Regulation of ecdysone production in Drosophila by neuropeptides and peptide hormones

Open Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

In both mammals and insects, steroid hormones play a major role in directing the animal's progression through developmental stages. To maximize fitness outcomes, hormone production is regulated by environmental conditions experienced animal. ecdysone mediates transitions between stages response to factors such as nutrition. These signals are communicated ecdysone-producing gland via action of neuropeptide peptide signalling pathways. While some these pathways have been well characterized, there evidence suggest more than has previously thought function control production, potentially greater range conditions. Here, we review known regulate model genetic insect Drosophila melanogaster , what regarding that trigger Areas for future research highlighted can further contribute our overall understanding complex orchestration environmental, physiological cues together produce functioning adult organism.

Язык: Английский

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Transcriptional Regulators of Ecdysteroid Biosynthetic Enzymes and Their Roles in Insect Development

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022

Steroid hormones are responsible for coordinating many aspects of biological processes in most multicellular organisms, including insects. Ecdysteroid, the principal insect steroid hormone, is biosynthesized from dietary cholesterol or plant sterols. In last 20 years, a number ecdysteroidogenic enzymes, Noppera-bo, Neverland, Shroud, Spook/Spookier, Cyp6t3, Phantom, Disembodied, Shadow, and Shade, have been identified characterized molecular genetic studies using fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster . These enzymes encoded by genes collectively called Halloween genes. The transcriptional regulatory network, governed multiple regulators transcription, chromatin remodeling, endoreplication, has shown to be essential spatiotemporal expression control D. melanogaster. this review, we summarize latest information on that crucial controlling ecdysteroid biosynthetic their roles development.

Язык: Английский

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Endocrine Regulation of Lifespan in Insect Diapause

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022

Diapause is a physiological adaptation to conditions that are unfavorable for growth or reproduction. During diapause, animals become long-lived, stress-resistant, developmentally static, and non-reproductive, in the case of diapausing adults. has been observed at all developmental stages both vertebrates invertebrates. In adults, diapause traits weaken into adaptations such as hibernation, estivation, dormancy, torpor, which represent evolutionarily diverse versions traditional traits. These regulated through modifications endocrine program guiding development. insects, this typically includes changes molting hormones, well metabolic signals limit while skewing organism’s energetic demands toward conservation. While much work done characterize these modifications, interactions between hormones their downstream consequences incompletely understood. The current state endocrinology reviewed here highlight relevance beyond its use model study seasonality Specifically, insect an emerging mechanisms determine lifespan. induction represents dramatic change normal progression age. Hormones juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, prothoracicotropic hormone well-known modulate plasticity. diapause—and by extension, cessation aging—is coordinated pathways. However, research directly connecting biology aging lacking. This review explores connections perspective signaling. fields suggests appreciable overlap will greatly contribute our understanding lifespan determination.

Язык: Английский

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The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(6), С. 2338 - 2375

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

ABSTRACT Exoskeletons are a defining character of all arthropods that provide physical support for their segmented bodies and appendages as well protection from the environment predation. This ubiquitous yet evolutionarily variable feature has been instrumental in facilitating adoption variety lifestyles exploitation ecological niches across environments. Throughout radiation produced more than one million described modern species, adaptability afforded by segmentation exoskeletons led to diversity is unrivalled amongst animals. However, because limited extensibility exoskeleton chitin cuticle components, they must be periodically shed replaced with new larger ones, notably accommodate growing individuals encased within. Therefore, grow discontinuously undergoing periodic moulting events, which follow series steps preparatory pre‐moult phase ecdysis itself post‐moult maturation exoskeletons. Each event represents particularly vulnerable period an arthropod's life cycle, so processes tightly regulated meticulously executed ensure successful transitions normal growth development. Decades research representative foundation understanding mechanisms involved. Building on this, studies continue develop test hypotheses presence function molecular including neuropeptides, hormones, receptors, so‐called early, late, fate genes, arthropod diversity. Here, we review literature comprehensive overview status accumulated knowledge genetic toolkit governing moulting. From biosynthesis regulation ecdysteroid sesquiterpenoid factors involved hormonal stimulation responses remodelling, identify commonalities differences, highlighting major gaps, groups. We examine available evidence supporting current models how components operate together prepare for, execute, recover ecdysis, comparing reports Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda. Evidence generally highly taxonomically imbalanced, most based insect study systems. Biases also evident different phases processes, early triggers late effectors being least explored. Our synthesis contrasts reported observations reasonably plausible assumptions given taxonomic sampling, exposes weak or gaps need addressing. Encouragingly, advances genomics driving diversification tractable systems cataloguing putative toolkits previously under‐explored taxa. Analysis genome transcriptome data supported experimental investigations have validated “ultra‐conserved” core genes processes. The machinery likely evolved elaborations this conserved pathway backbone, but exploration needed characterise lineage‐specific changes novelties. Furthermore, linking these transformative innovations Arthropoda remains hampered untested assumptions. Promisingly however, emerging framework highlights avenues underlying genetics dynamic biology through complex physiology

Язык: Английский

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Interorgan communication through peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila

Fly, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 152 - 176

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

In multicellular organisms, endocrine factors such as hormones and cytokines regulate development homoeostasis through communication between different organs. For understanding interorgan communications factors, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves an excellent model system due to conservation of essential systems flies mammals availability powerful genetic tools. other insects, functions neuropeptides or peptide from central nervous have been extensively studied. However, a series recent studies conducted in revealed that derived peripheral tissues also play critical roles regulating multiple biological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, behaviour. Here, we summarise advances target organs/tissues peripherally describe how these contribute various events communications.

Язык: Английский

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Integrated ML-Based Strategy Identifies Drug Repurposing for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(27), С. 29870 - 29883

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects an estimated global population of around 3 million individuals. IPF is a medical condition with unknown cause characterized by the formation scar tissue in lungs, leading to progressive respiratory disease. Currently, there are only two FDA-approved small molecule drugs specifically for treatment and this has created demand rapid development treatment. Moreover, denovo drug time cost-intensive less than 10% success rate. Drug repurposing currently most feasible option rapidly making market rare sporadic Normally, begins screening using computational tools, which results low hit Here, integrated machine learning-based strategy developed significantly reduce false positive outcomes introducing predock machine-learning-based predictions followed literature GSEA-assisted validation pathway prediction. The deployed 1480 clinical trial screen them against "TGFB1", "TGFB2", "PDGFR-a", "SMAD-2/3", "FGF-2", more proteins resulting 247 total 27 potentially repurposable drugs. GSEA suggested that 72 (29.14%) have been tried IPF, 13 (5.2%) already used lung fibrosis, 20 (8%) tested other fibrotic conditions such as cystic renal fibrosis. Pathway prediction remaining 142 was carried out 118 distinct pathways. Furthermore, analysis revealed 29 pathways were directly or indirectly involved 11 involved. 15 potential combinations showing strong synergistic effect IPF. reported here will be useful developing treating related conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Early attainment of 20-hydroxyecdysone threshold shapes mosquito sexual dimorphism in developmental timing

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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RNAi in the Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium Castaneum): Current Status and Future Perspectives

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Egfr signaling promotes juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the German cockroach

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2022

Abstract Background In insects, an interplay between the activities of distinct hormones, such as juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), regulates progression through numerous life history hallmarks. As a crucial endocrine factor, JH is mainly synthesized in corpora allata (CA) to regulate multiple physiological developmental processes, including molting, metamorphosis, reproduction. During last century, significant progress has been achieved elucidating signal transduction pathway, while less made dissecting regulatory mechanism biosynthesis. Previous work shown that receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling biosynthesis both insects mammals. Here, we performed systematic RNA interference (RNAi) screening identify RTKs involved regulating CA adult Blattella germanica females. Results We found epidermal growth factor (Egfr) required for promoting The Egf ligands Vein Spitz activate Egfr, followed by Ras/Raf/ERK signaling, finally activation downstream transcription Pointed (Pnt). Importantly, Pnt induces transcriptional expression two key enzyme-encoding genes pathway: acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) methyl farnesoate epoxidase (CYP15A1). Dual-luciferase reporter assay shows able promoter region Jhamt . addition, electrophoretic mobility shift confirms directly binds − 941~ 886 nt promoter. Conclusions This study reveals detailed molecular Egfr German cockroach, shedding light on intricate regulation during insect development.

Язык: Английский

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Timed receptor tyrosine kinase signaling couples the central and a peripheral circadian clock in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(11)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

Circadian clocks impose daily periodicities to behavior, physiology, and metabolism. This control is mediated by a central clock peripheral clocks, which are synchronized provide the organism with unified time through mechanisms that not fully understood. Here, we characterized in Drosophila cellular molecular involved coupling located prothoracic gland (PG), together circadian rhythm of emergence adult flies. The signal from neurons transmitted via small neuropeptide F (sNPF) produce Prothoracicotropic Hormone (PTTH), then translated into oscillations Ca 2+ concentration PTTH levels. signaling required at end metamorphosis transmits information PG changes expression receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), TORSO, ERK phosphorylation, key component transduction. In addition PTTH, demonstrate other RTKs contributes rhythmicity emergence. Interestingly, ligand one these receptors (Pvf2) plays an autocrine role PG, may explain why both brain for gating Our findings show between unexpectedly complex involves several act concert could serve as paradigm understand how coordinated.

Язык: Английский

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