Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Abstract
Stochiometric
issues,
encompassing
both
the
quantity
and
heterogeneity
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
derived
from
tumour
or
other
tissues
in
blood,
pose
important
challenges
across
various
stages
biomarker
discovery
detection,
affecting
integrity
data,
introducing
losses
artifacts
during
blood
processing,
EV
purification
analysis.
These
shape
diagnostic
utility
EVs
especially
within
framework
established
emerging
methodologies.
By
addressing
these
challenges,
we
aim
to
delineate
crucial
parameters
requirements
for
tumour‐specific
more
precisely,
identification
via
based
assays.
Our
endeavour
involves
a
comprehensive
examination
layers
that
mask
confound
traceability
markers
such
as
nucleic
acids
proteins,
focus
on
‘low
prevalence—low
concentration’
scenario.
Finally,
evaluate
advantages
versus
limitations
single‐particle
analysers
over
conventional
bulk
assays,
suggesting
combined
use
capture
interpret
signals,
particular
surface
displayed
may
ultimately
provide
quantitative
information
their
absolute
abundance
distribution.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(10)
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024
Abstract
This
systematic
review
examines
the
landscape
of
extracellular
vesicle
(EV)‐related
clinical
trials
to
elucidate
field's
trends
in
applications
and
EV‐related
methodologies,
with
an
additional
focus
on
acknowledgement
EV
subpopulations.
By
analysing
data
from
public
reporting
repositories,
we
catalogued
471
date,
indications
for
over
200
diseases.
Diagnostics
companion
diagnostics
represented
bulk
cancer
being
most
frequent
application.
therapeutics
mainly
utilized
mesenchymal
stromal
cell
(MSC)
EVs
were
frequently
used
treatment
respiratory
illnesses.
Ultracentrifugation
RNA‐sequencing
common
isolation
characterization
techniques;
however,
methodology
each
was
not
reported
study
records.
Most
relied
isolates,
only
11%
utilizing
subpopulations
their
experimental
design.
While
this
may
be
connected
a
lack
available
techniques
suitable
implementation,
it
also
highlights
opportunity
use
improve
translational
efforts.
As
academic
research
identifies
more
chemically
distinct
technologies
enrichment,
forecast
refined
near
future.
emphasizes
need
meticulous
methodological
consideration
enhance
success
EV‐based
interventions,
pointing
towards
paradigm
shift
personalized
medicine.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 709 - 709
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
Of
all
the
numerous
nanosized
extracellular
vesicles
released
by
a
cell,
endosomal-originated
exosomes
are
increasingly
recognized
as
potential
therapeutics,
owing
to
their
inherent
stability,
low
immunogenicity,
and
targeted
delivery
capabilities.
This
review
critically
evaluates
transformative
of
exosome-based
modalities
across
pharmaceutical
precision
medicine
landscapes.
Because
precise
biomolecular
cargo
delivery,
posited
ideal
candidates
in
drug
enhancing
regenerative
strategies,
advancing
diagnostic
technologies.
Despite
significant
market
growth
projections
exosome
therapy,
its
utilization
is
encumbered
substantial
scientific
regulatory
challenges.
These
include
lack
universally
accepted
protocols
for
isolation
complexities
associated
with
navigating
environment,
particularly
guidelines
set
forth
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA).
presents
comprehensive
overview
current
research
trajectories
aimed
at
addressing
these
impediments
discusses
prospective
advancements
that
could
substantiate
clinical
translation
exosomal
therapies.
By
providing
analysis
both
capabilities
hurdles
therapeutic
applications,
this
article
aims
inform
direct
future
paradigms,
thereby
fostering
integration
systems
into
mainstream
practice.
Frontiers in Nanotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
natural
membrane-bound
structures
released
by
cells,
offer
a
promising
platform
for
precise
and
targeted
delivery
of
therapeutic
payloads,
including
drugs
nanoparticles.
This
comprehensive
review
explores
the
integration
engineered
nanomaterials
with
EVs
to
advance
drug
systems.
It
covers
various
aspects
this
integration,
techniques
synthesizing,
loading,
characterizing,
applying
within
EVs.
Methodologies
integrating
diverse
nanocarriers
like
nanoparticles,
liposomes,
quantum
dots
into
are
discussed,
along
characterization
methods
such
as
electron
microscopy
light
scattering.
Attention
is
also
given
considerations
biological
compatibility,
safety
assessments,
strategies
surface
modification
enhance
targeting
precision.
Highlighting
applications,
delivery,
cancer
therapy,
vaccine
development,
underscores
potential
EV-nanomaterial
hybrids
leverage
EVs’
innate
capabilities
versatility
nanomaterials.
However,
it
addresses
challenges
scalability,
standardization,
that
must
be
overcome
facilitate
clinical
translation
these
biomedical
solutions.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(10)
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023
The
widely
overlapping
physicochemical
properties
of
lipoproteins
(LPs)
and
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
represents
one
the
main
obstacles
for
isolation
characterization
these
pervasive
biogenic
lipid
nanoparticles.
We
herein
present
application
an
atomic
force
microscopy
(AFM)-based
quantitative
morphometry
assay
to
rapid
nanomechanical
screening
mixed
LPs
EVs
samples.
method
can
determine
diameter
mechanical
stiffness
hundreds
individual
nanometric
objects
within
few
hours.
obtained
diameters
are
in
accord
with
those
measured
via
cryo-electron
(cryo-EM);
assignment
specific
readout
each
object
enables
simultaneous
discrimination
co-isolated
even
if
they
have
size
distributions.
all
classes
shown
be
characterised
by
combinations
stiffness,
thus
making
it
possible
estimate
their
relative
abundance
EV/LP
samples
terms
stoichiometric
ratio,
surface
area
volume.
As
a
side
finding,
we
show
how
behaviour
LP
is
correlated
distinctive
structural
features
revealed
cryo-EM.
described
approach
label-free,
single-step
relatively
quick
perform.
Importantly,
used
analyse
which
prove
very
challenging
assess
several
established
techniques
due
ensemble-averaging,
low
sensibility
small
particles,
or
both,
providing
useful
tool
quickly
assessing
purity
isolates
including
plasma-
serum-derived
preparations.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 6709 - 6742
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
Information
exchange
is
essential
for
the
brain,
where
it
communicates
physiological
and
pathological
signals
to
periphery
vice
versa.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
heterogeneous
group
of
membrane-bound
cellular
informants
actively
transferring
informative
calls
from
brain
via
lipids,
proteins,
nucleic
acid
cargos.
In
recent
years,
EVs
have
also
been
widely
used
understand
function,
given
their
"cell-like"
properties.
On
one
hand,
presence
neuron
astrocyte-derived
in
biological
fluids
exploited
as
biomarkers
mechanisms
progression
multiple
neurological
disorders;
on
other,
designing
targeted
therapies
due
potential
cross
blood-brain-barrier
(BBB).
Despite
expanding
literature
context
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
physiology
related
disorders,
comprehensive
compilation
existing
knowledge
still
needs
be
made
available.
current
review,
we
provide
detailed
insight
into
multifaceted
role
brain-derived
extracellular
(BDEVs)
intricate
regulation
physiology.
Our
focus
extends
significance
these
spectrum
including
tumors,
neurodegenerative
conditions,
neuropsychiatric
diseases,
autoimmune
others.
Throughout
parallels
drawn
using
various
evaluating
utility
early
detection
monitoring.
Additionally,
discuss
promising
prospects
utilizing
therapy
while
acknowledging
limitations
challenges
associated
with
applications
clinical
scenarios.
A
foundational
comprehension
state-of-the-art
EV
research
informing
design
future
studies.
Immunological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
312(1), С. 6 - 19
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2022
Summary
Atherosclerotic
cardiovascular
disease
(ASCVD)
remains
the
leading
cause
of
global
mortality.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
small
phospholipid
that
convey
molecular
bioactive
cargoes
and
play
essential
roles
in
intercellular
communication
and,
hence,
a
multifaceted
role
health
disease.
The
present
review
offers
glimpse
into
current
state
up‐to‐date
concepts
on
EV
field.
It
also
covers
their
association
with
several
risk
factors
ischemic
conditions,
being
subclinical
atherosclerosis
utmost
relevance
for
prevention.
Interestingly,
we
show
EVs
hold
promise
as
prognostic
diagnostic
well
predictive
markers
ASCVD
precision
medicine
era.
We
then
report
atherothrombosis,
disentangling
mechanisms
involved
initiation,
progression,
complication
showing
direct
effect
context
arterial
thrombosis.
Finally,
potential
use
therapeutic
intervention
is
highlighted.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(4), С. 336 - 336
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024
Glioblastoma
(GB)
is
a
rare
but
extremely
aggressive
brain
tumor
that
significantly
impacts
patient
outcomes,
affecting
both
duration
and
quality
of
life.
The
protocol
established
by
Stupp
colleagues
in
2005,
based
on
radiotherapy
chemotherapy
with
Temozolomide,
following
maximum
safe
surgical
resection
remains
the
gold
standard
for
GB
treatment;
however,
it
evident
nowadays
extreme
intratumoral
intertumoral
heterogeneity,
as
well
invasiveness
tendency
to
recur,
are
not
compatible
routine
unfortunately
ineffective
treatment.
This
review
article
summarizes
main
challenges
search
new
valuable
therapies
focuses
impact
extracellular
vesicle
(EV)
research
exploitation
may
have
field.
EVs
natural
particles
delimited
lipidic
bilayer
filled
functional
cellular
content
released
uptaken
cells
key
means
cell
communication.
Furthermore,
stable
body
fluids
tolerated
immune
system,
able
cross
physiological,
interspecies,
interkingdom
barriers
target
specific
cells,
releasing
inherent
or
externally
loaded
functionally
active
molecules.
Therefore,
potential
be
ideal
allies
fight
against
improve
prognosis
patients.
present
work
describes
preclinical
results
obtained
so
far
use
treatment,
focusing
EV
sources
molecular
cargo
used
various
studies,
primarily
vivo.
Finally,
SWOT
analysis
performed,
highlighting
advantages
pitfalls
developing
EV-based
therapeutic
strategies.
also
suggests
directions
explore
realize
possibility
exploiting
treatment
GB.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(13), С. 7470 - 7470
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
a
significant
public
health
challenge,
with
5-fluorouracil
(5-FU)
resistance
being
major
obstacle
to
effective
treatment.
Despite
advancements,
5-FU
remains
formidable
due
complex
mechanisms
such
as
alterations
in
drug
transport,
evasion
of
apoptosis,
dysregulation
cell
cycle
dynamics,
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
interactions,
and
extracellular
vesicle
(EV)-mediated
pathways.
Traditional
chemotherapy
often
results
high
toxicity,
highlighting
the
need
for
alternative
approaches
better
efficacy
safety.
Phytochemicals
(PCs)
EVs
offer
promising
CRC
therapeutic
strategies.
PCs,
derived
from
natural
sources,
exhibit
lower
toxicity
can
target
multiple
pathways
involved
progression
resistance.
facilitate
targeted
delivery,
modulate
immune
response,
interact
TME
sensitize
cells
However,
potential
PCs
engineered
overcoming
reshaping
immunosuppressive
underexplored.
Addressing
this
gap
crucial
identifying
innovative
therapies
enhanced
reduced
toxicities.
This
review
explores
multifaceted
evaluates
synergistic
effects
combining
improve
treatment
while
minimizing
adverse
effects.
Additionally,
it
investigates
by
serving
delivery
vehicles
modulating
TME.
By
synthesizing
current
knowledge
addressing
research
gaps,
enhances
academic
understanding
CRC,
interdisciplinary
involving
revolutionizing
therapy.
Further
clinical
validation
are
essential
translating
these
findings
into
improved
patient
outcomes.
