Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(9), С. 2211 - 2211

Опубликована: Май 6, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis their deficiency is involved the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites specific bacterial taxa human microbiota, production influenced by foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, direct fostering these taxa. This Review provides an overview SCFAs’ roles functions, SCFA-producing bacteria, from microbiological characteristics taxonomy to biochemical process that lead release SCFAs. Moreover, we will describe potential therapeutic approaches boost levels treat different related diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(11), С. 4144 - 4144

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2021

Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, concerns human health of planet. diets more environmentally sustainable than meat-based have a reduced environmental impact, producing lower levels greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines normally formulated to enhance society, reduce risk chronic diseases, prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed scientific data on plant-based summarize their preventative therapeutic role cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis. Consuming is safe effective all stages life cycle, from pregnancy lactation, childhood, old age. which high fiber polyphenolics, also associated with diverse gut microbiota, metabolites that anti-inflammatory functions may help manage disease processes. Concerns about adequate intake number nutrients, vitamin B12, calcium, D, iron, zinc, omega-3 fats, discussed. The use fortified foods and/or supplements well appropriate food choices outlined each nutrient. Finally, suggested professionals working clients consuming diets.

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive apnea. The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide, particularly middle-aged and elderly individuals. mechanism upper airway incompletely understood but associated with several factors, including obesity, craniofacial changes, altered muscle function airway, pharyngeal neuropathy, fluid shifts neck. main characteristics are recurrent pauses respiration, lead intermittent hypoxia (IH) hypercapnia, accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation arousal sharply increases risk diseases. This paper first briefly describes epidemiology, incidence, pathophysiological mechanisms OSAS. Next, alterations relevant signaling pathways induced IH systematically reviewed discussed. For example, can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, impair intestinal barrier, alter metabolites. These ultimately secondary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, sympathetic activation. We then summarize effects on disease pathogenesis, cardiocerebrovascular disorders, neurological metabolic diseases, cancer, reproductive COVID-19. Finally, different therapeutic strategies for caused causes proposed. Multidisciplinary approaches shared decision-making necessary successful treatment future, more randomized controlled trials needed further evaluation define what treatments best specific patients.

Язык: Английский

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Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(6), С. 1137 - 1137

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following adoption plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes whole grains, fruits, and vegetables positive trends observed consumption legumes, pulses, nuts, olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products to best benefits inflammation, red meat egg neutral effects. The present review provides an overview mechanisms underlying relation between immune system, with focus specific macronutrient non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) Substantial differences within each group explain conflicting results obtained regarding foods high saturated fats carbohydrates, subtypes molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain free added sugars) when exploring diet as well importance matrix commixture context patterns. Dietary polyphenols oligopeptides hypothesized exert several functions, including regulation inflammatory response system. Overall, suggests affect system regardless obesity-related

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived ursodeoxycholic acid from neonatal dairy calves improves intestinal homeostasis and colitis to attenuate extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Май 28, 2022

Abstract Background Antimicrobials are often used to prevent and treat diarrhea induced by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in young ruminants. However, drug overuse or misuse accelerates the spread of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. . Thus, supplementary foods as alternatives antibiotics needed colibacillus neonatal dairy calves. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a therapeutic bile acid, helps alleviate colitis. how UDCA ESBL-EAEC-induced clinical symptoms colitis remains unclear. Results We investigated microbial profiles metabolites healthy diarrheic calves determine metabolite biomarkers early-life development. Both gut microbiota communities their associated differed between Commensal Butyricicoccus , Faecalibacterium Ruminococcus Collinsella Coriobacterium were key markers that distinguished microbiomes. Random forest machine-learning algorithm Spearman correlation results indicated enriched UDCA, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), other prebiotics strongly positively correlated with these five bacterial genera. explored effect ursodiol on growth, cell adherence, lipopolysaccharide-treated Caco-2 cells. Adding direct antibacterial effects, suppressed proinflammatory reduced integrity damage. Oral delivery mice exhibited significant effects helped maintain colonic barrier mouse models peritonitis sepsis oral infection. supplementation attenuated recovered SCFA production. To validate this, we performed fecal transplantations inoculate ESBL-EAEC-infected mice. Microbiotas from UDCA-treated ameliorated hindgut commensal damage compared microbiotas control placebo mice, evidenced colonization abundant bacteria, including Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridia_UCG-014 upregulated Conclusions This study provided first evidence could confer resistance newborn blocked growth invasion both vitro vivo, alleviated dysbiosis during ESBL-EAEC infection via TGR5-NF-κB axis, production digesta. Our findings provide insight into UDCA-mediated remission infections potential role an antibiotic alternative.

Язык: Английский

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Protective Effects of Natural Polysaccharides on Intestinal Barrier Injury: A Review

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 70(3), С. 711 - 735

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Owing to their minimal side effects and effective protection from oxidative stress, inflammation, malignant growth, natural polysaccharides (NPs) are a potential adjuvant therapy for several diseases caused by intestinal barrier injury (IBI). More studies accumulating on the protective of NPs with respect IBI, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this review aims represent current that investigate IBI directly maintaining epithelial integrity (inhibiting regulating inflammatory cytokine expression, increasing tight junction protein expression) indirectly immunity microbiota. Furthermore, development briefly introduced, structure–activity relationships discussed. Potential developments challenges associated exhibiting against have also been highlighted guide application in treatment IBI.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of diabetes

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 97, С. 104821 - 104821

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Butyrate to combat obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic disorders: Current status and future implications for therapeutic use

Obesity Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(10)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2022

Summary Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, major end product bacterial fermentation indigestible carbohydrates, reputed to have anti‐inflammatory properties positive effects on body weight control insulin sensitivity. However, whether butyrate has therapeutic potential for treatment prevention obesity‐related complications remains be elucidated. Overall, animal studies strongly indicate administered via various routes (e.g., orally) positively affects adipose tissue metabolism functioning, energy substrate metabolism, systemic tissue‐specific inflammation, sensitivity control. A limited number human demonstrated interindividual differences clinical effectiveness suggesting outcomes depend metabolic, microbial, lifestyle‐related characteristics target population. Hence, despite abundant evidence from data, support data urgently required implementation evidence‐based oral gut‐derived interventions. To increase efficacy butyrate‐focused interventions, future research should investigate which factors impact including baseline microbial activity functionality, thereby optimizing targeted‐interventions identifying individuals merit most such

Язык: Английский

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The Bidirectional Gut–Lung Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 207(9), С. 1145 - 1160

Опубликована: Март 8, 2023

Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with the incidence of changes in intestinal health. Cigarette smoking, as one major causes COPD, can have an impact on gastrointestinal system and promotes diseases. This points to existence gut–lung interactions, but overview underlying mechanisms bidirectional connection between lungs gut COPD lacking. The interaction occur through circulating inflammatory cells mediators. Moreover, microbiota dysbiosis, observed both disorders, lead a disturbed mucosal environment, including barrier immune system, hence may negatively affect lungs. Furthermore, systemic hypoxia oxidative stress also be involved dysfunction play role axis. In this review, we summarize data from clinical research, animal models, vitro explain possible interactions COPD. Interesting observations possibility promising future add-on therapies for patients are highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2022

As Helicobacter pylori management has become more challenging and less efficient over the last decade, interest in innovative interventions is growing by day. Probiotic co-supplementation to antibiotic therapies reported several studies, presenting a moderate reduction drug-related side effects promotion positive treatment outcomes. However, significance of gut microbiota involvement competence probiotic emphasized few researchers, indicating alteration host gastrointestinal following drug uptake. Due lack long-term follow-up studies determine efficiency intervention H. eradication, delicate interaction with wellness, this review aims discuss predict comprehensive effectiveness oral administration.Abbreviations: acyl-CoA- acyl-coenzyme A; AMP- antimicrobial peptide; AMPK- AMP-activated protein kinase; AP-1- activator 1; BA- bile acid; BAR- acid receptor; BCAA- branched-chain amino C2- acetate; C3- propionate; C4- butyrate; C5- valeric CagA- Cytotoxin-associated gene cAMP- cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CD- Crohn's disease; CDI- C. difficile infection; COX-2- cyclooxygenase-2; DC- dendritic cell; EMT- epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FMO- flavin monooxygenases; FXR- farnesoid X GPBAR1- G-protein-coupled receptor GPR4- G protein-coupled 4; H2O2- hydrogen peroxide; HCC- hepatocellular carcinoma; HSC- hepatic stellate IBD- inflammatory bowel IBS- irritable syndrome; IFN-γ- interferon-gamma; IgA immunoglobulin IL- interleukin; iNOS- induced nitric oxide synthase; JAK1- janus kinase JAM-A- junctional adhesion molecule LAB- lactic bacteria; LPS- lipopolysaccharide; MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; MAMP- microbe-associated molecular pattern; MCP-1- monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDR- multiple resistance; mTOR- mammalian target rapamycin; MUC- mucin; NAFLD- nonalcoholic fatty liver NF-κB- nuclear factor kappa B; NK- natural killer; NLRP3- NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NOC- N-nitroso compounds; NOD- nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain; PICRUSt- phylogenetic investigation communities reconstruction unobserved states; PRR- pattern recognition RA- retinoic RNS- reactive nitrogen species; ROS- oxygen rRNA- ribosomal RNA; SCFA- short-chain acids; SDR- single SIgA- secretory STAT3- signal transducer transcription T1D- type 1 diabetes; T2D- 2 Th17- T helper 17; TLR- toll-like TMAO- trimethylamine N-oxide; TML- trimethyllysine; TNF-α- tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tr1- regulatory Treg- UC- ulcerative colitis; VacA- Vacuolating toxin A.

Язык: Английский

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