence bacteria brains patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview emerging host disorders discusses future directions, underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers microbiota, microbiota-targeted interventions, this field.

Язык: Английский

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Are “mystical experiences” essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

The growing interest in the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of dissociative anesthetic ketamine classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, is remarkable. However, both psychedelics are known to induce acute mystical experiences; can cause symptoms out-of-body experience, while typically bring about hallucinogenic experiences, like a profound sense unity with universe or nature. role these experiences enhancing outcomes for patients depression currently an area ongoing investigation debate. Clinical studies have shown that following administration (S)-ketamine (esketamine) not directly linked their properties. In contrast, potential (R)-ketamine (arketamine), thought lack side effects, has yet be conclusively proven large-scale clinical trials. Moreover, although activation serotonin 5-HT

Язык: Английский

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Arketamine, a new rapid-acting antidepressant: A historical review and future directions

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 218, С. 109219 - 109219

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2022

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist (R,S)-ketamine causes rapid onset and sustained antidepressant actions in treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar post-traumatic stress disorder. is a racemic mixture consisting of (R)-ketamine (or arketamine) (S)-ketamine esketamine), (S)-enantiomer having greater affinity for the NMDAR. In 2019, an esketamine nasal spray by Johnson & was approved USA Europe depression. contrast, increasing number preclinical studies show that arketamine has potency longer-lasting antidepressant-like effects than rodents, despite lower binding Importantly, side effects, i.e., psychotomimetic dissociative abuse liability, are less those animals humans. An open-label study demonstrated MDD. A phase 2 clinical trial MDD underway. This designed to review brief history novel arketamine, molecular mechanisms underlying its actions, future directions. article part Special Issue on 'Ketamine Metabolites'.

Язык: Английский

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A role of gut–microbiota–brain axis via subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in depression-like phenotypes in Chrna7 knock-out mice

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 120, С. 110652 - 110652

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Detrimental effects of COVID-19 in the brain and therapeutic options for long COVID: The role of Epstein–Barr virus and the gut–brain axis

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(12), С. 4968 - 4976

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a serious public health burden worldwide. In addition to respiratory, heart, and gastrointestinal symptoms, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience number of persistent neurological psychiatric known as long COVID or "brain fog". Studies autopsy samples from who died COVID-19 detected the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after might play role symptoms. Moreover, alterations microbiome contribute this article, author reviews detrimental effects on brain, biological mechanisms (e.g., EBV reactivation, changes gut, nasal, oral, lung microbiomes) underlying COVID. addition, discusses potential therapeutic approaches based gut-brain axis, including plant-based diet, probiotics prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, vagus nerve stimulation, sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine.

Язык: Английский

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Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 273(7), С. 1513 - 1525

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023

Cognitive impairment has been observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar (BD). Although modern therapeutic drugs can improve certain symptoms (i.e., psychosis, depression) these patients, have not found to cognitive impairment. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (R,S)-ketamine attracted attention as a rapidly acting antidepressant. In addition its robust antidepressant effects, suggested MDD BD, despite causing healthy control subjects. is racemic mixture of equal amounts (R)-ketamine (or arketamine) (S)-ketamine esketamine). Arketamine more potent antidepressant-like actions than esketamine rodents. Interestingly, arketamine, but esketamine, phencyclidine-induced deficits mice. Furthermore, arketamine ameliorate rodent offspring after maternal immune activation. the current article, it proposed that potential for treating disorders. Additionally, role gut-microbiome-brain axis disorders discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroinflammation through the vagus nerve-dependent gut–microbiota–brain axis in treatment-resistant depression

Progress in brain research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 61 - 77

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions

Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(3), С. 65 - 75

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely utilized in both human and veterinary anesthesia. Its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, similarly employed for anesthesia analgesia. The anesthetic effects of ketamine esketamine arise from their antagonism the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In field psychiatry, rapid-acting antidepressant properties severe depression have generated significant interest, resulting its increased off-label usage United States (U.S.). 2019, nasal spray received approval use U.S. Europe. However, concerns emerged regarding potential adverse effects, including long-term efficacy, addiction risks, suicide risk clinical settings. contrast, arketamine, (R)-enantiomer ketamine, exhibits superior longer-lasting rodent models depression, with fewer side compared to esketamine. Nevertheless, research on efficacy safety arketamine patients remains limited. This article provides concise exploration historical two enantiomers while also delving into future directions application these fields.

Язык: Английский

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Depression-like phenotypes in mice following common bile duct ligation: Insights into the gut–liver–brain axis via the vagus nerve

Neurobiology of Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 192, С. 106433 - 106433

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024

Depression frequently occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis, yet the reasons for this correlation are not fully understood. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated depression through gut–brain axis via vagus nerve. This study explored potential role gut–liver–brain nerve depression-like phenotypes mice cirrhosis. These underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), a method used to stimulate To assess behaviors, behavioral tests were conducted 10 days following either sham or CBDL surgeries. The displayed symptoms such as splenomegaly, elevated plasma levels interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, decreased synaptic proteins prefrontal cortex (PFC), disrupted balance, changes blood metabolites (or lipids). Additionally, there positive negative correlations between relative abundance microbiome data Significantly, these reversed by performing subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Intriguingly, improved after single injection arketamine, new antidepressant. results suggest that CBDL-induced mediated nerve, arketamine might offer treatment approach cirrhosis patients.

Язык: Английский

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