Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in oral and maxillofacial areas

International Journal of Oral Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Abstract The oral and maxillofacial region is a highly complex area composed of multiple tissue types bears various critical functions the human body. Diseases in this pose significant diagnostic management challenges; therefore, exploring new strategies for early diagnosis, targeted treatment, reconstruction key to improving patient prognosis quality life. Extracellular vesicles are group heterogeneous lipid-bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types, including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies. Present body fluids tissues, they act as messengers via transfer nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites recipient cells. To date, studies have revealed different roles extracellular physiological or pathological processes, well applications disease prognosis, treatment. importance specificity dental tissues indicate that derived from promising further research. This paper reviews published data on cells, fluids, regions, summarizes latest advances extensive sources, concludes with focus current research progress application prospects engineered exosomes science.

Язык: Английский

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Role of genetic variants and host polymorphisms on COVID‐19: From viral entrance mechanisms to immunological reactions

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(5), С. 1846 - 1865

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a highly pathogenic emerging virus, is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of this virus in infancy; however, investigation on mechanisms SARS-CoV-2 underway. In COVID-19, one most remarkable characteristics wide range manifestation and severity seen across individuals different ethnic backgrounds geographical locations. To effectively manage COVID-19 populations, beyond detection, serological response assessment, analytic techniques, it critical to obtain knowledge about at-risk comprehend identified variations disease's general also populations' levels. Several factors can contribute variation presentation, including population density, gender age differences, comorbid circumstances diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity. Genetic presumably influence infection susceptibility. Besides this, has been linked with higher risk mortality men certain groups, revealing that host genetic may affect individual death. Also, variants involved pathologic processes, entrance into cells, antiviral immunity, inflammatory response, are not entirely understood. Regarding characteristics, present review suggests various polymorphisms pathogenicity which might have significant implications for understanding interpreting matter genetics customized integrative medical care based investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolites as extracellular vesicle cargo in health, cancer, pleural effusion, and cardiovascular diseases: An emerging field of study to diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 157, С. 114046 - 114046

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly diverse nanoscale membrane-bound structures released from different cell types into the extracellular environment. They play essential functions in signaling by transporting their cargo, such as proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, metabolites, and small molecules, to recipient cells. It has recently been shown that EVs might modulate carcinogenesis delivering cargo Furthermore, recent discoveries revealed changes plasma-derived EV levels subjects with metabolic diseases were documented many researchers, suggesting be a promising source of disease biomarkers. One cargos attracted most attention is metabolites. The metabolome these introduces plethora indicators; hence, examining metabolomics detected human biofluids would an effective approach. On other hand, metabolites have various roles biological systems, including production energies, synthesizing macromolecules, serving molecules hormones. Metabolome rewiring cancer stromal cells characteristic malignancy, but current understanding how this affects metabolite composition activity tumor-derived remains its infancy. Since new findings studies field exosome biology metabolism constantly being published, it likely diagnostic treatment techniques, use will launched coming years. Recent years seen increased interest possible for biomarker development. However, our role health still immature. In work, we provided latest regarding cargoes pathophysiology diseases, cancer, pleural effusion (PE), cardiovascular (CVD). We also discussed significance microbiota host-microbe interaction. addition, on form biomarkers diagnosis presented study.

Язык: Английский

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) update: From metabolic reprogramming to immunometabolism

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(10), С. 4611 - 4627

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2022

The field of immunometabolism investigates and describes the effects metabolic rewiring in immune cells throughout activation fates these cells. Recently, it has been appreciated that plays an essential role progression viral infections, cancer, autoimmune diseases. Regarding COVID-19, aberrant response underlying diseases establishes two major respiratory pathologies, including acute distress syndrome (ARDS) or pneumonia-induced lung injury (ALI). Both innate adaptive immunity (T cell-based) were impaired course severe coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Current findings have deciphered macrophages (innate cells) are involved inflammatory seen COVID-19. It demonstrated system can change reprogramming some conditions, diseases, infectious disease, growing on COVID-19 allow exploration metabolites with immunomodulatory properties as future therapies to combat this hyperinflammatory response. elucidation exact mechanism reprograming could help apply more precise approaches initial diagnosis, prognosis, in-hospital therapy. This report discusses latest from host immunometabolic responses.

Язык: Английский

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The emerging role of 27-hydroxycholesterol in cancer development and progression: An update

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110, С. 109074 - 109074

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of microbiota derived outer membrane vesicles to preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic proposes

Infectious Agents and Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

The role of gut microbiota and its products in human health disease is profoundly investigated. communication between the host involves a complicated network signaling pathways via biologically active molecules generated by intestinal microbiota. Some these could be assembled within nanoparticles known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Recent studies propose that OMVs play critical shaping immune responses, including homeostasis acute inflammatory responses. Moreover, have an immense capacity to applied medical research, such OMV-based vaccines drug delivery. This review presents comprehensive overview emerging knowledge about biogenesis, role, application bacterial-derived OMVs, vaccines, OMV adjuvants characteristics, vehicles (in conjugated vaccines), cancer immunotherapy, carriers delivery systems. we also highlight significance potential diagnosis therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Cellular metabolism hijacked by viruses for immunoevasion: potential antiviral targets

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023

Cellular metabolism plays a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Immune cells utilize metabolic pathways to modulate cellular differentiation or death. The intricate interplay between immune response is critical for maintaining homeostasis effective antiviral activities. In recent years, immunometabolism induced by viral infections has been extensively investigated, accumulating evidence indicated that can be hijacked facilitate replication. Generally, virus-induced changes lead reprogramming metabolites enzymes different (glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism). Metabolic affects function cells, regulates expression molecules determines cell fate. Therefore, it important explore effector with immunomodulatory properties, including metabolites, enzymes, other immunometabolism-related as antivirals. This review summarizes relevant advances field infections, providing novel insights development

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the theranostic potentials of miRNA and epigenetic networks in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Abstract Background Autoimmune diseases (AD) are severe pathophysiological ailments that stimulated by an exaggerated immunogenic response towards self‐antigens, which can cause systemic or site‐specific organ damage. An array of complex genetic and epigenetic facets majorly contributes to the progression AD, thus providing significant insight into regulatory mechanism microRNA (miRNA). miRNAs short, non‐coding RNAs have been identified as essential contributors post‐transcriptional regulation host genome expression crucial regulators a myriad biological processes such immune homeostasis, T helper cell differentiation, central peripheral tolerance, development. Aims This article tends deliberate conceptualize brief pathogenesis pertinent well miRNA networks affecting five different ADs namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus (SLE) inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) thereby novel miRNA‐based theranostic interventions. Results & Discussion Pertaining differential attributed in target tissues cellular bodies innate adaptive immunity, paradigm scientific expeditions suggests optimistic correlation between dysfunction alterations. Conclusion Therefore, it is not astonishing dysregulations patterns now recognized wide spectrum disorders, establishing themselves potential biomarkers therapeutic targets. Owing its potencies, targets widely utilized development biosensors other molecules originating from same.

Язык: Английский

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Biomarkers (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs) for the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

In recent years, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have continued to improve. However, in the advanced stages of disease, patients are unable achieve long-term clinical remission often suffer from systemic multi-organ damage severe complications. Patients with RA usually no overt manifestations early stages, by time a definitive diagnosis is made, disease already at an stage. diagnosed clinically laboratory tests, including blood markers C-reactive protein (CRP) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) autoantibodies factor (RF) anticitrullinated antibodies (ACPA). presence RF ACPA associated aggravated joint damage, increased mortality, these low specificity sensitivity. The etiology unknown, pathogenesis involving multiple factors heterogeneity. diagnosis, subtype classification, prognosis remain challenging, studies develop minimally invasive or non-invasive biomarkers form biofluid biopsies becoming more common. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules composed long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar microRNAs, circular which play essential role onset progression can be used RA. this review prognostic we provide overview current knowledge on subject, focusing advances mRNA–ncRNA as tissue level.

Язык: Английский

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Circulating and extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs as biomarkers in bone-related diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by repressing messengerRNA-targets. MiRNAs abundant in many cell types and secreted into extracellular fluids, protected from degradation packaging vesicles. These circulating miRNAs easily accessible, disease-specific sensitive to changes, which makes them ideal biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, predictive or monitoring purposes. Specific miRNA signatures can be reflective of disease status development indicators poor treatment response. This is especially important malignant diseases, as the ease accessibility circumvents need invasive tissue biopsy. In osteogenesis, act either osteo-enhancing osteo-repressing targeting key transcription factors signaling pathways. review highlights role vesicle-derived bone-related with a specific focus on osteoporosis osteosarcoma. To this end, comprehensive literature search has been performed. The first part discusses history biology miRNAs, followed description different an update current knowledge bone related diseases. Finally, limitations biomarker research future perspectives will presented.

Язык: Английский

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