Chronic exposure to tire rubber-derived contaminant 6PPD-quinone impairs sperm quality and induces the damage of reproductive capacity in male mice

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 470, С. 134165 - 134165

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187, С. 108677 - 108677

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(3), С. 259 - 265

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024

Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their environmental ubiquity. However, lactational exposure these emerging contaminants of current concern remains unknown. In this study, 21 amine antioxidants, 18 macromolecular hindered phenol 3 organophosphite and 2 p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) were integrated into a dedicated screening human milk from South China. Among all 42 target AOs, 19 detected, but no PPD-Qs detected any the samples. Eight including N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), frequently more than half The summed concentrations detectable AOs ranged 133 7,560 pg/mL, with median 713 pg/mL. Significant correlations observed among antioxidants. preliminary risk assessment revealed that under high scenario, overall daily intake identified through breastfeeding might pose non-negligible health newborns. This study is first attempt comprehensively identify wide range prevalent milk. findings call for urgent infant widely used less well evaluated chemicals possible increased accumulative future.

Язык: Английский

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Tissue Accumulation and Biotransformation of 6PPD-Quinone in Adult Zebrafish and Its Effects on the Intestinal Microbial Community

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(23), С. 10275 - 10286

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

The pronounced lethality of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone or 6PPDQ) toward specific salmonids, while sparing other fish species, has received considerable attention. However, the underlying cause this species-specific toxicity remains unresolved. This study explored 6PPDQ toxicokinetics and intestinal microbiota composition in adult zebrafish during a 14-day exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations, followed by 7-day recovery phase. Predominant accumulation occurred brain, intestine, eyes, with lowest levels liver. Six metabolites were found undergo hydroxylation, two additionally undergoing O-sulfonation. Semiquantitative analyses revealed that predominant metabolite featured hydroxy group situated on phenyl ring adjacent quinone. was further validated assessing enzyme activity determining silico binding interactions. Notably, affinity between phase I II enzymes exceeded corresponding coho salmon 1.04–1.53 times, suggesting higher potential for detoxification tolerant species. Whole-genome sequencing significant increases genera Nocardioides Rhodococcus after 6PPDQ. Functional annotation pathway enrichment predicted these would be responsible biodegradation metabolism xenobiotics. These findings offer crucial data comprehending 6PPDQ-induced toxicity.

Язык: Английский

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Potential human health risk of the emerging environmental contaminant 6-PPD quinone

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 949, С. 175057 - 175057

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Prediction of p-phenylenediamine antioxidant concentrations in human urine using machine learning models

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 487, С. 137184 - 137184

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Environmental fate of tire-rubber related pollutants 6PPD and 6PPD-Q: A review

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 258, С. 119492 - 119492

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 948, С. 174449 - 174449

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Photochemical Formation of Trifluoroacetic Acid: Mechanistic Insights into a Fluoxetine-Related Aryl-CF₃ Compound

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant; however, its sources are poorly constrained. One understudied source from the photochemical reactions of aromatic compounds containing -CF

Язык: Английский

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Mass Spectrometry Imaging Unveils the Metabolic Effect of 6PPD-Quinone in Exposed Mice

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) has gained widespread attention as an emerging significant environmental contaminant, but its biochemical toxicity in mammals remains inadequately explored. In this study, the systemic toxicological effects of 6PPD-Q mouse models exposed to both high and low doses were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) was applied evaluate on major organs, including liver, kidneys, spleen, testes. Notably, caused similar multiorgan metabolic disturbances, with changes antioxidant levels, highlighting oxidative stress a key factor 6PPD-Q-induced damage. Further results revealed that disrupts critical pathways, glutathione metabolism, ascorbic acid energy amino which are associated stress, immune dysfunction, disruptions kidney testis. This study provides important insights into mechanisms underscores need for further research assess potential health risks, could guide future policies human risk assessments.

Язык: Английский

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