Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
We
present
numerical
results
on
the
effects
of
two
presynaptic
FitzHugh–Nagumo
neurons
a
postsynaptic
neuron
under
unidirectional
electrical
coupling.
The
affect
not
simultaneously
but
with
certain
time
shift.
consider
cases
where
amplitudes
spikes
can
be
both
higher
and
lower
than
excitation
threshold
level.
latter
case
receives
main
attention
in
our
work.
carefully
examine
conditions
which
is
excited
by
asynchronous
external
spikes.
With
arbitrarily
chosen
parameters,
almost
incapable
accumulating
energy
signals,
unlike,
for
example,
leaky
integrate-and-fire
neuron.
In
this
case,
only
excites
very
short
delay
between
impulses.
However,
we
have
discovered,
first
time,
parameter
region
possible
even
significant
delays
impulses
subthreshold
amplitudes.
explain
effect
detail
describe
mechanism
behind
its
occurrence.
identify
boundaries
plane
coupling
coefficient
varying
control
values
neurons.
has
previously
been
used
as
node
spiking
neural
networks
training
via
spike-timing-dependent
plasticity
due
to
lack
an
effect.
detection
range
parameters
makes
potential
application
STDP
possible.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 143 - 143
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2025
Brain
plasticity
is
at
the
basis
of
many
cognitive
functions,
including
learning
and
memory.
It
includes
several
mechanisms
synaptic
extrasynaptic
changes,
neurogenesis,
formation
elimination
synapses.
The
transmission
involves
expression
immediate
early
genes
(IEGs)
that
regulate
neuronal
activity,
thereby
supporting
In
addition,
IEGs
are
involved
in
regulation
brain
cells’
metabolism,
proliferation,
survival,
establishment
multicellular
ensembles,
and,
presumably,
cell
competition
tissue.
this
review,
we
analyze
current
understanding
role
(c-Fos,
c-Myc,
Arg3.1/Arc)
controlling
physiological
pathological
conditions,
aging
neurodegeneration.
This
work
might
inspire
new
gene
therapy
strategies
targeting
to
plasticity,
potentially
prevent
or
mitigate
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(8), С. 114503 - 114503
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
Synaptic
plasticities,
such
as
long-term
potentiation
(LTP)
and
depression
(LTD),
tune
synaptic
efficacy
are
essential
for
learning
memory.
Current
studies
of
plasticity
in
humans
limited
by
a
lack
adequate
human
models.
Here,
we
modeled
the
thalamocortical
system
fusing
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell-derived
thalamic
cortical
organoids.
Single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
revealed
that
>80%
cells
organoids
were
glutamatergic
neurons.
When
fused
to
form
assembloids,
formed
reciprocal
long-range
axonal
projections
synapses
detectable
light
electron
microscopy,
respectively.
Using
whole-cell
patch-clamp
electrophysiology
two-photon
imaging,
characterized
transmission.
Thalamocortical
corticothalamic
displayed
short-term
analogous
animal
LTP
LTD
reliably
at
both
synapses;
however,
their
mechanisms
differed
from
those
previously
described
rodents.
Thus,
assembloids
provide
model
exploring
circuits.
Neurology International,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(3), С. 567 - 589
Опубликована: Май 14, 2024
Paired
associative
stimulation
(PAS)
is
a
non-invasive
brain
technique
combining
transcranial
magnetic
and
peripheral
nerve
stimulation.
PAS
allows
connections
between
cortical
areas
nerves
(C/P
PAS)
or
regions
(C/C
to
be
strengthened
weakened
by
spike-timing-dependent
neural
plasticity
mechanisms.
Since
modulates
both
neurophysiological
features
motor
performance,
there
growing
interest
in
its
application
neurorehabilitation.
We
aimed
synthesize
evidence
on
the
rehabilitation
role
of
stroke
patients.
performed
literature
search
following
PRISMA
Extension
for
Scoping
Reviews
Framework.
Eight
studies
were
included:
one
investigated
C/C
cerebellum
affected
primary
area
(M1),
seven
applied
C/P
over
lesional,
contralesional,
M1.
Seven
evaluated
outcome
upper
limb
lower
recovery.
Although
several
omit
crucial
methodological
details,
highlighted
effects
mainly
corticospinal
excitability,
and,
more
rarely,
an
improvement
performance.
However,
most
failed
prove
correlation
changes
improvement.
current
seem
suggest
post-stroke
rehabilitation,
their
heterogeneity
limited
number
do
not
yet
allow
definitive
conclusions
drawn.
In
the
textbook
view,
NMDA
receptors
(NMDARs)
act
as
coincidence
detectors
in
Hebbian
plasticity
by
fluxing
Ca
2+
when
simultaneously
depolarized
and
glutamate
bound.
detection
requires
that
NMDARs
be
located
postsynaptically,
but
enigmatic
presynaptic
(preNMDARs)
also
exist.
It
is
known
preNMDARs
regulate
neurotransmitter
release,
precisely
how
remains
poorly
understood.
Emerging
evidence
suggest
can
signal
non-ionotropically,
without
need
for
flux.
At
synapses
between
developing
visual
cortex
layer-5
(L5)
pyramidal
cells
(PCs),
rely
on
Mg
Rab3-interacting
molecule
1αβ
(RIM1αβ)
to
evoked
release
during
periods
of
high-frequency
firing,
they
non-ionotropically
via
c-Jun
N-terminal
kinase
2
(JNK2)
spontaneous
regardless
frequency.
same
synapses,
timing-
dependent
long-term
depression
(tLTD)
depends
not
We
therefore
tested
if
tLTD
relies
non-ionotropic
preNMDAR
signaling.
found
at
L5
PC→PC
was
abolished
pre-
postsynaptic
NMDAR
deletion,
cementing
view
preNMDARs.
agreement
with
signaling,
prevailed
after
channel
pore
blockade
MK-801,
unlike
tLTP.
Homozygous
RIM1αβ
deletion
did
affect
tLTD,
wash-in
JNK2
blocker
SP600125
tLTD.
Consistent
a
JNK2,
peptide
blocking
interaction
Syntaxin-1a
(STX1a)
loaded
Finally,
low-frequency
blocked
nor
7-CK,
non-competitive
antagonist
co-agonist
site.
conclude
neocortical
signaling
JNK2/STX1a.
Our
study
brings
closure
long-standing
controversy
surrounding
highlights
ionotropic
needs
reassessed.
This
review
investigates
the
transformative
potential
of
neuromorphic
computing
in
advancing
biointegrated
electronics,
with
a
particular
emphasis
on
applications
medical
sensing,
diagnostics,
and
therapeutic
interventions.
By
examining
convergence
edge
principles,
we
explore
how
emulating
operational
principles
human
brain
can
enhance
energy
efficiency
functionality
electronics.
The
begins
an
introduction
to
recent
breakthroughs
materials
circuit
designs
that
aim
mimic
various
aspects
biological
nervous
system.
Subsequent
sections
synthesize
demonstrations
systems
designed
augment
healthcare-related
electronic
systems,
including
those
capable
direct
signal
communication
tissues.
devices
remain
nascent
stage,
relatively
limited
number
publications
available.
current
aims
meticulously
summarize
these
pioneering
studies
evaluate
state
propose
future
directions
advance
interdisciplinary
field.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024
Environmental
rhythms
such
as
the
daily
light-dark
cycle
selected
for
endogenous
clocks.
These
clocks
predict
regular
environmental
changes
and
provide
basis
well-timed
adaptive
homeostasis
in
physiology
behavior
of
organisms.
Endogenous
are
oscillators
that
based
on
positive
feedforward
negative
feedback
loops.
They
generate
stable
even
under
constant
conditions.
Since
weak
interactions
between
allow
autonomous
synchronization,
coupling/synchronization
provides
self-organized
physiological
timing.
Amongst
most
thoroughly
researched
circadian
clock
neurons
mammals
insects.
comprise
nuclear
clockworks
transcriptional/translational
loops
(TTFL)
∼24
h
gene
expression
entrained
to
day-night
cycle.
It
is
generally
assumed
this
TTFL
clockwork
drives
all
oscillations
within
cells,
being
any
rhythm
Instead
current
gene-based
hierarchical
model
we
here
a
systems
view
We
suggest
coupled
system
posttranslational
loop
(PTFL)
oscillators/clocks
run
at
multiple
timescales
governs
adaptive,
dynamic
behavior.
focus
mammalian
insect
timescales.
neuronal
plasma
membrane-associated
signalosomes
constitute
specific
PTFL
localized
but
interlinked
membrane
potential
intracellular
messengers
with
frequencies.
In
each
neuron
multiscale
form
temporally
structured
oscillatory
network
common
complex
frequency-band
comprising
superimposed
oscillations.
Coupling
oscillator/clock
next
level
complexity
an
network.
This
systemic
molecular
cellular
suggested
cycles
through
homeostatic
setpoints
characteristic
hallmark.
propose
mechanisms
plasticity
maintain
stability
these
setpoints,
whereas
Hebbian
enables
switching
via
coupling
factors,
like
biogenic
amines
and/or
neuropeptides.
reprogram
new
frequency,
setpoint.
Our
novel
hypothesis
up
experimental
challenge.