The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 775 - 775

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because prolonged life expectancy, which not paralleled by an increase in expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, are defined, respectively, as inflammaging senescence. A wealth available data demonstrates that these two conditions closely linked, leading to greater vulnerability elderly subjects viral, bacterial, opportunistic infections well lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, in-depth assessment the players involved changing epidemiology demanded regarding individual concerted involvement cells mediators within endogenous exogenous factors co-morbidities. This review provides overall updated description changes affecting system, may be help understanding underlying mechanisms associated with main age-associated infectious diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering sepsis: transforming diagnosis and treatment through systems immunology

Frontiers in Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Sepsis is an abnormal, life-threatening response to infection that leads (multi-)organ dysfunction and failure. It causes ~20% of deaths worldwide each year, most related severe COVID-19 share various molecular features with sepsis. Current treatment approaches (antimicrobials supportive care) do not address the complexity sepsis or its mechanistic heterogeneity between within patients over time. Systems immunology methods, including multiomics (notably RNA sequencing transcriptomics), machine learning, network biology analysis, have potential transform management paradigm toward precision approaches. Immune dysfunctions evident very early in drive development novel diagnostic gene expression signatures (e.g., cellular reprogramming) could inform therapy. can now be categorized into “endotypes” based on unique immune mechanisms corresponding varying severity mortality rates, raising prospect endotype-specific diagnostics patient-specific immune-directed Longitudinal within-patient analyses also reveal (including epigenetics) differential trajectories time, enabling disease stage-specific therapy during after hospitalization, for post-sepsis long COVID syndromes. Achieving this transformation will require addressing barriers systems research, cost resource-intensiveness, relatively low volume available data, lack suitable animal models; it a change mindset healthcare providers This should prioritized multistakeholder collaborations involving research communities, providers/systems, patients, governments reduce current high burden from mitigate against future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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The Microbe, the Infection Enigma, and the Host

Annual Review of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 78(1), С. 103 - 124

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Human infectious diseases are unique in that the discovery of their environmental trigger, microbe, was sufficient to drive development extraordinarily effective principles and tools for prevention or cure. This medical prowess has outpaced, perhaps even hindered, scientific progress equal magnitude biological understanding diseases. Indeed, hope kindled by germ theory disease rapidly subdued infection enigma, need a host solution, when it realized most individuals infected with agents continue do well. The root causes death unhappy few remained unclear. While canonical approaches vitro (cellular microbiology), vivo (animal models), natura (clinical studies) analyzed consequences considered be cause disease, cells, tissues, organisms seen as uniform host, alternative searched preexisting particularly human genetic immunological determinants populations diverse trigger microbe.

Язык: Английский

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The Interplay of Nutrition, the Gut Microbiota and Immunity and Its Contribution to Human Disease

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 329 - 329

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Nutrition, the gut microbiota and immunity are all important factors in maintenance of health. However, there is a growing realization complex interplay between these elements coalescing nutrition-gut microbiota-immunity axis. This regulatory axis critical for health with disruption being implicated broad range diseases, including autoimmune disorders, allergies mental disorders. new perspective continues to underpin number innovative therapeutic strategies targeting different this treat relevant diseases. review describes inter-relationships nutrition, immunity. It then details several human diseases where has been identified presents examples how various may be targeted therapeutically as alternate treatment

Язык: Английский

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Systems immunology analysis of human immune organoids identifies host-specific correlates of protection to different influenza vaccines

Cell stem cell, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Increased glycolysis and cellular crosstalk in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa with distinct endotypes including type 2 (T2) high eosinophilic CRS nasal polyps (eCRSwNP), T2 low non-eosinophilic (neCRSwNP), and without (CRSsNP). Methods Given heterogeneity disease, we hypothesized that assessment single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) across this spectrum would reveal connections between infiltrating activated immune cells epithelial stromal populations reside in tissue. Results Here find increased expression genes encoding glycolytic enzymes (EpCs), cells, memory T-cell subsets from patients eCRSwNP, as compared to healthy controls. In basal EpCs, associated program motility Rho GTPase effector expression. Across both subsets, programming was extracellular matrix interactions, proteoglycan generation, collagen formation. Furthermore, report cell-cell interactions EpCs stromal/immune eCRSwNP control tissue, nominate candidate receptor-ligand pairs may drive tissue remodeling. Discussion These findings support role for reprograming T2-elicited remodeling implicate cellular crosstalk eCRSwNP.

Язык: Английский

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Immune system perturbations in patients with long COVID

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3), С. 200 - 201

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Klein et al. report multimodal analyses of immune cells, proteins, and physiological parameters in patients with long COVID (LC). At the group level, LC subjects exhibited elevated antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, but also herpes viruses, pointing a general suppression viral control mechanisms LC.

Язык: Английский

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Complementing Cell Taxonomies with a Multicellular Analysis of Tissues

Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 39(3), С. 129 - 141

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

The application of single-cell molecular profiling coupled with spatial technologies has enabled charting cellular heterogeneity in reference tissues and disease. This new wave data highlighted the expected diversity dynamics upon shared external queues organizations. However, little is known about relationship between emergence maintenance robust multicellular processes developed its role (patho)physiology. Here, we present emerging computational modeling strategies that use increasingly available large-scale cross-condition datasets to study organization complement cell taxonomies. perspective should enable us better understand how cells within collectively process information adapt synchronized responses disease contexts bridge gap structural changes functions tissues.

Язык: Английский

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Delineating immune variation between adult and children COVID-19 cases and associations with disease severity

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emphasized the need to explore how variations in immune system relate severity of disease. This study aimed inter-individual variation response infection by comparing T cell, B and innate cell subsets among primary infected children adults (i.e., those who had never experienced nor received vaccination previously), with varying disease after infection. We also examined subset kinetics convalescent individuals compared persistent identify possible markers dysfunction. Distinct differences were observed between children, as well adult cases mild, moderate, severe IgM memory cells absent moderate whereas frequencies a lack surface immunoglobulin expression significantly higher cases. Interestingly, these remained stable during recovery implying that could be associated underlying baseline variation. Our results offer insights into potential COVID-19 provide foundation for future research this area.

Язык: Английский

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Transcriptional Systems Vaccinology Approaches for Vaccine Adjuvant Profiling

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 33 - 33

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Adjuvants are a diverse group of substances that can be added to vaccines enhance antigen-specific immune responses and improve vaccine efficacy. The first adjuvants, discovered almost century ago, were soluble crystals aluminium salts. Over the following decades, oil emulsions, vesicles, oligodeoxynucleotides, viral capsids, other complex organic structures have been shown adjuvant potential. However, detailed mechanisms how adjuvants remain poorly understood may barrier reduces rational selection components. Previous studies on action focused they activate innate responses, including regulation cell recruitment activation, cytokine/chemokine production, some “immune” genes. This approach provides narrow perspective events involved in modulate responses. A comprehensive efficient way investigate molecular mechanism for is utilize systems biology approaches such as transcriptomics so-called “systems vaccinology” analysis. While methods verify if one or few genes differentially regulated response vaccination, vaccinology more picture by simultaneously identifying hundreds thousands interact with networks vaccine. Transcriptomics tools RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) allow us quantify expression practically all expressed genes, making it possible make inferences only when considering system whole. Here, we review challenges studies, predicting activity toxicity administered alone combination antigens, classifying groups similar properties, while underscoring significance propel development forward.

Язык: Английский

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