The Integrative Physiology of Insect Chill Tolerance

Annual Review of Physiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 79(1), С. 187 - 208

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2016

Cold tolerance is important in defining the distribution of insects. Here, we review principal physiological mechanisms underlying homeostatic failure during cold exposure this diverse group ectotherms. When insects are cooled sufficiently, they suffer an initial loss neuromuscular function (chill coma) that caused by decreased membrane potential and reduced excitability system. For chill-susceptible insects, chronic or severe chilling causes a disruption ion water homeostasis across membranes epithelia exacerbate effects on cellular function, these perturbations tightly associated with development chill injury mortality. The adaptation acclimation responses allow some to tolerate low temperatures multifactorial involve several systems biochemical adjustments. In review, outline model integrates discuss how collectively help preserve cellular, organ, organismal at temperature.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying insect freeze tolerance

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 93(4), С. 1891 - 1914

Опубликована: Май 10, 2018

ABSTRACT Freeze tolerance – the ability to survive internal ice formation has evolved repeatedly in insects, facilitating survival environments with low temperatures and/or high risk of freezing. Surviving poses several challenges because freezing can cause cellular dehydration and mechanical damage, restricts opportunity metabolise respond environmental challenges. While freeze‐tolerant insects accumulate many potentially protective molecules, there is no apparent ‘magic bullet’ a molecule or class molecules that appears be necessary sufficient support this cold‐tolerance strategy. In addition, mechanisms underlying freeze have been minimally explored. Herein, we frame as process: must withstand associated cooling (low temperatures), (internal formation), thawing. To do so, hypothesise control quality quantity ice, prevent repair damage cells macromolecules, manage biochemical processes while frozen/thawing, restore physiological post‐thaw. Many facilitate are also accumulated by other cold‐ desiccation‐tolerant insects. We suggest that, when offered advantage, were already adapted desiccation, could small amounts formation. Although complex strategy multiple times, process‐focused approach (in combination appropriate techniques model organisms) will hypothesis‐driven research understand better how

Язык: Английский

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Altitudinal variation in bumble bee (Bombus) critical thermal limits

Journal of Thermal Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 59, С. 52 - 57

Опубликована: Май 5, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Seasonal shifts in the insect gut microbiome are concurrent with changes in cold tolerance and immunity

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 32(10), С. 2357 - 2368

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2018

Abstract Seasonal changes in the environment, such as varying temperature, have potential to change functional relationship between ectothermic animals, insects, and their microbiomes. Our objectives were determine: (a) whether seasonal temperature shift composition of insect gut microbiome, (b) microbiome are concomitant with physiology host, including immune system response cold. We exposed laboratory populations spring field cricket, Gryllus veletis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), simulated overwintering conditions both a microcosm field‐like containing soil leaves. In summer, autumn, winter spring, we extracted sequenced 16S bacterial genomic DNA from cricket guts, capture variation microbiome. The was similar microcosms, overall highly anaerobic. captured where resulted permanent these microbial communities. particular, abundance Pseudomonas spp. decreased, that Wolbachia increased, during overwintering. Concurrent G. acquire freeze tolerance function shifts temporarily, returning summer levels activity spring. specific manner, haemocyte concentrations increase but survival fungal infection decreases winter, whereas ability clear bacteria haemolymph remains unchanged. Overall, demonstrate does seasonally, concert other physiological changes. hypothesize may be linked, suggest it will next important determine contribute host success. A plain language summary is available for this article.

Язык: Английский

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Reproductive arrest and stress resistance in winter-acclimated Drosophila suzukii

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 89, С. 37 - 51

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary impacts of winter climate change on insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41, С. 54 - 62

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

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A unifying model to estimate thermal tolerance limits in ectotherms across static, dynamic and fluctuating exposures to thermal stress

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2021

Abstract Temperature tolerance is critical for defining the fundamental niche of ectotherms and researchers classically use either static (exposure to a constant temperature) or dynamic (ramping assays assess tolerance. The different methods complicates comparison between studies here we present mathematical model (and R -scripts) reconcile thermal measures obtained from assays. Our uses input data several experiments based on well-supported assumption that injury accumulation rate increases exponentially with temperature (known as death time curve). also assumes stress at temperatures be additive using Drosophila melanogaster , validate these central assumptions by demonstrating heat attained intensities durations additive. In separate experiment demonstrate our can accurately describe during fluctuating further successfully converting literature ectotherm (both assays) single, comparable metric (the tolerated 1 h). presented has many promising applications analysis discuss potential pitfalls should considered avoided this model.

Язык: Английский

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Plasticity Is Key to Success of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Invasion

Journal of Insect Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(3)

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2020

Abstract After its initial discovery in California 2008, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura has become one of the most important invasive agricultural pest insects across climate zones much Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Populations D. have demonstrated notable behavioral physiological plasticity, adapting to diverse environmental climatic conditions, interspecific competition, novel food sources, potential predators. This adaptability plasticity enabled rapid range expansion diversified niche use by suzukii, making it a species particularly suited changing habitats conditions. article reviews factors evidence that influence promotes this species’ invasiveness.

Язык: Английский

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Insects in high‐elevation streams: Life in extreme environments imperiled by climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(12), С. 6667 - 6684

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2020

Abstract Climate change is altering conditions in high‐elevation streams worldwide, with largely unknown effects on resident communities of aquatic insects. Here, we review the challenges climate for insects and how they may respond, focusing current gaps knowledge. Understanding predicting future impacts will depend progress three areas. First, need better descriptions multivariate physical interactions among streams, which include low but rising temperatures, oxygen supply increasing demand, high exposure to ultraviolet radiation, ionic strength, variable shifting flow regimes. These factors are often studied isolation even though covary nature interact space time. Second, a mechanistic understanding drive performance individual Environment‐performance links mediated by physiology behavior, poorly known taxa. Third, define scope importance potential responses across levels biological organization. Short‐term defined tolerances individuals, their capacities perform adequately range conditions, behaviors used exploit local, fine‐scale variation abiotic factors. Longer term change, however, plasticity evolution populations. Whether can mitigate climatic risks via these pathways unknown.

Язык: Английский

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Ant Thermal Tolerance: A Review of Methods, Hypotheses, and Sources of Variation

Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 114(4), С. 459 - 469

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2021

Abstract Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are a conspicuous group of ectotherms whose behavior, distribution, physiology, and fitness regulated by temperature. Consequently, interest in traits like thermal tolerance that enable ants to survive thrive variable climates has increased exponentially over the past few decades. Here, we synthesize published literature on ants. We begin our review with discussion common metrics: critical limits, lethal knock-down resistance, chill-coma recovery, supercooling. In particular, highlight ways each metric is quantified offer set methodological caveats for consideration. next describe patterns hypotheses ant along spatial temporal temperature gradients. Spatially, focus relationships latitude, elevation, urbanization, microclimate. Temporally, seasonal plasticity, daily variation, dominance-thermal tradeoffs, acclimation. further discuss other sources variation including evolutionary history, body size, age, castes, nutrition. Finally, several topics biologists, ranging scope from methods development impacts climate change.

Язык: Английский

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