Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive apnea. The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide, particularly middle-aged and elderly individuals. mechanism upper airway incompletely understood but associated with several factors, including obesity, craniofacial changes, altered muscle function airway, pharyngeal neuropathy, fluid shifts neck. main characteristics are recurrent pauses respiration, lead intermittent hypoxia (IH) hypercapnia, accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation arousal sharply increases risk diseases. This paper first briefly describes epidemiology, incidence, pathophysiological mechanisms OSAS. Next, alterations relevant signaling pathways induced IH systematically reviewed discussed. For example, can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, impair intestinal barrier, alter metabolites. These ultimately secondary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, sympathetic activation. We then summarize effects on disease pathogenesis, cardiocerebrovascular disorders, neurological metabolic diseases, cancer, reproductive COVID-19. Finally, different therapeutic strategies for caused causes proposed. Multidisciplinary approaches shared decision-making necessary successful treatment future, more randomized controlled trials needed further evaluation define what treatments best specific patients.

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1), С. 83 - 83

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2021

The largest surface of the human body exposed to external environment is gut. At this level, intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, liver barrier. A healthy characterized by selective permeability nutrients, metabolites, water, bacterial products, processes are governed cellular, neural, immune, hormonal factors. Disrupted (leaky syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity metabolically associated steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe morphological-functional features role major modifiers discuss recent evidence pointing key obesity/NAFLD.

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome and hypertension

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(3), С. 153 - 167

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: role of polyphenols

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) often leads to end-stage renal disease. Oxidative stress demonstrates a crucial act in the onset and progression of DN, which triggers various pathological processes while promoting activation inflammation forming vicious oxidative stress-inflammation cycle that induces podocyte injury, extracellular matrix accumulation, glomerulosclerosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tubular atrophy, proteinuria. Conventional treatments for DN have limited efficacy. Polyphenols, as antioxidants, are widely used with multiple targets fewer adverse effects. This review reveals stress-associated led damage cells, including podocytes, endothelial mesangial epithelial cells. It potent antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties by targeting Nrf2, SIRT1, HMGB1, NF-κB, NLRP3 polyphenols, quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, phenolic acid. However, there remains long way comprehensive understanding molecular mechanisms applications clinical therapy polyphenols.

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 294 - 294

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review most recent research advancements gut microbiota–immune axis. We discuss detail how microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such maternal imprinting, utero intestinal metabolome, weaning reaction. describe shapes both innate adaptive immunity with emphasis on short-chain fatty acids secondary bile acids. also comprehensively delineate disruption axis results immune-mediated diseases, gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diabetes, hypertension), autoimmunity rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity asthma allergies), psychological anxiety), cancer colorectal hepatic). further encompass role fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary polyphenols reshaping therapeutic potential. Continuing, examine modulates therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, JAK anti-TNF therapies. lastly mention current challenges metagenomics, germ-free models, recapitulation to achieve fundamental understanding regulates immunity. Altogether, this proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from perspective microbiome-targeted interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota–derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 116(1), С. 230 - 243

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced from dietary nutrients. Many studies have discovered that circulating TMAO concentrations are linked to wide range of health outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and hypertension: association, mechanisms and treatment

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 45(1)

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

Objectives Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, which brings a heavy economic burden to society and becomes major public health problem. At present, pathogenesis hypertension unclear. Increasing evidence has proven that closely related dysbiosis gut microbiota. We briefly reviewed relevant literature on microbiota summarize relationship between hypertension, linked antihypertension effects drugs with their modulation microbiota, discussed potential mechanisms various microbes active metabolites alleviate thus providing new research ideas development drugs.Methods The was collected systematically from scientific database, including Elsevier, PubMed, Web Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well other sources, such classic books herbal medicine.Results can lead imbalance barrier dysfunction, increased harmful bacteria hydrogen sulfide lipopolysaccharide, decreased beneficial short-chain fatty acids, intestinal tight junction proteins permeability. Gut occurrence hypertension. main methods regulate include fecal transplantation, supplementation probiotics, antibiotics, diet exercise, antihypertensive drugs, natural medicines.Conclusions Investigating correlation may help reveal perspective great significance prevention treatment

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota–Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide Contributes to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Through Inflammatory and Apoptotic Mechanisms

Circulation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 147(14), С. 1079 - 1096

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Large-scale human and mechanistic mouse studies indicate a strong relationship between the microbiome-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) several cardiometabolic diseases. This study aims to investigate role of TMAO in pathogenesis abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) target its parent microbes as potential pharmacological intervention.

Язык: Английский

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The oral-gut microbiota axis: a link in cardiometabolic diseases

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Gut-Lung Crosstalk in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2021

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common severe cases of the system with complicated pathogenesis high mortality. Sepsis is leading indirect cause ALI/ARDS in intensive care unit (ICU). The septic complex multifactorial. In development sepsis, disruption intestinal barrier function, alteration gut microbiota, translocation microbiome can lead to systemic local inflammatory responses, which further alter immune homeostasis environment. Disruption may promote propagate ALI/ARDS. turn, when ALI occurs, elevated levels cytokines shift dysregulation mucosal barrier. Thus, interaction between initiate potentiate sepsis-induced gut-lung crosstalk be a promising potential target for intervention. This article reviews underlying mechanism

Язык: Английский

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