Semantic structures facilitate threat memory integration throughout the medial temporal lobe and medial prefrontal cortex

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(15), С. 3522 - 3536.e5

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

An Honest Reckoning With the Amygdala and Mental Illness

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 181(12), С. 1059 - 1075

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Anxiety disorders are a leading source of human misery, morbidity, and premature mortality. Existing treatments far from curative for many, underscoring the need to clarify underlying neural mechanisms. Although many brain regions contribute, amygdala has received most intense scientific attention. Over past several decades, this scrutiny yielded detailed understanding function, but it failed produce new clinical assays, biomarkers, or cures. Rising urgent public health challenge demands an honest reckoning with functional-neuroanatomical complexity shift theories anchored on "the amygdala" models centered specific nuclei cell types. This review begins by examining evidence studies rodents, monkeys, humans "canonical model," idea that plays central role in fear- anxiety-related states, traits, disorders. Next, authors selectively highlight work indicating canonical model, while true, is overly simplistic fails adequately capture actual state evidentiary record, breadth amygdala-associated functions illnesses, amygdala's functional architecture. The describe implications these facts basic neuroimaging research. concludes some general recommendations grappling accelerating efforts understand more effectively treat amygdala-related psychopathology.

Язык: Английский

---

Threat learning by proxy: Semantic structures facilitate emotional memory integration throughout the MTL and medial prefrontal cortex

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2023

Emotional experiences can profoundly impact our conceptual model of the world, modifying how we represent and remember a host information even indirectly associated with that experience in past. Yet, new emotional infiltrates spreads across pre-existing semantic categories is unknown. We used an aversive sensory preconditioning paradigm fMRI (N=35) to investigate whether threat memories integrate pre-established category alter representation entire category. observed selective but transient changes conceptually-related items amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, occipitotemporal cortex following conditioning simple cue (geometric shape) pre-associated different, related, set exemplars. These representational persisted beyond 24-hours hippocampus perirhinal cortex. During conditioning, reactivation interacted hippocampal/medial activity predict subsequent amygdala toward novel members at test, providing evidence for online integration promoting generalization. Behaviorally, by proxy selectively retroactively enhanced recognition memory, increased perceived typicality threat. findings detail complex route through which learning generalizes associative networks built up over time stored memory as knowledge.

Язык: Английский

---

Dimensionality and optimal combination of autonomic fear-conditioning measures in humans

Behavior Research Methods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56(6), С. 6119 - 6129

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Abstract Fear conditioning, also termed threat is a commonly used learning model with clinical relevance. Quantification of conditioning in humans often relies on conditioned autonomic responses such as skin conductance (SCR), pupil size (PSR), heart period (HPR), or respiration amplitude (RAR), which are usually analyzed separately. Here, we investigate whether inter-individual variability differential responses, averaged across acquisition, exhibits multi-dimensional structure, and the extent to their linear combination could enhance precision inference has occurred. In mega-analytic approach, re-analyze nine data sets including 256 individuals, acquired by group last author, using standard routines framework psychophysiological modeling (PsPM). Our analysis revealed systematic differences effect between measures datasets, but no evidence for multidimensional structure various combinations measures. We derive statistically optimal weights combining four subsets thereof, provide out-of-sample performance metrics these weights, accompanied bias-corrected confidence intervals. show that achieve same statistical power, allows relevant reduction sample size, common scenario amounts roughly 24%. To summarize, demonstrate one-dimensional measures, terms maximal retrodictive validity.

Язык: Английский

---

Fear and Safety Learning in Anxiety Spectrum Disorders: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2024

Fear learning processes are assumed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, heterogeneous group disorders characterized by excessive and avoidance behavior. While some receive more attention fear safety research, others remain understudied. Heterogeneity concepts, measures, designs within field further contribute inconsistent study outcomes. Addressing these challenges, we conducted systematic meta-analysis, adhering PRISMA guidelines, examine differences conditioning between patients healthy participants, updating meta-analysis Duits et al. (2015). We extended previous analyses conducting subgroup for different types distinguished physiological behavioral outcome measurements. This includes 76 studies published 1986 2022 with data from 1.974 3.154 participants. The results support acquisition extinction individuals compared More specifically, showed heightened responses CS- both measures during acquisition, increased aversiveness ratings CS+. Following learning, threat expectancy affect CS+ CS-, alongside stronger SCR These findings suggest that may exhibit amplified cues along delayed learned associations. changes lead sensitivity acquiring detecting slower process, resulting enduring responses. characteristics consistent "better-safe-than-sorry" information processing strategy linked susceptibility anxiety. integrate our into current literature on discuss possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, explicitly mention give recommendations how they can be addressed.

Язык: Английский

---

Out with the bad, in with the good: A review on augmented extinction learning in humans

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 215, С. 107994 - 107994

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Fear and Safety Learning in Anxiety- and Stress-Related Disorders: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 105983 - 105983

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Neural correlates of immediate versus delayed extinction when simultaneously varying the time of the test in humans

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(15), С. 9325 - 9338

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

Anxiety disorders are effectively treated with exposure therapy based on the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Animal research indicates that both timing and test important factors to reduce return fear. However, empirical evidence in humans is incomplete inconsistent. In this neuroimaging study, we, therefore, tested 103 young, healthy participants a 2-factorial between-subjects design group (immediate, delayed) (+1 day +7 days). Immediate led greater retention memory at beginning training indicated by increased skin conductance responses. A was observed groups, trend toward immediate extinction. The generally higher groups an early test. Neuroimaging results show successful cross-group acquisition retention, as well activation left nucleus accumbens during training. Importantly, delayed showed larger bilateral This finding discussed terms salience, contingency, relief, prediction error processing. It may imply benefits more from new learning opportunity.

Язык: Английский

---

Calibration experiments: an experimentalist alternative to multi-method approaches for measurement validation

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2023

Most theories in psychological, educational, and social sciences deal with latent, not directly observable, variables such as memory, cognitive skills, or job satisfaction. Measurement validation ensures that the actually taken measurements relate to latent variable one is interested in, becoming ever more pervasive a criterion for pre-registering specific sets of observables data processing steps. According existing research canon, quantitative ideally performed within context multi-trait multi-method matrix (MTMM). While statistically fairly well developed, this approach has several conceptual practical shortcomings limit its domain application: (1) requirement discriminant can be measured same methods, (2) conceptually different methods disambiguate trait from factors, most seriously (3) difficulty identifying valid over less method. Here, we compare experiment-based calibration, complementary externally manipulated. Inspired by practice experimental calibration modern metrology (measurement science), relies on an treatment introduces external criterion, which procedurally unrelated measurement methods. We show how even closely related dispenses need variables, allows optimizing psychometric procedures themselves. Calibration thus complement classical psychometrics are amenable manipulation, could become part integrative validity argument sciences.

Язык: Английский

---

Experiment-based calibration in psychology: Optimal design considerations

Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 117, С. 102818 - 102818

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Psychological theories are often formulated at the level of latent, not directly observable, variables. Empirical measurement latent variables ought to be valid. Classical psychometric validity indices can difficult apply in experimental contexts. A complementary index, termed retrodictive validity, is correlation theory-derived predicted scores with actually measured scores, specifically designed calibration experiments. In current note, I analyse how experiments maximise information garnered and specifically, minimise sample variance estimators. First, harness asymptotic limits analytically derive different distribution features that impact on estimator variance. Then, numerically simulate various distributions combinations feature values. This allows deriving recommendations for values, resource investment, Finally, highlight cases which a misspecified theory particularly problematic.

Язык: Английский

---