Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187, С. 108677 - 108677

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Язык: Английский

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In Vitro and In Vivo Biotransformation Profiling of 6PPD-Quinone toward Their Detection in Human Urine

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(21), С. 9113 - 9124

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

The antioxidant N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its oxidized quinone product 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) in rubber have attracted attention due to the ecological risk that they pose. Both 6PPD 6PPD-Q been detected various environments humans cohabit. However, date, a clear understanding of biotransformation potential biomarker for exposure are lacking. To address this issue, study presents comprehensive analysis extensive across species, encompassing both vitro vivo models. We tentatively identified 17 metabolites vitro, 15 mice vivo, confirmed presence two human urine samples. Interestingly, different patterns were observed species. Through semiquantitative based on peak areas, we found almost all underwent within 24 h mice, primarily via hydroxylation subsequent glucuronidation. This suggests rapid metabolic processing mammals, underscoring importance identifying effective biomarkers exposure. Notably, monohydroxy 6PPD-Q-O-glucuronide consistently most predominant our studies, highlighting as key epidemiological research. These findings represent first data set mammalian systems, offering insights into pathways involved possible biomarkers.

Язык: Английский

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Potential human health risk of the emerging environmental contaminant 6-PPD quinone

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 949, С. 175057 - 175057

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 948, С. 174449 - 174449

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of S-6PPD-Quinone Caused More Serious Hepatotoxicity Than R-Enantiomer and Racemate in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(40), С. 17617 - 17628

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2024

6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) is frequently detected in various environmental media, and the environmentally relevant concentrations can be fatal to

Язык: Английский

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Navigating the environmental dynamics, toxicity to aquatic organisms and human associated risks of an emerging tire wear contaminant 6PPD-quinone

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 356, С. 124313 - 124313

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Low-Dose Tire Wear Chemical 6PPD-Q Exposure Elicit Fatty Liver via Promoting Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in ICR Mice

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 489, С. 137574 - 137574

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Environmental concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q cause oxidative damage and alter metabolism in Eichhornia crassipes

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 951, С. 175736 - 175736

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A Review of N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-Phenylenediamine (6PPD) and Its Derivative 6PPD-Quinone in the Environment

Toxics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 394 - 394

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

As an antioxidant and antiozonant, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is predominantly used in the rubber industry to prevent degradation. However, 6PPD can be ozonated generate a highly toxic transformation product called quinone (6PPD-quinone), which aquatic terrestrial organisms. Thus, 6PPD-quinone, two emerging contaminants, have attracted extensive attention recently. This review discussed levels distribution of 6PPD-quinone environment investigated their effects on series been widely found air, water, dust, while data soil, sediment, biota are scarce. cause teratogenic, developmental, reproductive, neuronal, genetic toxicity for organisms, at environmentally relevant concentrations. Future research should pay more bioaccumulation, biomagnification, transformation, mechanisms 6PPD-quinone.

Язык: Английский

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Child exposure to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its derived quinone (6PPDQ) in e-waste areas: Urinary concentrations, sources, and health effect assessment

Journal of Environmental Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153, С. 217 - 228

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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