Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

Journal of Clinical Psychology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 76(3), С. 329 - 355

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2019

Abstract Objective The present meta‐analysis consolidated research examining how positive expectancies (e.g., hope, self‐efficacy, and optimism) may protect against the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method Articles were identified by searching PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations Theses databases. Results Aggregated results from 154 studies indicated that associated with lower levels PTSD symptoms. This relationship was stronger for coping‐specific self‐efficacy ( k = 38, r −.49; −.54 to −.43) hope 20, −.34; −.39 −.28) compared general 45, −.25; −.30 −.20) optimism 59, −.29; −.33 −.25) when cross‐sectional studies, consistent in prospective studies. Age gender did not moderate relationships. Conclusions These findings indicate predict post‐trauma resilience. Future should identify moderators examine as mechanisms change therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Genome-wide Association Studies of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in 2 Cohorts of US Army Soldiers

JAMA Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 73(7), С. 695 - 695

Опубликована: Май 11, 2016

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, serious public health concern, particularly in the military. The identification of genetic risk factors for PTSD may provide important insights into biological foundation vulnerability and comorbidity.To discover loci associated with lifetime 2 cohorts from Army Study to Assess Risk Resilience Servicemembers (Army STARRS).Two coordinated genome-wide association studies mental US military contributed participants. New Soldier (NSS) included 3167 unique participants 4607 trauma-exposed control individuals; Pre/Post Deployment (PPDS) 947 4969 controls. NSS data were collected February 1, 2011, November 30, 2012; PDDS data, January 9 April 2012. primary analysis compared DSM-IV cases controls without PTSD. Data analyzed March 18 December 27, 2015.Association analyses used logistic regression models within each 3 ancestral groups (European, African, Latino American) by study, followed meta-analysis. Heritability correlation pleiotropy other psychiatric immune-related disorders estimated.The population was 80.7% male (6277 7774 participants; mean [SD] age, 20.9 [3.3] years); PPDS population, 94.4% (5583 5916 26.5 [6.0] years). A significant locus found ANKRD55 on chromosome 5 (rs159572; odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.37-1.92; P = 2.34 × 10-8) persisted after adjustment cumulative trauma exposure (adjusted OR, 1.64; 1.39-1.95; 1.18 African American samples NSS. also or near ZNF626 19 (rs11085374; 0.77; 0.70-0.85; 4.59 European Similar results not either single-nucleotide polymorphism corresponding ancestry group sample, groups, transancestral meta-analyses. Single-nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability nonsignificant, no correlations observed between 6 disorders. Significant evidence rheumatoid arthritis and, lesser extent, psoriasis.In largest study date, involving limited specific found. Further efforts are needed replicate ANKRD55-associated prior research several autoimmune inflammatory disorders-and clarify nature overlap psoriasis.

Язык: Английский

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Single-Prolonged Stress: A Review of Two Decades of Progress in a Rodent Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 15, 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, costly, and often debilitating psychiatric condition. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this disease are still largely unknown or poorly understood. Considerable evidence indicates that PTSD results from dysfunction in highly-conserved brain systems involved stress, anxiety, fear, reward. Pre-clinical models of traumatic exposure critical defining neurobiological PTSD, which will ultimately aid development new treatments for PTSD. Single prolonged (SPS) pre-clinical model displays behavioral, molecular, physiological alterations recapitulate many same observed illustrating its validity giving it utility as investigating post-traumatic adaptations pre-trauma risk protective factors. In manuscript, we review present state research using SPS model, with goals (1) describing tool post-trauma adaptations, (2) relating findings to patients (3) indicating gaps strategies address them order improve our understanding pathophysiology

Язык: Английский

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Cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure as early markers of PTSD risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 49, С. 79 - 91

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Dysregulation of inflammation, neurobiology, and cognitive function in PTSD: an integrative review

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(3), С. 455 - 480

Опубликована: Март 13, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The relationship between sense of coherence and post-traumatic stress: a meta-analysis

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2019

Background: Antonovsky's concept of sense coherence (SOC) – as a global orientation reflecting an individual's feeling confidence in both the predictability their internal and external environment ability to cope with stressful challenging situations life shows negative association symptoms post-traumatic stress. However, single studies varying study characteristics provide heterogeneous effect size estimations.Objective: The purpose current is investigate relationship between SOC stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity for first time on meta-analytical level.Method: random-effects meta-analysis based zero-order correlations (r) consists 47 independent samples out 45 (N = 10,883).Results: After correcting sampling error, mean correlation PTSD was M(r) −.41 (excluding four outliers: −.39). this could not be generalized all types owing substantial remaining heterogeneity. Subsequent moderator analyses investigating influence different measures, trauma type duration, age gender imbalances per sample did reveal significant moderating effects.Conclusions: reveals severity: higher levels are associated lower severity. Thus, future research should progress question whether causal, by which factors it moderated.Abbreviations: CD, Cook's distance; DSM, Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders; (G)RR, general (and specific) resistance resources; IES(-R), Impact Event Scale (Revised); PDS, Posttraumatic Stress Scale; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses; PTSD, disorder; SDR, standard deleted residual; SOC, coherence; SOC-R, Sense Coherence Revised

Язык: Английский

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How to quantify exposure to traumatic stress? Reliability and predictive validity of measures for cumulative trauma exposure in a post-conflict population

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2015

While studies with survivors of single traumatic experiences highlight individual response variation following trauma, research from conflict regions shows that almost everyone develops posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if trauma exposure reaches extreme levels. Therefore, evaluating the effects cumulative is utmost importance in investigating risk factors for PTSD. Yet, little has been devoted to evaluate how this important environmental factor can be best quantified.We investigated retest reliability and predictive validity different measures a sample 227 Ugandan rebel war survivors. Trauma was modeled as number event types experienced or score considering frequencies. In addition, we whether age at reliably measured improves PTSD prediction.All showed good reliability. prediction lifetime most accurate experienced, inclusion frequencies slightly improved current PTSD.As assessing events least stressful time-consuming assessment leads PTSD, recommend measure on etiology.

Язык: Английский

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PTSD Blood Transcriptome Mega-Analysis: Shared Inflammatory Pathways across Biological Sex and Modes of Trauma

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 43(3), С. 469 - 481

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2017

Transcriptome-wide screens of peripheral blood during the onset and development posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate widespread immune dysregulation. However, little is known as to whether biological sex type traumatic event influence shared or distinct pathways in PTSD. We performed a combined analysis five independent PTSD transcriptome studies covering seven types trauma 229 311 comparison individuals synthesize extant data. Analyses by revealed clear pattern gene expression signatures distinguishing interpersonal (IP)-related traumas from combat-related traumas. Co-expression network analyses integrated all data identified perturbations across modes PTSD, including one wound-healing module downregulated men exposed combat traumas, IL-12-mediated signaling upregulated IP-related two modules associated with lipid metabolism mitogen-activated protein kinase activity women Remarkably, high degree sharing transcriptional dysregulation was also observed converging on common cascades, cytokine, innate immune, I interferon pathways. Collectively, these findings provide broad view demonstrate inflammatory molecular convergence specificity, which may inform mechanisms diagnostic biomarkers for disorder.

Язык: Английский

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Mast Cell Activation in Brain Injury, Stress, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 11

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2017

Mast cells are localized throughout the body and mediate allergic, immune inflammatory reactions. They heterogeneous, tissue-resident, long-lived granulated cells. increase their numbers in specific site by proliferation, increased recruitment, survival rate of maturation from its progenitors. implicated brain injuries, neuropsychiatric disorders, stress, neuroinflammation neurodegeneration. Brain mast first responders before microglia injuries since can release prestored mediators. also detect amyloid plaque formation during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Stress conditions activate to newly synthesized mediators induce blood-brain barrier permeability, recruitment into neuroinflammation. induces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus CRH activates glial through receptors releases neuroinflammatory increases proinflammatory mediator peripheral systems that augment Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a traumatic-chronic related mental dysfunction. Currently there no therapy treat PTSD mechanisms not yet clearly understood. Moreover, recent reports indicate could neurodegeneration pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases. play crucial role inflammation as well due depression PTSD. Therefore, activation injury, may accelerate diseases including AD. This review focusses on how promote We suggest inhibition associated pathways be explored new therapeutic target delay or prevent severity

Язык: Английский

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Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States

Journal of Traumatic Stress, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 34(5), С. 995 - 1004

Опубликована: Март 14, 2021

In the United States, Black residents exposed to a traumatic event are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing more severe symptoms compared their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Although previous work has suggested link between racial discrimination PTSD symptoms, no studies have assessed this association in sample injury survivors. The current study investigated whether (a) past was associated with acute (PTSS) (b) prospectively contributed prediction future symptoms. African American and/or patients (N = 113) were recruited from emergency department southeastern Wisconsin. Patients postinjury phase (i.e., 2 weeks posttrauma) completed self-report measures, using Clinician-Administered Scale 6-month follow-up. Bivariate associations indicated significantly related PTSS. A multiple regression analysis revealed that pretrauma exposure predicted follow-up, even after controlling for age, gender, psychiatric diagnosis, social support, lifetime trauma history. Our results suggest experiences add significant additional symptom development following injury, R

Язык: Английский

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