bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 11, 2021
It
has
generally
been
presumed
that
sensory
information
encoded
by
a
nervous
system
should
be
as
accurate
its
biological
limitations
allow.
However,
perhaps
counter
intuitively,
representations
of
signals
do
not
necessarily
maximize
the
organism’s
chances
survival.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
we
developed
unified
normative
framework
for
fitness-maximizing
encoding
combining
theoretical
insights
from
neuroscience,
computer
science,
and
economics.
Initially,
applied
predictions
model
to
neural
responses
large
monopolar
cells
(LMCs)
in
blowfly
retina.
We
found
codes
reward
expectation—and
representations—account
retinal
LMC
activity.
also
conducted
experiments
humans
find
early
areas
flexibly
adopt
promote
fitness
maximization
retinotopically-specific
manner,
which
impacted
decision
behavior.
Thus,
our
results
provide
evidence
rules
imposed
environment
are
at
earliest
stages
processing.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
42(9), С. 113133 - 113133
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
Visual
stimuli
that
deviate
from
the
current
context
elicit
augmented
responses
in
primary
visual
cortex
(V1).
These
heightened
responses,
known
as
"deviance
detection,"
require
local
inhibition
V1
and
top-down
input
anterior
cingulate
area
(ACa).
Here,
we
investigated
mechanisms
by
which
ACa
interact
to
support
deviance
detection.
Local
field
potential
recordings
mice
during
an
oddball
paradigm
showed
ACa-V1
synchrony
peaks
theta/alpha
band
(≈10
Hz).
Two-photon
imaging
revealed
mainly
pyramidal
neurons
exhibited
detection,
while
contextually
redundant
increased
vasoactive
intestinal
peptide
(VIP)-positive
interneuron
(VIP)
activity
decreased
somatostatin-positive
(SST)
activity.
Optogenetic
drive
of
inputs
at
10
Hz
activated
V1-VIPs
but
inhibited
V1-SSTs,
mirroring
dynamics
present
paradigm.
Chemogenetic
disrupted
Aca-V1
detection
V1.
results
outline
temporal
interneuron-specific
modulation
processing.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
103(1), С. 347 - 389
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022
Flexibly
selecting
appropriate
actions
in
response
to
complex,
ever-changing
environments
requires
both
cortical
and
subcortical
regions,
which
are
typically
described
as
participating
a
strict
hierarchy.
In
this
traditional
view,
highly
specialized
circuits
allow
for
efficient
responses
salient
stimuli,
at
the
cost
of
adaptability
context
specificity,
attributed
neocortex.
Their
interactions
often
cortex
providing
top-down
command
signals
structures
implement;
however,
available
technologies
develop,
studies
increasingly
demonstrate
that
behavior
is
represented
by
brainwide
activity
even
contain
early
choice,
suggesting
behavioral
functions
emerge
result
different
regions
interacting
truly
collaborative
networks.
review,
we
discuss
field’s
evolving
understanding
how
placental
mammals
interact
cooperatively,
not
only
via
cortical-subcortical
inputs
but
through
bottom-up
interactions,
especially
thalamus.
We
describe
our
current
circuitry
two
exemplar
structures,
superior
colliculus
striatum,
identify
information
prioritized
regions.
then
functional
these
form
with
one
another,
thalamus,
create
parallel
loops
complex
networks
flow.
Finally,
challenge
classic
view
modules
contained
within
specific
brain
regions;
instead,
propose
certain
prioritize
types
over
others,
subnetworks
they
form,
defined
their
anatomical
connections
dynamics,
basis
true
specialization.
Nature Human Behaviour,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
7(7), С. 1135 - 1151
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023
Abstract
Sensory
information
encoded
by
humans
and
other
organisms
is
generally
presumed
to
be
as
accurate
their
biological
limitations
allow.
However,
perhaps
counterintuitively,
sensory
representations
may
not
necessarily
maximize
the
organism’s
chances
of
survival.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
we
developed
a
unified
normative
framework
for
fitness-maximizing
encoding
combining
theoretical
insights
from
neuroscience,
computer
science,
economics.
Behavioural
experiments
in
revealed
that
strategies
are
flexibly
adapted
promote
fitness
maximization,
result
confirmed
deep
neural
networks
with
capacity
constraints
trained
solve
same
task
humans.
Moreover,
human
functional
MRI
data
novel
behavioural
goals
rely
on
object
perception
induce
efficient
stimulus
early
structures.
These
results
suggest
rules
imposed
environment
applied
at
stages
processing
machines.
Biological Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
95(2), С. 112 - 122
Опубликована: Май 27, 2023
BackgroundThe
posterior
intralaminar
(PIL)
complex
of
the
thalamus
is
a
multimodal
nucleus
that
has
been
implicated
in
maternal
behaviors
and
conspecific
social
male
female
rodents.
Glutamatergic
neurons
are
major
component
PIL;
however,
their
specific
activity
role
during
interactions
not
yet
assessed.MethodsWe
used
immunohistochemistry
for
immediate
early
gene
c-fos
as
proxy
neuronal
PIL
mice
exposed
to
novel
stimulus,
object
or
no
stimulus.
We
then
fiber
photometry
record
neural
glutamatergic
real-time
non-social
interactions.
Finally,
we
inhibitory
DREADDs
tested
preference
habituation-dishabituation.ResultsWe
observed
significantly
more
c-fos-positive
cells
versus
stimuli.
Neural
was
increased
when
were
engaged
interaction
with
same-sex
juvenile
opposite-sex
adult,
but
toy
mouse.
positively
correlated
investigation
bout
length
negatively
chronological
order
bouts.
Social
unaffected
by
inhibition;
inhibiting
delayed
time
it
took
form
habituation.ConclusionsTogether
these
findings
suggest
respond
stimuli
both
may
regulate
perceptual
encoding
information
facilitate
recognition
Translational Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2023
Abstract
The
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
has
been
implicated
in
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD).
More
specifically,
an
appropriate
balance
of
excitatory
and
inhibitory
activity
the
ACC
may
be
critical
for
control
impulsivity,
hyperactivity,
sustained
which
are
centrally
affected
ADHD.
Hence,
pharmacological
augmentation
parvalbumin-
(PV)
or
somatostatin-positive
(Sst)
interneurons
could
a
potential
treatment
strategy.
We,
therefore,
tested
whether
stimulation
G
q
-protein-coupled
receptors
(G
PCRs)
these
improve
impulsivity
assessed
with
5-choice-serial
reaction-time
task
male
mice.
When
challenging
impulse
behaviourally
pharmacologically,
activation
chemogenetic
PCR
hM3Dq
PV-cells
caused
selective
decrease
active
erroneous—i.e.
incorrect
premature—responses,
indicating
improved
attentional
control.
attention,
contrast,
omissions
were
increased,
albeit
without
extension
reward
latencies
decreases
accuracy.
These
effects
largely
resembled
those
ADHD
medication
atomoxetine.
Additionally,
they
mostly
independent
each
other
within
individual
animals.
also
reduced
hyperactivity.
In
if
was
activated
Sst-interneurons,
no
improvement
observed,
reduction
responses
only
induced
at
high
agonist
levels
accompanied
by
motivational
drive.
results
suggest
that
PCRs
expressed
specifically
viable
strategy
to
certain
aspects
