Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(3), С. 622 - 622

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2020

With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and decline various cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence characterized increased susceptibility to infections, more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, an prevalence autoimmunity cancer. Physiologically, has some adaptive strategies cope with aging, while settings, maladaptive responses aggravate speed aging morbidity. While lack physical activity, muscle mass, poor nutritional status facilitate inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise dietary habits affect positively. This review will discuss relevance mechanisms immunoprotection through activity specific interventions. In second part, we focus on effect interventions supplementation essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics (with special kynurenine pathway).

Язык: Английский

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Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 67, С. 101268 - 101268

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Impact of a Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Obesity or Overweight and with or without Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(7), С. 2005 - 2005

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2020

The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the efficacy a ketogenic diet in metabolic control patients with overweight or obesity and without type 2 diabetes. Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials that enrolled on control. Fourteen studies included meta-analysis. effects diets glycemic greater diabetic relative those low-fat diets, indicated by lower glycated hemoglobin (SMD, -0.62; p < 0.001) homeostatic model assessment index -0.29; = 0.02), while comparable observed nondiabetic patients. Ketogenic led substantial weight reduction -0.46; 0.04) irrespective patients' diabetes status at baseline improved lipid profiles terms triglyceride -0.45; 0.01) high-density lipoprotein 0.31; 0.005) Other risk markers showed no between-group difference post intervention. Our study findings confirmed more effective improving parameters associated glycemic, weight, controls obesity, especially preexisting diabetes, as compared diets. This effect may contribute improvements dysfunction-related morbidity mortality these patient populations.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota during Dietary Restrictions: New Insights in Non-Communicable Diseases

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(8), С. 1140 - 1140

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2020

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in dietary restrictions for their promising effects on longevity and health span. Indeed, these strategies are supposed to delay the onset burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, cancer neurological gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. At same time, gut microbiota shown play crucial role NCDs since it is actively involved maintaining homeostasis through its impact nutrients metabolism, barrier, immune system. There evidence that could slow down age-related changes types numbers bacteria, which may counteract dysbiosis. The beneficial positively influence host barrier permeability, brain functions, subsequently, postpone prolonging These new insights lead development novel modulating with end goal treating/preventing NCDs. This review provides an overview animal human studies focusing variations during different restriction, order highlight close relationship between balance host’s benefits induced by nutritional regimens.

Язык: Английский

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Short-term time-restricted feeding is safe and feasible in non-obese healthy midlife and older adults

GeroScience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 42(2), С. 667 - 686

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Intermittent Fasting Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Alters Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 106(1), С. 64 - 79

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2020

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an effective strategy to improve cardiometabolic health.The objective of this work examine the effects IF on risk factors and gut microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).A randomized clinical trial was conducted at a community health service center.Participants included adults MS, age 30 50 years.Intervention consisted 8 weeks "2-day" modified IF.Cardiometabolic including body composition, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, endothelial function were assessed baseline weeks. The diversity, functional pathways microbiota, as well circulating gut-derived metabolites, measured.Thirty-nine MS included: 21 group 18 control group. On days, participants reduced 69% their calorie intake compared nonfasting days. 8-week significantly fat mass, ameliorated modulated improved vasodilatory parameters. Furthermore, induced significant changes communities, increased production short-chain fatty acids, decreased levels lipopolysaccharides. alteration attributed associated cardiovascular resulted distinct genetic shifts carbohydrate metabolism community.IF induces microbial manner closely mitigation factors. study provides potential mechanistic insights into prevention adverse outcomes MS.

Язык: Английский

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The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(23), С. 8985 - 8985

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2020

In obese individuals, atherogenic dyslipidemia is a very common and important factor in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adiposity-associated characterized by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels an increase triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several factors mechanisms are involved lowering HDL-C state HDL quantity quality closely related to adiponectin bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Recent studies have shown that obesity profoundly alters metabolism, resulting altered subclass distribution, composition, function. Importantly, weight loss through gastric bypass surgery Mediterranean diet, especially when enriched with virgin olive oil, associated significantly improved metrics A thorough understanding underlying crucial for better impact on metabolism development appropriate therapeutic approaches. The objective this review article was summarize newly identified changes function discuss possible pathophysiological consequences.

Язык: Английский

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Intermittent fasting in the prevention and treatment of cancer

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 71(6), С. 527 - 546

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2021

Abstract Chronic caloric restriction (CR) has powerful anticarcinogenic actions in both preclinical and clinical studies but may be difficult to sustain. As an alternative CR, there been growing interest intermittent fasting (IF) the scientific lay community as a result of promising study results, mainly experimental animal models. According survey by International Food Information Council Foundation, IF become most popular diet last year, patients with cancer are seeking advice from oncologists about its beneficial effects for prevention treatment. However, discussed this review, results rodents controversial suggest potential detrimental certain oncologic conditions. The on human incidence prognosis remain unknown because lack high‐quality randomized trials. Preliminary that prolonged some who have is safe potentially capable decreasing chemotherapy‐related toxicity tumor growth. additional trials needed elucidate risks benefits cancer, authors would not currently recommend undergoing active treatment partake outside context trial. considered adults cancer‐prevention through means weight management, whether itself affects cancer‐related metabolic molecular pathways remains unanswered.

Язык: Английский

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Diet and exercise in NAFLD/NASH: Beyond the obvious

Liver International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(10), С. 2249 - 2268

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2021

Lifestyle represents the most relevant factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Although a tremendous body clinical and preclinical data on effectiveness dietary lifestyle interventions exist, complexity this topic makes firm evidence-based recommendations nutrition exercise in NAFLD difficult. The aim review is to guide readers through labyrinth recent scientific findings diet steatohepatitis (NASH), summarizing "obvious" holistic manner simultaneously highlighting stimulating aspects translational research "beyond obvious". Specifically, importance calorie restriction regardless composition evidence from low-carbohydrate diets target incidence severity are discussed. aspect ketogenesis-potentially achieved via intermittent restriction-seems be central these warranting further investigation. Interactions with gut microbiota individual genetic background need comprehensively understood order develop personalized concepts strategies patients NAFLD/NASH.

Язык: Английский

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