Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(5), С. 747 - 747
Опубликована: Май 13, 2022
In
the
last
50
years
information
on
fish
immune
system
has
increased
importantly,
particularly
that
species
of
marked
commercial
interest
(i.e.,
salmonids,
cods,
catfish,
sea
breams),
occupy
a
key
position
in
vertebrate
phylogenetical
tree
Agnatha,
Chondrichtyes,
lungfish)
or
represent
consolidated
experimental
models,
such
as
zebrafish
medaka.
However,
most
obtained
was
based
genetic
sequence
analysis
with
little
no
cellular
basis
responses.
Although
jawed
contain
thymus
and
lympho-hematopoietic
organs
equivalents
to
mammalian
bone
marrow,
few
studies
have
accounted
for
presumptive
relationships
between
organization
these
cell
microenvironments
known
capabilities
system.
current
review,
we
analyze
this
topic
providing
on:
(1)
The
origins
T
B
lymphopoiesis
Agnatha
fish;
(2)
remarkable
teleost
(3)
occurrence
numerous,
apparently
unrelated
housing
progenitors
and,
presumably,
lymphopoiesis;
(4)
existence
immunological
memory
absence
germinal
centers.
Cellular
immune
responses
consist
of
innate
and
adaptive
cell-mediated
mechanisms,
where
all
leukocyte
subpopulations
are
included.
Among
these
vital
processes
such
as
cytotoxicity
phagocytosis.
The
main
cellular
constituents
the
fish
system
macrophages,
granulocytes,
dendritic
cells,
NK
cytotoxic
T
cells.
This
review
provides
latest
information
on
defense
mechanisms
an
overview
function
mucosal
in
maintaining
general
health
fish.
Here,
we
discuss
fundamental
ideas
that
underpin
teleosts,
well
cells
molecules
play
a
role
responses.
Moreover,
cytokine
pathways
teleosts
have
been
reported
to
focus
several
kinds
associated
immunity.
Importantly,
also
antigen
processing
presentation.
knowledge
here
will
enable
better
understanding,
determination,
modulation
responsible
for
protective
immunity,
thus
consequently
improving
aquaculture.
Reviews in Aquaculture,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(2), С. 820 - 839
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022
Abstract
The
gut
microbiota
is
currently
one
of
the
most
studied
‘organs’
in
animals,
and
fish
are
no
exception.
A
complex
diversity
microbes,
including
bacteria,
archaea,
yeast
fungus,
constitute
microbiota,
creating
a
interaction
with
their
host
accomplishing
multiple
beneficial
functions,
such
as
food
digestion,
nutrient
absorption,
immune
system,
endocrine
stress
response.
microbiota–pathogen
protects
by
mounting
colonization
resistance,
competing
for
nutrients
space.
Changes
balance
community
could
affect
structure
homeostasis,
inducing
dysbiosis.
In
addition,
invading
pathogens
can
induce
dysbiosis
evading
host's
defence
barriers,
acquiring
from
host,
using
metabolites
produced
producing
toxins.
this
regard,
understanding
interactions
within
essential
to
prevent
pathogen
establishment
host.
Hence,
review
describes
close
indivisible
relationships
between
that
lead
disease.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2021
Aquaculture
growth
will
unavoidably
involve
the
implementation
of
innovative
and
sustainable
production
strategies,
being
functional
feeds
among
most
promising
ones.
A
wide
spectrum
phytogenics,
particularly
those
containing
terpenes
organosulfur
compounds,
are
increasingly
studied
in
aquafeeds,
due
to
their
promoting,
antimicrobial,
immunostimulant,
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory
sedative
properties.
This
trend
relies
on
importance
mucosal
barrier
fish
defense.
Establishing
phytogenics’
mode
action
tissues
is
for
further
use
safe
administration.
Although
impact
phytogenics
upon
immunity
has
been
extensively
approached,
studies
fail
addressing
mechanisms
underlying
pharmacological
effects.
Unstandardized
testing
as
an
extended
practice
also
questions
reproducibility
safety
such
studies,
limiting
at
commercial
scale.
The
information
presented
herein
provides
insight
immune
responses
suggesting
action,
ultimately
encouraging
reliable
reproducible
research
novel
feed
additives
aquafeeds.
For
proper
screening,
characterization
optimization
we
encourage
evaluation
purified
compounds
using
vitro
systems
before
moving
forward
vivo
trials.
formulation
with
combinations
previously
characterized
recommended
avoid
bacterial
resistance.
To
improve
delivery
overcome
limitations
associated
volatility
susceptibility
degradation,
encapsulation
advisable.
Besides,
newer
approaches
dedicated
methodologies
needed
elucidate
pharmacokinetics
depth.
Science Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(90)
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Germinal
centers
(GCs)
or
analogous
secondary
lymphoid
microstructures
(SLMs)
are
thought
to
have
evolved
in
endothermic
species.
However,
living
representatives
of
their
ectothermic
ancestors
can
mount
potent
antibody
responses
upon
infection
immunization,
despite
the
apparent
lack
SLMs
these
cold-blooded
vertebrates.
How
and
where
adaptive
immune
induced
species
absence
GCs
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
infected
a
teleost
fish
(trout)
with
parasite
Ichthyophthirius
multifiliis
(Ich)
identified
formation
large
aggregates
highly
proliferating
IgM
+
B
cells
CD4
T
cells,
contiguous
splenic
melanomacrophage
(MMCs).
Most
MMC-associated
(M-LAs)
contained
numerous
antigen
(Ag)–specific
cells.
Analysis
heavy
chain
CDR3
repertoire
microdissected
M-LAs
non–M-LA
areas
revealed
that
most
frequent
cell
clones
after
Ich
were
shared
only
within
animals.
These
represented
polyclonal
which
Ag-specific
clonal
expansion
occurred.
M-LA–associated
expressed
high
levels
activation-induced
cytidine
deaminase
underwent
significant
apoptosis,
somatic
hypermutation
Igμ
genes
occurred
prevalently
Our
findings
demonstrate
ectotherms
organized
GC-like
roles.
Moreover,
our
results
also
point
primordially
conserved
mechanisms
by
mammalian
develop
function.
While
many
studies
have
reported
that
the
structure
of
gut
and
skin
microbiota
is
driven
by
both
species-specific
habitat-specific
factors,
relative
importance
host-specific
versus
environmental
factors
in
wild
vertebrates
remains
poorly
understood.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
determine
diversity
composition
fish
skin,
gut,
surrounding
water
bacterial
communities
(hereafter
referred
as
microbiota)
assess
extent
which
host
habitat
phylogeny
predict
similarity.
Skin
swabs
samples
from
334
belonging
17
species
were
sampled
three
Laurentian
Great
Lakes
(LGLs)
habitats
(Detroit
River,
Lake
Erie,
Ontario).
We
also
collected
filtered
at
time
collection.
analyzed
community
using
16S
metabarcoding
tested
for
variation.We
found
distinct
microbiota,
although
more
closely
resembled
microbiota.
(sample
location),
habitat,
diet,
shape
promote
divergence
or
convergence
Since
significantly
affected
(separately
effects),
we
phylosymbiosis
pairwise
phylogenetic
distance
dissimilarity.
significant
effects
on
dissimilarity,
consistent
with
perhaps
reflecting
longstanding
co-evolutionary
relationship
between
their
microbiomes.Analyzing
mucus
across
diverse
complex
natural
ecosystems
such
LGLs
provides
insights
into
potential
microbiome,
ultimately
health,
host.
Video
Abstract.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2023
With
an
ever-growing
human
population,
the
need
for
sustainable
production
of
nutritional
food
sources
has
never
been
greater.
Aquaculture
is
a
key
industry
engaged
in
active
development
to
increase
line
with
this
while
remaining
terms
environmental
impact
and
promoting
good
welfare
health
farmed
species.
Microbiomes
fundamentally
underpin
animal
health,
being
part
their
digestive,
metabolic
defense
systems,
latter
case
protecting
against
opportunistic
pathogens
environment.
The
potential
manipulate
microbiome
advantage
enhancing
intriguing
prospect
that
gained
considerable
traction
recent
years.
In
review
we
first
set
out
what
known
about
role
aquaculture
systems
across
phylogenetic
spectrum
cultured
animals,
from
invertebrates
finfish.
view
reducing
footprint
tightening
biological
physical
control,
investment
“closed”
on
rise,
but
little
how
microbial
these
closed
affect
organisms.
Through
comparisons
microbiomes
dynamics
phylogenetically
distinct
animals
different
focus
communities
functionality
order
identify
features
within
be
harnessed
optimizing
healthy
intensified
support
future
aquaculture.
Journal of Fish Diseases,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
44(12), С. 2097 - 2109
Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2021
Tilapia
tilapinevirus
(also
known
as
tilapia
lake
virus,
TiLV)
is
considered
to
be
a
new
threat
the
global
industry.
The
objective
of
this
study
was
develop
simple
cell
culture-based
heat-killed
(HKV)
and
formalin-killed
(FKV)
vaccines
for
prevention
disease
caused
by
TiLV.
fish
were
immunized
with
100
µl
either
HKV
or
FKV
intraperitoneal
injection
each
vaccine
containing
1.8
×
106
TCID50-
inactivated
virus.
A
booster
vaccination
carried
out
at
21-day
post-vaccination
(dpv)
using
same
protocol.
then
challenged
lethal
dose
TiLV
28
dpv.
expression
five
immune
genes
(IgM,
IgD,
IgT,
CD4
CD8)
in
head
kidney
spleen
experimental
assessed
14
21
dpv
again
after
TiLV-specific
IgM
responses
measured
ELISA
time
points.
results
showed
that
both
conferred
significant
protection,
relative
percentage
survival
71.3%
79.6%
FKV,
respectively.
Significant
up-regulation
IgT
observed
vaccinated
dpv,
while
IgM,
IgD
increased
receiving
point.
After
vaccination,
CD8
transcripts
significantly
HKV,
but
not
FKV.
Both
induced
specific
response
serum
mucus.
In
summary,
are
promising
injectable
Nile
tilapia.
Aquaculture,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
558, С. 738352 - 738352
Опубликована: Май 14, 2022
Mucosal
surfaces
are
key
components
of
teleost
health,
providing
defence
against
opportunistic
pathogens
and
other
insults.
Maintaining
the
integrity
mucosal
their
associated
microbial
communities,
especially
gill
skin
that
have
large
surface
areas
exposed
to
environment
is
essential.
Production
Atlantic
salmon
in
land-based
recirculating
aquaculture
systems
(RAS)
has
increased
significantly
recent
years
as
it
allows
greater
control
over
stability
which
fish
reared,
reduces
water
demand
minimises
environmental
impacts.
However,
little
known
about
impact
RAS
upon
temporal
dynamics
microbiomes.
In
this
study
we
examined
communities
mucus,
mucus
rearing
throughout
freshwater
(FW)
production,
at
1-week
4-weeks
following
transfer
seawater
(SW)
open
cage
production
using
16S
rRNA
sequencing.
Microbial
diversity
richness
reared
a
system
were
temporally
dynamic.
Dynamics
similar
two
tissues,
some
extent
also
mirrored
surrounding
water.
Dysbiosis
indicated
by
an
abrupt
decline
during
FW
coincided
with
increase
relative
abundance
taxa
belonging
RAS-biofilter-associated
nitrogen-cycling
genus
Hydrogenophaga
tank
was
observed
mucus.
Extensive
overlap
core
between
but
host-specific
cores
non-existent
dysbiotic
event
all
present
Diversity
remained
stable
transition
from
SW,
distinct
community
composition
environments.
Although
closely
controlled,
significant
variation
could
be
temperature
well
levels
CO2
nitrogen
compounds,
reflecting
increasing
biological
load
within
time.
The
results
presented
here
suggest
that,
terms
microbiomes,
dysbiosis
may
occur
both
time,
capability
recover.