Healthspan and lifespan extension by fecal microbiota transplantation into progeroid mice

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(8), С. 1234 - 1242

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2019

The microorganisms within the intestinal tract (termed microbiota) have been shown to interact with gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between gut and brain mediated by hormonal, immune neural signals. Through these interactions, microbiota might affect behaviors, including feeding behavior, digestive/absorptive processes (e.g. modulating motility barrier), metabolism, as well response, repercussions on energy homeostasis health of host. To date, research in this field has mostly focused mammals. Studies non-mammalian models such fish may provide novel insights into specific mechanisms involved microbiota-brain-gut axis. This review describes our current knowledge possible effects feeding, digestive processes, growth fish, emphasis influence hormones, environmental factors inter-specific differences.

Язык: Английский

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Gut-Brain Psychology: Rethinking Psychology From the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2018

Mental disorders and neurological diseases have brought rapidly increasing medical burdens. Although extensive researches been conducted hugely, effective therapies still progressing slowly. Current dilemma reminds us that the human is a superorganism. Only if we take self its partner microbiota into consideration at same time can better understand these diseases. Over last few centuries, has experienced tremendous changes much more than own genes because of modern transformations in diet, lifestyle, care, so on, paralleling epidemiological transition. Existing research indicates gut plays an important role this According to gut–brain psychology, crucial part gut–brain, it communicates with brain via microbiota–gut–brain axis. The almost develops synchronously brain, mind. Gut influences various normal mental processes phenomena they are involved pathophysiology numerous Targeting therapy for promising approach supported by three theories: hypothesis, "old friend" leaky theory. effects behavior fulfilled through microbiota-gut-brain axis which mainly composed nervous pathway, endocrine immune pathway. Undoubtedly, psychology will bring great enhancement neuroscience, psychiatry. Various improving methods including FMT, probiotics, prebiotics, healthy lifestyle shown capability promote function brain. Harnessing improve health, prevent related be true future.

Язык: Английский

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A review of 10 years of human microbiome research activities at the US National Institutes of Health, Fiscal Years 2007-2016

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2019

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary federal government agency for biomedical research in USA. NIH provides extensive support human microbiome with 21 27 and Centers (ICs) currently funding this area through their extramural programs. This analysis portfolio briefly reviews early history field at NIH, summarizes program objectives resources developed recently completed 10-year (fiscal years 2007–2016) $215 M Human Microbiome Project (HMP) program, evaluates scope range $728 investment activities outside HMP over fiscal 2012–2016, highlights some specific areas which emerged from investment. closes a few comments on technical needs knowledge gaps remain to be able advance next decade outcomes progress microbiome-based interventions treating disease supporting health.

Язык: Английский

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Microbe-mediated intestinal NOD2 stimulation improves linear growth of undernourished infant mice

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 379(6634), С. 826 - 833

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

The intestinal microbiota is known to influence postnatal growth. We previously found that a strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (strain Lp WJL ) buffers the adverse effects chronic undernutrition on growth juvenile germ-free mice. Here, we report sustains malnourished conventional animals and supports both insulin-like factor–1 (IGF-1) insulin production activity. have identified cell walls isolated from , as well muramyl dipeptide mifamurtide, sufficient cues stimulate animal despite undernutrition. Further, NOD2 necessary in epithelial cells for -mediated IGF-1 promotion animals. These findings indicate that, coupled with renutrition, bacteria or purified ligands potential alleviate stunting.

Язык: Английский

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Drosophila Perpetuates Nutritional Mutualism by Promoting the Fitness of Its Intestinal Symbiont Lactobacillus plantarum

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 27(2), С. 362 - 377.e8

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2017

Facultative animal-bacteria symbioses, which are critical determinants of animal fitness, largely assumed to be mutualistic. However, whether commensal bacteria benefit from the association has not been rigorously assessed. Using a simple and tractable gnotobiotic model— Drosophila mono-associated with one its dominant commensals, Lactobacillus plantarum—we reveal that in addition benefiting growth, this facultative symbiosis positive impact on fitness. We find encounter strong cost during gut transit, yet larvae-derived maintenance factors override increase bacterial population thus perpetuating symbiosis. In addition, we demonstrate is required for achieving maximum growth benefits upon chronic undernutrition. Taken together, our study establishes prototypical case nutritional mutualism, whereby farming mechanism perpetuates symbiosis, bolsters fitness gains both partners poor conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of a Ketogenic Diet in Children and Adolescents with Refractory Epilepsy—A Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(6), С. 1809 - 1809

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Epilepsy in the pediatric and adolescent populations is a devastating condition where individuals are prone to recurrent epileptic seizures or changes behavior movement that direct result of primary change electrical activity brain. Although many children with epilepsy will have controlled antiseizure medications (ASMs), large percentage patients refractory drug therapy may consider initiating ketogenic diet. The term Ketogenic Diet Therapy (KDT) refers any diet which dietary composition results state human metabolism. Currently, there 4 major therapies—the classic (cKD), modified Atkins (MAD), medium chain triglyceride (MCTKD) low glycemic index treatment (LGIT). compositions main KDTs differ limited evidence distinguish efficacy among different diets currently exists. it apparent more randomized trials (RCTs) long-term studies needed evaluate efficacy, side effects individual response diet, imperative study understand metabolic profiles order isolate restrictions necessary maximize clinical benefit.

Язык: Английский

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Ageing, metabolism and the intestine

EMBO Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2020

The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to the environment and integrates variety of signals, including those from metabolites, commensal microbiota, immune responses stressors upon ageing. intestine is constantly challenged requires high renewal rate replace damaged cells in order maintain its function. Essential for capacity are stem cells, which give rise progenitor that differentiate into multiple cell types present epithelium. Here, we review current state research how metabolism ageing control function epithelial homeostasis. We focus on recent insights gained model organisms indicate changes metabolic signalling during major driver loss plasticity homeostasis, ultimately affecting resilience an organism limiting lifespan. compare findings made mouse Drosophila discuss differences commonalities underlying pathways mechanisms context

Язык: Английский

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Toward Understanding Microbiome-Neuronal Signaling

Molecular Cell, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 78(4), С. 577 - 583

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Serum cortisol mediates the relationship between fecal Ruminococcus and brain N-acetylaspartate in the young pig

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(6), С. 589 - 600

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2017

A dynamic relationship between the gut microbiota and brain is pivotal in neonatal development. Dysbiosis of microbiome may result altered neurodevelopment; however, it unclear which specific members are most influential what factors might mediate brain. Twenty-four vaginally-derived male piglets were subjected to magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 30 d age. Ascending colon contents, feces, blood collected analyzed for volatile fatty acids, relative abundance by 16s rRNA, serum metabolites, respectively. mediation analysis was performed assess mediatory effect biomarkers on neurometabolites. Results indicated fecal Ruminococcus Butyricimonas predicted N-acetylaspartate (NAA). Analysis independently serotonin cortisol. 3-step indicated: i) negatively NAA, ii) cortisol, iii) a significant indirect (i.e., through cortisol NAA) observed direct became insignificant. Thus, fully mediated NAA. Using spectroscopy, this study used statistical provides novel perspective into potential underlying mechanisms shape This first link Ruminococcus, NAA vivo, these findings substantiated previous literature indicating be etiology neurodevelopmental disorders.

Язык: Английский

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