Pupil Size as a Window on Neural Substrates of Cognition

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(6), С. 466 - 480

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Rapid Reconfiguration of the Functional Connectome after Chemogenetic Locus Coeruleus Activation

Neuron, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 103(4), С. 702 - 718.e5

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Locus coeruleus norepinephrine activity mediates sensory-evoked awakenings from sleep

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(15)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2020

A defining feature of sleep is reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, but the mechanisms mediating sensory-evoked arousal remain unclear. We hypothesized that locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) activity during mediates unresponsiveness, and its action promotes awakenings. tested this using electrophysiological, behavioral, pharmacological, optogenetic techniques alongside auditory stimulation in freely behaving rats. found systemic reduction NE signaling lowered probability sound-evoked awakenings (SEAs). The level tonic LC anticipated SEAs. Optogenetic activation promoted as evident sleep-wake transitions, EEG desynchronization, pupil dilation. Minimal excitation before sound presentation increased SEA probability. silencing a soma-targeted anion-conducting channelrhodopsin (stGtACR2) suppressed spiking constricted pupils. Brief periods opto-silencing Thus, LC-NE determines likelihood awakenings, constitutes key factor behavioral unresponsiveness.

Язык: Английский

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Pupillometry as an integrated readout of distinct attentional networks

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(8), С. 635 - 647

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Humans Induces Pupil Dilation and Attenuates Alpha Oscillations

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41(2), С. 320 - 330

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2020

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is widely used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and depression. While the precise mechanisms mediating its long-term therapeutic effects are not fully resolved, they likely involve locus coeruleus (LC) via nucleus of solitary tract, which receives afferent vagal inputs. In rats, VNS elevates LC firing forebrain noradrenaline levels, whereas lesions suppress efficacy. Noninvasive transcutaneous (tVNS) uses electrical that targets auricular branch vagus at cymba conchae ear. However, extent tVNS mimics remains unclear. Here, we investigated short-term in healthy human male volunteers ( n = 24), using high-density EEG pupillometry during visual fixation rest. We compared short (3.4 s) trials sham earlobe (far from branch) control for somatosensory stimulation. Although did differ subjective intensity ratings, led robust pupil dilation (peaking 4–5 s after trial onset) was significantly higher than following further quantified, parallel factor analysis, how modulates idle occipital alpha (8–13Hz) activity identified each participant. found greater attenuation oscillations by This demonstrates reliably induces pupillary markers arousal beyond stimulation, thus supporting hypothesis other arousal-promoting neuromodulatory signaling, invasive VNS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Current noninvasive brain techniques mostly confined modulating cortical activity, as typical with transcranial magnetic or direct/alternating current Transcutaneous has been proposed stimulate subcortical nuclei, though previous studies yielded inconsistent results. Here show pulses naive induced transient oscillations. These line established on coeruleus–noradrenaline support Therefore, can be a tool studying endogenous signaling affects cognition, including perception, attention, memory, decision-making; also developing novel clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Vagus nerve stimulation induces widespread cortical and behavioral activation

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(10), С. 2088 - 2098.e3

Опубликована: Март 19, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Noradrenergic modulation of rhythmic neural activity shapes selective attention

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(1), С. 38 - 52

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Pupil diameter is not an accurate real-time readout of locus coeruleus activity

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022

Pupil diameter is often treated as a noninvasive readout of activity in the locus coeruleus (LC). However, how accurately it can be used to index LC not known. To address this question, we established graded relationship between pupil size changes and spiking mice, where dilation increased monotonically with number spikes. exists substantial variability such that only predict small fraction on moment-by-moment basis. In addition, exhibited large session-to-session fluctuations response identical optical stimulation LC. The variations pupil-LC were strongly correlated decision bias-related behavioral variables. Together, our data show an overall activity, further suggest dynamically modulated by brain states, supporting extending previous findings (Yang et al., 2021).

Язык: Английский

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Freezing revisited: coordinated autonomic and central optimization of threat coping

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(9), С. 568 - 580

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Norepinephrine links astrocytic activity to regulation of cortical state

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(4), С. 579 - 593

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

Abstract Cortical state, defined by population-level neuronal activity patterns, determines sensory perception. While arousal-associated neuromodulators—including norepinephrine (NE)—reduce cortical synchrony, how the cortex resynchronizes remains unknown. Furthermore, general mechanisms regulating synchrony in wake state are poorly understood. Using vivo imaging and electrophysiology mouse visual cortex, we describe a critical role for astrocytes circuit resynchronization. We characterize astrocytes’ calcium responses to changes behavioral arousal NE, show that signal when arousal-driven is reduced bi-hemispheric increased. pharmacology, uncover paradoxical, synchronizing response Adra1a receptor stimulation. reconcile these results demonstrating astrocyte-specific deletion of enhances activity, while impairing arousal-related synchrony. Our findings demonstrate astrocytic NE signaling acts as distinct neuromodulatory pathway, linking desynchrony

Язык: Английский

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