Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids and Their Structure-Activity Relationship Study: A Comparative Interpretation

Molecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(4), С. 1149 - 1149

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2022

According to the latest report released by World Health Organization, bacterial resistance well-known and widely available antibacterial drugs has become a significant severe global health concern grim challenge tackle in order cure infections associated with multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms efficiently. Consequently, various strategies have been orchestrated complications related bacteria effectively. Some approaches involved retardation of biofilm formation multidrug-resistance pumps as well discovery new antimicrobial agents demonstrating different mechanisms action. In this regard, natural products namely alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinone, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, etc., suggested strains owing their versatile pharmacological effects. Amongst these, also known polyphenolic compounds, evaluated for property due tendency retard growth wide range microorganisms, including bacteria. The hydroxylation C5, C7, C3′, C4′; geranylation or prenylation at C6 extensively studied increase inhibition flavonoids. On other hand, methoxylation C3′ C5 reported decrease flavonoids’ Hence, information on activity flavonoids is summarized review, particular attention structure–activity relationship broad class compounds discover safe potent products.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances on the roles of flavonoids as plant protective molecules after UV and high light exposure

Physiologia Plantarum, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 173(3), С. 736 - 749

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Flavonoids are plant specialized metabolites that consist of one oxygenated and two aromatic rings. Different flavonoids grouped according to the oxidation degree carbon rings; they can later be modified by glycosylations, hydroxylations, acylations, methylations, or prenylations. These modifications generate a wide collection different molecules which have various functions in plants. All absorb UV wavelengths, mostly accumulate epidermis cells their biosynthesis is generally activated after exposure. Therefore, been assumed protect plants against exposure radiation this range. Some also other for example anthocyanins, light visible part solar spectrum. Besides, some show antioxidant properties, is, act as scavengers reactive oxygen species could produced high fluence However, date most reports were based on vitro studies, there very little vivo evidence how roles carried out. In review we first summarize biosynthetic pathway characteristics, describe recent advances investigation role three abundant flavonoids: flavonols, flavones, protecting We present examples using UV-B supplementation increase flavonoid content, possible improve nutritional pharmaceutical values.

Язык: Английский

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Multifaceted roles of flavonoids mediating plant-microbe interactions

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

Plant-microbe interactions dynamically affect plant growth, health, and development. The mechanisms underpinning these associations are-to a large extent-mediated by specialized host-derived secondary metabolites. Flavonoids are one of the most studied classes such metabolites, regulating both development interaction with commensal microbes. Here, we provide comprehensive review multiple roles flavonoids in mediating plant-microbe interactions. First, briefly summarize general aspects flavonoid synthesis, transport, exudation plants. Then, importance influencing overall community assembly plant-root microbiomes. Last, highlight potential knowledge gaps our understanding how determine between plants Collectively, advocate advancing research this area toward innovative strategies to effectively manipulate plant-microbiome composition, case, via production roots. Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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Flavonoids: structure–function and mechanisms of action and opportunities for drug development

Toxicological Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 37(2), С. 147 - 162

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Thermal Degradation of Bioactive Compounds during Drying Process of Horticultural and Agronomic Products: A Comprehensive Overview

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(6), С. 1580 - 1580

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2023

Over the last few decades, many researchers have investigated in detail characteristics of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, flavonoids, and glycosides, volatile fruits, vegetables medicinal aromatic plants that possess beneficial properties, well consumer acceptance preference. The main aim this article is to provide an updated overview recent research endeavors related effects drying process on major bioactive/effective agricultural products. Particular emphasis was placed details changes occurring vitamin C, glycosides compounds, antioxidant activity. An analysis degradation mechanisms these showed phenols, flavonoids react with oxygen during convective under high temperatures, reaction rate results due reducibility. On other hand, temperature a short time, thus minimizing compounds. reviewed works addressing trend revealed ideal temperatures for retaining their activity were 50–60 °C, 55–60 60–70 45–50 40–50 °C 50–70 respectively. In conclusion, maintain plant components, at relatively low strongly recommended.

Язык: Английский

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Group IIc WRKY transcription factors regulate cotton resistance to Fusarium oxysporum by promoting GhMKK2‐mediated flavonoid biosynthesis

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 236(1), С. 249 - 265

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators in response to pathogen infection. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TFs Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), most devastating cotton, remain unclear. Here, transcriptome sequencing indicated that group IIc TF subfamily was important Fov. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses showed positively regulated cotton resistance A series chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, yeast one-hybrid assay electrophoresis mobility shift experiments directly bound promoter GhMKK2 its expression. Importantly, a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade composed GhMKK2, GhNTF6 GhMYC2 identified. The functional analysis induced GhMKK2-GhNTF6 pathway increase Fov by upregulating GhMYC2-mediated expression several flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, which led accumulation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated disease defense mechanism WRKY-MAPK promotes biosynthesis defend against This improves understanding interaction mode between MAPK cascades plant immunity vital role flavonoids defense.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the study of the function and mechanism of the action of flavonoids in plants under environmental stresses

Planta, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 257(6)

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations

Journal of Natural Products, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 86(4), С. 1087 - 1119

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects human health from plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation flavonoids isolated complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra typically consist two major bands, band I (300-380 nm) II (240-295 nm), where the former engenders yellow color; some tails to 400-450 nm. 177 analogues natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar coefficients (109 literature, 68 measured here). spectral data are digital form can be viewed accessed at http://www.photochemcad.com. database enables comparison features 12 distinct types flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones daidzein, genistein), flavones diosmin, luteolin), flavonols fisetin, myricetin). structural that give rise shifts wavelength intensity delineated. availability facilitates analysis these valuable secondary metabolites. Four examples provided calculations─multicomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)─for which accompanying sine qua non.

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Overview, Clinical Applications, Global Perspectives, Future Directions, and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds

Journal of Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024, С. 1 - 21

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Absorption​ of free radicals in the body cannot be done by antioxidant compounds originating from human body, so exogenous antioxidants are required to help their natural action. Oxidative stress can caused an imbalance radical inhibitors and accumulation that enter cellular structures. Synthetic found external not primary choice because they harmful carcinogenic. Therefore, using ingredients provides a necessary alternative constructing novel antioxidants. Recent studies have highlighted critical analysis evaluation flavonoids unique class secondary metabolites plants used communities as traditional therapeutics with proven bioactivity. This could support new discoveries based on various herbal medicines addition, functional effectiveness against radicals. In this review, there several strengths discussion. First, study takes comprehensive approach covering aspects, including properties sources radicals, oxidative relation different diseases, defense mechanisms, specific mechanisms flavonoids. Second, focus antioxidants, especially flavonoids, also discussion about clinical applications studies, limitations, global perspectives, future research directions become references selection medicines. But, constraints should considered when interpreting findings review. mechanism is only discussed general one example compound (flavonoid) has potential antioxidant. lack regarding relationship between diseases Third, limited number investigated some discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Integration of genome-wide association studies, metabolomics, and transcriptomics reveals phenolic acid- and flavonoid-associated genes and their regulatory elements under drought stress in rapeseed flowers

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

Biochemical and metabolic processes help plants tolerate the adverse effects of drought. In accumulating bioactive compounds, understanding genetic control biosynthesis biochemical pathways helps discovery candidate gene (CG)-metabolite relationships.

Язык: Английский

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