Main Components of Fish Immunity: An Overview of the Fish Immune System

Fishes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 93 - 93

Published: Feb. 5, 2023

Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these vital processes such as cytotoxicity phagocytosis. The main cellular constituents the fish system macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, NK cytotoxic T cells. This review provides latest information on defense mechanisms an overview function mucosal in maintaining general health fish. Here, we discuss fundamental ideas that underpin teleosts, well cells molecules play a role responses. Moreover, cytokine pathways teleosts have been reported to focus several kinds associated immunity. Importantly, also antigen processing presentation. knowledge here will enable better understanding, determination, modulation responsible for protective immunity, thus consequently improving aquaculture.

Language: Английский

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Fish disease and intestinal microbiota: A close and indivisible relationship

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 820 - 839

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Abstract The gut microbiota is currently one of the most studied ‘organs’ in animals, and fish are no exception. A complex diversity microbes, including bacteria, archaea, yeast fungus, constitute microbiota, creating a interaction with their host accomplishing multiple beneficial functions, such as food digestion, nutrient absorption, immune system, endocrine stress response. microbiota–pathogen protects by mounting colonization resistance, competing for nutrients space. Changes balance community could affect structure homeostasis, inducing dysbiosis. In addition, invading pathogens can induce dysbiosis evading host's defence barriers, acquiring from host, using metabolites produced producing toxins. this regard, understanding interactions within essential to prevent pathogen establishment host. Hence, review describes close indivisible relationships between that lead disease.

Language: Английский

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Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 18, 2021

Aquaculture growth will unavoidably involve the implementation of innovative and sustainable production strategies, being functional feeds among most promising ones. A wide spectrum phytogenics, particularly those containing terpenes organosulfur compounds, are increasingly studied in aquafeeds, due to their promoting, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory sedative properties. This trend relies on importance mucosal barrier fish defense. Establishing phytogenics’ mode action tissues is for further use safe administration. Although impact phytogenics upon immunity has been extensively approached, studies fail addressing mechanisms underlying pharmacological effects. Unstandardized testing as an extended practice also questions reproducibility safety such studies, limiting at commercial scale. The information presented herein provides insight immune responses suggesting action, ultimately encouraging reliable reproducible research novel feed additives aquafeeds. For proper screening, characterization optimization we encourage evaluation purified compounds using vitro systems before moving forward vivo trials. formulation with combinations previously characterized recommended avoid bacterial resistance. To improve delivery overcome limitations associated volatility susceptibility degradation, encapsulation advisable. Besides, newer approaches dedicated methodologies needed elucidate pharmacokinetics depth.

Language: Английский

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Immunity of the intestinal mucosa in teleost fish

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 108572 - 108572

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cold-blooded vertebrates evolved organized germinal center–like structures

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(90)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Germinal centers (GCs) or analogous secondary lymphoid microstructures (SLMs) are thought to have evolved in endothermic species. However, living representatives of their ectothermic ancestors can mount potent antibody responses upon infection immunization, despite the apparent lack SLMs these cold-blooded vertebrates. How and where adaptive immune induced species absence GCs remain poorly understood. Here, we infected a teleost fish (trout) with parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) identified formation large aggregates highly proliferating IgM + B cells CD4 T cells, contiguous splenic melanomacrophage (MMCs). Most MMC-associated (M-LAs) contained numerous antigen (Ag)–specific cells. Analysis heavy chain CDR3 repertoire microdissected M-LAs non–M-LA areas revealed that most frequent cell clones after Ich were shared only within animals. These represented polyclonal which Ag-specific clonal expansion occurred. M-LA–associated expressed high levels activation-induced cytidine deaminase underwent significant apoptosis, somatic hypermutation Igμ genes occurred prevalently Our findings demonstrate ectotherms organized GC-like roles. Moreover, our results also point primordially conserved mechanisms by mammalian develop function.

Language: Английский

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The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus

Developmental & Comparative Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 104690 - 104690

Published: March 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Host species and habitat shape fish-associated bacterial communities: phylosymbiosis between fish and their microbiome

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

While many studies have reported that the structure of gut and skin microbiota is driven by both species-specific habitat-specific factors, relative importance host-specific versus environmental factors in wild vertebrates remains poorly understood. The aim this study was to determine diversity composition fish skin, gut, surrounding water bacterial communities (hereafter referred as microbiota) assess extent which host habitat phylogeny predict similarity. Skin swabs samples from 334 belonging 17 species were sampled three Laurentian Great Lakes (LGLs) habitats (Detroit River, Lake Erie, Ontario). We also collected filtered at time collection. analyzed community using 16S metabarcoding tested for variation.We found distinct microbiota, although more closely resembled microbiota. (sample location), habitat, diet, shape promote divergence or convergence Since significantly affected (separately effects), we phylosymbiosis pairwise phylogenetic distance dissimilarity. significant effects on dissimilarity, consistent with perhaps reflecting longstanding co-evolutionary relationship between their microbiomes.Analyzing mucus across diverse complex natural ecosystems such LGLs provides insights into potential microbiome, ultimately health, host. Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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Microbiomes in the context of developing sustainable intensified aquaculture

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 23, 2023

With an ever-growing human population, the need for sustainable production of nutritional food sources has never been greater. Aquaculture is a key industry engaged in active development to increase line with this while remaining terms environmental impact and promoting good welfare health farmed species. Microbiomes fundamentally underpin animal health, being part their digestive, metabolic defense systems, latter case protecting against opportunistic pathogens environment. The potential manipulate microbiome advantage enhancing intriguing prospect that gained considerable traction recent years. In review we first set out what known about role aquaculture systems across phylogenetic spectrum cultured animals, from invertebrates finfish. view reducing footprint tightening biological physical control, investment “closed” on rise, but little how microbial these closed affect organisms. Through comparisons microbiomes dynamics phylogenetically distinct animals different focus communities functionality order identify features within be harnessed optimizing healthy intensified support future aquaculture.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of heat‐killed and formalin‐killed vaccines against Tilapia tilapinevirus in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Journal of Fish Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(12), P. 2097 - 2109

Published: Sept. 3, 2021

Tilapia tilapinevirus (also known as tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is considered to be a new threat the global industry. The objective of this study was develop simple cell culture-based heat-killed (HKV) and formalin-killed (FKV) vaccines for prevention disease caused by TiLV. fish were immunized with 100 µl either HKV or FKV intraperitoneal injection each vaccine containing 1.8 × 106 TCID50- inactivated virus. A booster vaccination carried out at 21-day post-vaccination (dpv) using same protocol. then challenged lethal dose TiLV 28 dpv. expression five immune genes (IgM, IgD, IgT, CD4 CD8) in head kidney spleen experimental assessed 14 21 dpv again after TiLV-specific IgM responses measured ELISA time points. results showed that both conferred significant protection, relative percentage survival 71.3% 79.6% FKV, respectively. Significant up-regulation IgT observed vaccinated dpv, while IgM, IgD increased receiving point. After vaccination, CD8 transcripts significantly HKV, but not FKV. Both induced specific response serum mucus. In summary, are promising injectable Nile tilapia.

Language: Английский

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Temporal changes in skin and gill microbiomes of Atlantic salmon in a recirculating aquaculture system – Why do they matter?

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 558, P. 738352 - 738352

Published: May 14, 2022

Mucosal surfaces are key components of teleost health, providing defence against opportunistic pathogens and other insults. Maintaining the integrity mucosal their associated microbial communities, especially gill skin that have large surface areas exposed to environment is essential. Production Atlantic salmon in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) has increased significantly recent years as it allows greater control over stability which fish reared, reduces water demand minimises environmental impacts. However, little known about impact RAS upon temporal dynamics microbiomes. In this study we examined communities mucus, mucus rearing throughout freshwater (FW) production, at 1-week 4-weeks following transfer seawater (SW) open cage production using 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbial diversity richness reared a system were temporally dynamic. Dynamics similar two tissues, some extent also mirrored surrounding water. Dysbiosis indicated by an abrupt decline during FW coincided with increase relative abundance taxa belonging RAS-biofilter-associated nitrogen-cycling genus Hydrogenophaga tank was observed mucus. Extensive overlap core between but host-specific cores non-existent dysbiotic event all present Diversity remained stable transition from SW, distinct community composition environments. Although closely controlled, significant variation could be temperature well levels CO2 nitrogen compounds, reflecting increasing biological load within time. The results presented here suggest that, terms microbiomes, dysbiosis may occur both time, capability recover.

Language: Английский

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