Evolution and origin of bread wheat

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(7), С. 2549 - 2567

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, genome BBAADD) is a young hexaploid species formed only 8,500-9,000 years ago through hybridization between domesticated free-threshing tetraploid progenitor, BBAA, and Aegilops tauschii, the diploid donor of D subgenome. Very soon after its formation, it spread globally from cradle in fertile crescent into new habitats climates, to become staple food humanity. This extraordinary global expansion was probably enabled by allopolyploidy that accelerated genetic novelty acquisition traits, intergenomic interactions, buffering mutations, attractiveness bread wheat's large, tasty, nutritious grain with high baking quality. New sequences suggest elusive B subgenome distinct (unknown or extinct) rather than mosaic genome. We discuss origin progenitors conflicting archaeological evidence on where which progenitor. Wheat experienced many environmental changes throughout evolution, therefore, while might adapt current climatic changes, efforts are needed better use conserve vast gene pool biodiversity our security depends.

Язык: Английский

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Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China

Science China Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 65(9), С. 1718 - 1775

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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An unusual tandem kinase fusion protein confers leaf rust resistance in wheat

Nature Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55(6), С. 914 - 920

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

The introgression of chromosome segments from wild relatives is an established strategy to enrich crop germplasm with disease-resistance genes1. Here we use mutagenesis and transcriptome sequencing clone the leaf rust resistance gene Lr9, which was introduced into bread wheat grass species Aegilops umbellulata2. We that Lr9 encodes unusual tandem kinase fusion protein. Long-read a line putative Ae. umbellulata donor enabled us assemble ~28.4-Mb translocation identify breakpoint. likewise cloned Lr58, reportedly introgressed triuncialis3, but has identical coding sequence compared Lr9. Cytogenetic haplotype analyses corroborate two genes originate same event. Our work sheds light on emerging role proteins in disease resistance, expanding repertoire for breeding.

Язык: Английский

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Dissection of a rapidly evolving wheat resistance gene cluster by long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning of Pm69

Plant Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(1), С. 100646 - 100646

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2023

Gene cloning in repeat-rich polyploid genomes remains challenging. Here we describe a strategy for overcoming major bottlenecks the of powdery mildew (Pm) resistance gene (R-gene) Pm69 derived from tetraploid wild emmer wheat (WEW). A conventional positional approach was not effective due to suppressed recombination. Chromosome sorting compromised by insufficient purity. physical map, constructed assembling Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) long-read genome sequences, revealed rapidly evolving nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) R-gene cluster with structural variations. single candidate NLR identified anchoring RNASeq reads susceptible mutants ONT contigs and validated virus-induced silencing. is likely newly evolved NLR, which discovered only one location across WEW distribution range Israel. successfully introgressed into cultivated wheat, diagnostic molecular marker used accelerate its deployment pyramiding other R-genes.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenomic profiles of whole-genome duplications in Poaceae and landscape of differential duplicate retention and losses among major Poaceae lineages

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Abstract Poaceae members shared a whole-genome duplication called rho. However, little is known about the evolutionary pattern of rho-derived duplicates among lineages and implications in adaptive evolution. Here we present phylogenomic/phylotranscriptomic analyses 363 grasses covering all 12 subfamilies report nine previously unknown duplications. Furthermore, duplications from single were mapped to multiple nodes on species phylogeny; was likely by woody bamboos with possible gene flow herbaceous bamboos; recent paralogues tetraploid Oryza are implicated tolerance seawater submergence. Moreover, rho showing differential retention include those functions environmental adaptations or morphogenesis, including ACOT for aquatic environments (Oryzoideae), CK2β cold responses (Pooideae), SPIRAL1 rapid cell elongation (Bambusoideae), PAI1 drought/cold (Panicoideae). This study presents profile evidence mechanisms that contribute losses.

Язык: Английский

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Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 encodes a mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Abstract Wheat powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases threatening global wheat production. The wild relatives constitute rich sources diversity for resistance. Here, we report map-based cloning resistance gene Pm13 from species Aegilops longissima . encodes a mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein that contains an N-terminal-domain MLKL (MLKL_NTD) domain in its N-terminus and C-terminal serine/threonine (STK) domain. function validated by mutagenesis, silencing, transgenic assay, allelic association analyses. development introgression lines with significantly reduced chromosome segments Ae. encompassing enables widespread deployment this into cultivars. may provide valuable insights molecular mechanisms underlying -mediated highlight important roles fusion proteins (KFPs) immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Variation in TaSPL6-D confers salinity tolerance in bread wheat by activating TaHKT1;5-D while preserving yield-related traits

Nature Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56(6), С. 1257 - 1269

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Pm57 from Aegilops searsii encodes a tandem kinase protein and confers wheat powdery mildew resistance

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Abstract Powdery mildew is a devastating disease that affects wheat yield and quality. Wheat wild relatives represent valuable sources of resistance genes. Cloning characterization these genes will facilitate their incorporation into breeding programs. Here, we report the cloning Pm57 , powdery gene from Aegilops searsii . It encodes tandem kinase protein with putative kinase-pseudokinase domains followed by von Willebrand factor A domain (WTK-vWA), being ortholog Lr9 mediates leaf rust resistance. The function validated via independent mutants, silencing, transgenic assays. Stable lines introgression exhibit high levels all-stage to diverse isolates Bgt fungus, no negative impacts on agronomic parameters are observed in our experimental set-up. Our findings highlight emerging role fusion proteins plant provide for breeding.

Язык: Английский

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Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(10), С. 982 - 982

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021

Wheat (

Язык: Английский

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Orthologous genes Pm12 and Pm21 from two wild relatives of wheat show evolutionary conservation but divergent powdery mildew resistance

Plant Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4(2), С. 100472 - 100472

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2022

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a devastating disease that threatens wheat production worldwide. Pm12, which originated from Aegilops speltoides, wild relative of wheat, confers strong resistance to mildew and therefore has potential use in breeding. Using susceptible mutants induced gamma irradiation, we physically mapped isolated Pm12 showed it be orthologous Pm21 Dasypyrum villosum, also wheat. The function was validated via ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, virus-induced gene silencing, stable genetic transformation. Evolutionary analysis indicates the Pm12/Pm21 loci species are relatively conserved but dynamic. Here, demonstrated two genes, Pm21, possess differential against same set Bgt isolates. Overexpression coiled-coil domains both PM12 PM21 induces cell death Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. However, their full-length forms display different death-inducing activities distinct intramolecular interactions. Cloning will facilitate its application breeding programs. This study gives new insight into show race specificities interaction patterns.

Язык: Английский

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