Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
44(19), С. e2345232024 - e2345232024
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024
Animals
must
distinguish
the
sensory
consequences
of
self-generated
movements
(reafference)
from
those
other-generated
(exafference).
Only
entail
production
motor
copies
(i.e.,
corollary
discharges),
which
are
compared
with
reafference
in
cerebellum
to
compute
predictive
or
internal
models
movement.
Internal
emerge
gradually
over
first
three
postnatal
weeks
rats
through
a
process
that
is
not
yet
fully
understood.
Previously,
we
demonstrated
day
(P)
8
and
P12
precerebellar
nuclei
convey
discharge
during
active
(REM)
sleep
when
pups
produce
limb
twitches.
Here,
recording
deep
cerebellar
nucleus
(interpositus,
IP)
both
sexes,
reafferent
exafferent
responses
twitches
stimulations,
respectively.
As
expected,
most
IP
units
showed
robust
However,
contrast
other
structures
throughout
brain,
relatively
few
responses.
Upon
finding
occurred
under
urethane
anesthesia,
hypothesized
inhibits
cortical
cells,
thereby
disinhibiting
IP.
In
support
this
hypothesis,
ablating
tissue
dorsal
mimicked
effects
on
exafference.
Finally,
results
suggest
twitch-related
conveyed
simultaneously
parallel
cortex
Based
these
results,
propose
provide
opportunities
for
nascent
integrate
somatotopically
organized
reafference,
enabling
development
closed-loop
circuits
and,
subsequently,
models.
Continuous
sleep
restores
the
brain
and
body,
whereas
fragmented
harms
cognition
health.
Microarousals
(MAs),
brief
(3-
to
15-s-long)
wake
intrusions
into
sleep,
are
clinical
markers
for
various
disorders.
Recent
rodent
studies
show
that
MAs
during
healthy
non-rapid
eye
movement
(NREM)
driven
by
infraslow
fluctuations
of
noradrenaline
(NA)
in
coordination
with
electrophysiological
rhythms,
vasomotor
activity,
cerebral
blood
volume,
glymphatic
flow.
hence
part
dynamics,
raising
questions
about
their
biological
roles.
We
propose
bolster
NREM
sleep's
benefits
associated
NA
fluctuations,
according
an
inverted
U-shaped
curve.
Weakened
noradrenergic
as
may
occur
neurodegenerative
diseases
or
aids,
reduce
MAs,
exacerbated
caused
stress
fragment
collapse
signaling.
suggest
crucial
restorative
plasticity-promoting
functions
advance
our
insight
normal
pathological
arousal
dynamics
from
sleep.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
44(26), С. e1012232024 - e1012232024
Опубликована: Май 20, 2024
The
third
trimester
is
a
critical
period
for
the
development
of
functional
networks
that
support
lifelong
neurocognitive
performance,
yet
emergence
neuronal
coupling
in
these
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
used
longitudinal
high-density
electroencephalographic
recordings
from
preterm
infants
during
33
to
45
weeks
conceptional
age
(CA)
characterize
early
spatiotemporal
patterns
local
cortical
function
and
intrinsic
modes
[ICMs;
phase–phase
(PPCs),
amplitude–amplitude
(AACs),
phase–amplitude
correlations
(PACs)].
Absolute
power
showed
robust
increase
with
CA
across
full
frequency
spectrum,
while
PACs
sleep
state-specific,
biphasic
peaked
few
before
normal
birth.
AACs
distant
decreased
globally
at
nearly
all
frequencies.
In
contrast,
PPCs
frequency-
region-selective
development,
an
strength
between
frontal,
central,
occipital
regions
low-delta
alpha
frequencies
together
wider-spread
decrease
other
Our
findings
present
spectrally
spatially
differential
distinct
ICMs
neonatal
provide
their
developmental
templates
future
basic
clinical
research.
In
developing
rats,
behavioral
state
exerts
a
profound
modulatory
influence
on
neural
activity
throughout
the
sensorimotor
system,
including
primary
motor
cortex
(M1).
We
hypothesized
that
similar
state-dependent
modulation
occurs
in
prefrontal
cortical
areas
with
which
M1
forms
functional
connections.
Here,
using
8-
and
12-day-old
rats
cycling
freely
between
sleep
wake,
we
record
M1,
secondary
(M2),
medial
(mPFC).
At
both
ages
all
three
areas,
increased
during
active
(AS)
compared
wake.
Also,
regardless
of
state,
periods
when
limbs
were
moving.
The
movement-related
M2
mPFC,
like
is
driven
by
sensory
feedback.
Our
results,
diverge
from
those
previous
studies
anesthetized
pups,
demonstrate
AS-dependent
responsivity
extend
to
cortex.
These
findings
expand
range
possible
factors
shaping
activity-dependent
development
higher-order
areas.
Developmental Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
27(4)
Опубликована: Март 3, 2024
Abstract
Producing
recognizable
words
is
a
difficult
motor
task;
one‐syllable
word
can
require
the
coordination
of
over
80
muscles.
Thus,
it
not
surprising
that
development
productions
in
infancy
lags
considerably
behind
receptive
language
and
known
limiting
factor
development.
A
large
literature
has
focused
on
vocal
apparatus,
its
articulators,
There
been
limited
study
relations
between
non‐speech
skills
quality
early
speech
productions.
Here
we
present
evidence
spontaneous
vocalizations
9‐
to
24‐month‐old
infants
recruit
extraneous,
synergistic
co‐activations
hand
head
movements
temporal
precision
co‐activation
extraneous
muscle
groups
tightens
with
age
improved
recognizability
speech.
These
results
implicate
an
interaction
produce
other
body
provide
new
empirical
pathways
for
understanding
role
acquisition.
Research
Highlights
The
movements.
these
during
production
tighten
recognition.
producing
Pediatric Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Abstract
In
1966,
Howard
Roffwarg
proposed
the
ontogenic
sleep
hypothesis,
relating
neural
plasticity
and
development
to
rapid
eye
movement
(REM)
sleep,
a
hypothesis
that
current
fetal
neonatal
research
is
still
exploring.
Recently,
technological
advances
have
enabled
researchers
automatically
quantify
architecture,
which
has
caused
resurgence
of
in
this
field
as
attempts
are
made
further
elucidate
important
role
pre-
postnatal
brain
development.
This
article
will
review
our
understanding
driver
identify
possible
areas
for
future
research.
Impact
The
evidence
date
suggests
Roffwarg’s
ontogenesis
correct.
A
better
relationship
between
functional
connectivity
needed.
Reliable,
non-invasive
tools
assess
NICU
at
home
need
be
tested
real-world
environment
best
way
promote
healthy
needs
understood
before
clinical
trials
promoting
optimizing
quality
neonates
could
undertaken.
