Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota–gut–brain axis

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(4), С. 222 - 247

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health disease, the microbiota is a key player communication these two distant organs. Yet, mechanisms through which influences development function of gut–brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis different compartments across this axis. These barriers include epithelial barrier, blood–brain barrier blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. ideally positioned to receive communicate microbial signals constituting gateway for gut–microbiota–brain communication. In Review, we focus on how modulation by can constitute an important channel Moreover, malfunction upon alterations composition could form basis various conditions, including often comorbid neurological gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, should unravelling molecular move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding barriers, especially during critical windows development, be aetiology The modulator This Review provides overview examines role disease.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics

Acta Biomaterialia, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 180, С. 18 - 45

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring bioactive membrane-bound nanoparticles released by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, exhibiting a multifaceted role in mediating host-microbe interactions across various physiological conditions. Increasing evidence supports BEVs as essential mediators of cell-to-cell communicaiton, influencing pathogenicity, disease mechanisms, modulating the host immune response. However, extent to which these BEV-mediated actions can be leveraged predict onset, guide treatment strategies, determine clinical outcomes remains uncertain, particularly terms their translation potentials. This review briefly describes BEV biogenesis internalisation recipient cells summarises methods for isolation characterization, understanding composition cargo. Further, it discusses potential biofluid-associated biomarkers diseases, spanning cancer non-cancerous Following this, we outline ongoing human trials using vaccine development. In addition diagnostics, this explores emerging research natural or engineered smart nanomaterials applications anti-cancer therapy bone regeneration. discussion extends key factors unlocking BEVs, such standardization characterisation, well other hurdles translating findings setting. We propose that addressing through collaborative efforts well-designed holds fully harnessing BEVs. As field advances, suggests BEV-based nanomedicine has revolutionize management, paving way innovative diagnosis, therapeutics, personalized medicine approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular (EVs) from bacteria serve multifunctional biomaterials fields biomedicine, bioengineering, biomaterials. majority current studies focus on host-derived EVs, leaving gap comprehensive bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs). Although offer an attractive option drug delivery systems, unique nanostructure easy-to-modify functions make them method diagnosis Our work among pioneering investigating nanobiomaterials plays crucial development diseases therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the Wonders of Bacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: From Fundamental Functions to Beneficial Applications

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(4), С. e42509 - e42509

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

:Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are critical mediators of intercellular communication and exhibit significant potential across various biomedical domains. These nano-sized, membrane-encapsulated entities have captured substantial interest due to their diverse roles in pathogenesis promising therapeutic applications. EVs manage numerous physiological processes by transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, between cells. This review delves into the factors influencing properties EVs, such as temperature stress conditions, which collectively influence size, composition, functional attributes. We also describe emerging emphasizing involvement microbial interactions, immune modulation, antimicrobial resistance spread innovative diagnostic instruments. Despite applications, advancement EV-based therapies faces several challenges, will be discussed. By elucidating these elements, we aim provide a comprehensive overview transformative revolutionizing diagnostics therapeutics medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Bridging gap in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease via postbiotics: Current practices and future prospects

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102689 - 102689

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles in patients with solid tumours

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Gut microbiome–derived nanoparticles, known as bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs), have garnered interest promising tools for studying the link between gut microbiome and human health. The diverse composition of bEVs, including their proteins, mRNAs, metabolites, lipids, makes them useful investigating diseases such cancer. However, conventional approaches alone may not be accurate in deciphering host–gut communication. In clinical research, there is a gap knowledge on role bEVs solid tumor patients. Analyzing functionality using (meta)genomics proteomics could highlight unique aspects interactions Therefore, we performed comparative analysis proteome microbiota microbiome-derived isolated from patients with tumors healthy controls. After isolating feces controls, spectrometry proteomes next-generation sequencing (NGS) 16S gene. We also investigated microbiomes controls machine learning to classify samples into based fecal microbiomes. Solid showed decreased richness diversity both feces. bEV were more than enriched proteins associated metabolism amino acids carbohydrates, nucleotide binding, oxidoreductase activity. Metadata classification was (100%) compared (93%). Our findings suggest that are functional entities. There need explore together cancer research decipher potential diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers.

Язык: Английский

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Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Vital contributors to physiology from bacteria to host

Microbiological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 284, С. 127733 - 127733

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Rapid Biodistribution of Fluorescent Outer-Membrane Vesicles from the Intestine to Distant Organs via the Blood in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 1821 - 1821

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

A cell's ability to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) for communication is present in all three domains of life. Notably, Gram-negative bacteria produce a specific type EVs called outer membrane (OMVs). We previously observed the presence OMVs human blood, which could represent means from microbiota host. Here, order investigate possible translocation intestine other organs, mouse was used as an animal model after administration. To achieve this, we first optimized signal containing fluorescent protein miRFP713 associated with anchoring peptide OmpA by adding biliverdin, fluorescence cofactor, cultures. The miRFP713-expressing produced E. coli REL606 strain were then characterized according their diameter and composition. Native- found homogenous populations vesicles. Finally, vivo ex imaging monitor distribution miRFP713-OMVs mice various organs whether intravenous injection or oral gavage. relative stability signals up 3 days post-injection/gavage paves way future studies investigating OMV-based established between different microbiotas

Язык: Английский

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Bacterial membrane vesicles: orchestrators of interkingdom interactions in microbial communities for environmental adaptation and pathogenic dynamics

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) have attracted increasing attention due to their significant roles in bacterial physiology and pathogenic processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance current research status MVs regulating processes, as well crucial environmental adaptation infections. We describe formation mechanism, composition, structure, functions MVs, discuss various Additionally, analyze limitations challenges MV-related prospect potential applications adaptation, mechanisms, novel therapeutic strategies. This review emphasizes significance understanding studying for development new insights into Overall, contributes our intricate interplay between bacteria environment provides valuable strategies targeting pathogenicity.

Язык: Английский

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Postbiotics as Molecules Targeting Cellular Events of Aging Brain—The Role in Pathogenesis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(14), С. 2244 - 2244

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Aging is the most prominent risk factor for neurodegeneration occurrence. The common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases, are characterized by incidence of proteinopathy, abnormal activation glial cells, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy cellular senescence excessive patient’s age. Moreover, mitochondrial disfunction, epigenetic alterations neurogenesis inhibition, together with increased blood–brain barrier permeability gut dysbiosis, have been linked to ND pathogenesis. Since NDs still lack curative treatment, recent research has sought therapeutic options in restoring microbiota supplementing probiotic bacteria-derived metabolites beneficial action host—so called postbiotics. current review focuses on literature explaining mechanisms involved pathogenesis addressing impact that postbiotics as a whole mixture particular metabolites, such short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, polyamines, polyphenols, tryptophan exopolysaccharides bacterial extracellular vesicles, ageing-associated processes underlying also discusses issue implementing into prophylaxis therapy, depicting them compounds senescence-triggered dysfunctions worth translating from bench pharmaceutical market response “silver consumers” demands.

Язык: Английский

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Real-world of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in mitigation of acute experimental colitis

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Probiotics have been proposed as a potential strategy for managing ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the underlying mechanisms mediating microbiota-host crosstalk remain largely elusive. Here, we report that Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), probiotic, secretes cytoplasmic membrane vesicles (CMVs) communicate with host cells, alter physiology, and alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. First, L. reuteri-CMVs selectively promoted proliferation of beneficial bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) by upregulating expression glycosidases (beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase) involved in glycan degradation metabolic pathways restored disrupted gut microbiota balance. Second, were taken up intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), elevated ZO-1, E-cadherin (Cdh1), Occludin (Ocln), decreased permeability, exerted protective effects on tight junction functionality. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated repaired barrier activating HIF-1 signaling pathway HMOX1 expression. Third, increased population double positive (DP) CD4+CD8+ T layer, suppressing inflammation maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Finally, exhibited satisfactory stability safety gastrointestinal tract specifically targeted desired sites mice. Collectively, these findings shed light how interact colitis, provide new insights into strategies alleviating

Язык: Английский

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