Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
44(23), С. e0107242024 - e0107242024
Опубликована: Май 7, 2024
Drugs
of
abuse
cause
changes
in
the
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
and
associated
regions
that
impair
inhibitory
control
over
drug-seeking.
Breaking
contingencies
between
drug-associated
cues
delivery
reward
during
extinction
learning
reduces
relapse.
Vagus
nerve
stimulation
(VNS)
has
previously
been
shown
to
enhance
reduce
Here
we
determined
effects
VNS-mediated
release
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
on
cue-induced
reinstatement
male
rats
trained
self-administer
cocaine.
Pairing
10
d
training
with
VNS
facilitated
reduced
drug-seeking
behavior
reinstatement.
Rats
received
a
single
session
showed
elevated
BDNF
levels
medial
PFC
as
via
an
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay.
Systemic
blockade
tropomyosin
receptor
kinase
B
(TrkB)
receptors
extinction,
TrkB
antagonist
ANA-12,
decreased
Whole-cell
recordings
brain
slices
cocaine
self-administration
induced
alterations
ratio
AMPA
NMDA
receptor-mediated
currents
Layer
5
pyramidal
neurons
infralimbic
(IL).
reversed
cocaine-induced
glutamatergic
transmission
by
enhancing
AMPAR
currents,
this
effect
was
blocked
ANA-12.
Our
study
suggests
consolidates
reversing
drug-induced
synaptic
IL,
is
abolished
blocking
highlighting
potential
mechanism
for
therapeutic
addiction.
Nature Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(10), С. 1856 - 1865
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024
Application
of
the
physical
laws
energy
and
mass
conservation
at
whole-body
level
is
not
necessarily
informative
about
causal
mechanisms
weight
gain
development
obesity.
The
balance
model
(EBM)
carbohydrate-insulin
(CIM)
are
two
plausible
theories,
among
several
others,
attempting
to
explain
why
obesity
develops
within
an
overall
common
physiological
framework
regulation
human
metabolism.
These
models
have
been
used
pathogenesis
in
individuals
as
well
dramatic
increases
prevalence
worldwide
over
past
half
century.
Here,
we
summarize
outcomes
a
recent
workshop
Copenhagen
that
brought
together
experts
from
around
world
discuss
pathogenesis.
discussions
helped
operationally
define
commonly
terms;
delineate
structure
each
model,
particularly
focussing
on
areas
overlap
divergence;
challenge
ideas
importance
purported
factors
for
gain;
brainstorm
key
scientific
questions
need
be
answered.
We
hope
more
experimental
research
nutrition
other
related
fields,
testing
their
predictions
will
pave
way
provide
answers
than
those
currently
available.
Nature Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
The
hippocampus
(HPC)
has
emerged
as
a
critical
player
in
the
control
of
food
intake,
beyond
its
well-known
role
memory.
While
previous
studies
have
primarily
associated
HPC
with
intake
inhibition,
recent
research
suggests
appetitive
processes.
Here
we
identified
spatially
distinct
neuronal
populations
within
dorsal
(dHPC)
that
respond
to
either
fats
or
sugars,
potent
natural
reinforcers
contribute
obesity
development.
Using
activity-dependent
genetic
capture
nutrient-responsive
dHPC
neurons,
demonstrate
causal
both
promoting
nutrient-specific
through
different
mechanisms.
Sugar-responsive
neurons
encoded
spatial
memory
for
sugar
location,
whereas
fat-responsive
selectively
enhanced
preference
and
motivation
fat
intake.
Importantly,
stimulation
increased
while
ablation
differentially
impacted
obesogenic
diet
consumption
prevented
diet-induced
weight
gain.
Collectively,
these
findings
uncover
previously
unknown
orexigenic
circuits
underlying
macronutrient-specific
provide
foundation
developing
potential
treatments.
Yang
et
al.
identify
characterize
sugar-
their
contribution
development
obesity.
