The
Minisci
alkylation
of
N-heteroarenes
with
unactivated
alkanes
under
external
oxidant-free
conditions
provides
an
economically
attractive
route
to
access
alkylated
but
remains
underdeveloped.
Herein,
a
new
electrophotocatalytic
strategy
alkyl
radicals
from
strong
C(sp3
)-H
bonds
was
reported
for
the
following
reactions
in
absence
chemical
oxidants.
This
realized
first
example
cerium-catalyzed
reaction
directly
abundant
excellent
atom
economy.
It
is
anticipated
that
general
design
principle
would
enrich
catalytic
strategies
explore
functionalizations
H2
evolution.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
62(24)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023
Due
to
the
intrinsic
inertness
of
alkanes,
strong
oxidative
conditions
are
typically
required
enable
their
C(sp3
)-H
functionalization.
Herein,
a
paired
electrocatalysis
strategy
was
developed
by
integrating
catalysis
with
reductive
in
one
cell
without
interference,
which
earth-abundant
iron
and
nickel
employed
as
anodic
cathodic
catalysts,
respectively.
This
approach
lowers
previously
high
oxidation
potential
for
alkane
activation,
enabling
electrochemical
functionalization
at
ultra-low
≈0.25
V
vs.
Ag/AgCl
under
mild
conditions.
Structurally
diverse
alkenes,
including
challenging
all-carbon
tetrasubstituted
olefins,
can
be
accessed
using
readily
available
alkenyl
electrophiles.
Organic Process Research & Development,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(2), С. 338 - 366
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024
This
review
summarizes
examples
of
organic
electrosynthesis
from
the
peer-reviewed
literature
2000
to
2023
that
have
been
conducted
on
scales
20
g
or
above.
A
significant
portion
these
were
a
≤100
scale,
while
detailed
reports
kilogram-scale
remain
scarce
in
pharmaceutical
industry.
In
addition
chemical
transformation,
this
also
highlights
type
reactor
used
and
projected
productivity
metric
as
ways
compare
different
reports.
The
selected
scale-ups
described
herein
illustrate
remaining
challenges
currently
preventing
routine
use
large-scale
Chinese Journal of Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
42(16), С. 1913 - 1928
Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024
Comprehensive
Summary
Organic
fluorine
compounds
are
ubiquitous
and
pivotally
important
organic
molecules,
yet
their
activation
transformation
have
long
been
a
formidable
challenge
due
to
the
high
energy
low
reactivity
of
C—F
bonds.
electrosynthesis,
an
environmentally
benign
synthetic
method
in
chemistry,
enables
myriad
chemical
transformations
without
need
for
external
redox
reagents.
In
recent
years,
electrochemistry
has
emerged
as
powerful
tool
achieving
bonds
fluorine‐containing
compounds.
This
review
aims
succinctly
recapitulate
latest
advancements
electrochemical
defluorinative
delve
into
reaction
design,
mechanistic
insights,
developmental
prospects
these
methods.
Key
Scientists
1959,
Lund
was
first
pioneer
electroreduction
CF
3
CH
group.
Electrochemistry
lately
provided
new
opportunities
efficient
conversion
fluorides.
2020,
Zhou
coworkers
discovered
carboxylation
α‐CF
alkenes.
Lambert
colleagues
reported
electrophotocatalytic
amination
aryl
Electrochemical
hydrodefluorination
trifluoromethylketones
developed
by
Lennox
2021.
same
year,
Wang
Guo
disclosed
radical
alkylation
alkenes
with
Katritzky
salts
alkyl
precursors.
Subsequently,
Wu
Liao
described
transition‐metal‐free,
site‐selective
arylation
polyfluoroarenes
(het)arenes
using
paired
electrophotocatalysis.
2023,
numerous
efforts
were
made
achieve
bond
activation.
Xia
organoboron‐controlled
chemoselective
sequential
(deutero)hydrodefluorination
trifluoroacetamides.
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Abstract
Chlorinated
polymers
have
made
enormous
contributions
to
materials
science
and
are
commercially
produced
on
a
large
scale.
These
chlorinated
could
be
recycled
as
chlorine
sources
efficiently
produce
valuable
compounds
owing
their
facile
release
of
HCl.
Although
the
thermal
stability
PVDC
is
low
compared
PVC,
this
can
advantageous
in
terms
easy
fast
dehydrochlorination.
Herein,
we
report
an
efficient
electrochemical
chlorination
using
poly(vinylidene
chloride)
(PVDC)
source
that
works
undivided
cell
applies
good
number
examples.
This
method
commodity
such
waste
PVDC‐PVC
pharma
blister
film,
PVDC‐PO
multilayer
food
packaging,
compression
molded
sheets
Ixan
(with
heat
stabilizer)
with
similar
efficiency.
Furthermore,
also
provides
dechlorination
up
98
%,
leading
unsaturated
dechlorinated
material.
Converting
into
more
stable
compounds,
harmful
chlorine‐containing
gases
during
incineration
minimized.
Additionally,
not
only
restricted
batch
processes
but
electroflow
process
for
electrosynthesis
has
been
demonstrated.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
143(19), С. 7247 - 7252
Опубликована: Май 5, 2021
A
method
for
the
acetoxyhydroxylation
of
olefins
with
syn
stereoselectivity
under
electrophotocatalytic
conditions
is
described.
The
procedure
uses
a
trisaminocyclopropenium
(TAC)
ion
catalyst
visible
light
irradiation
controlled
electrochemical
potential
to
convert
aryl
corresponding
glycol
monoesters
high
chemo-
and
diastereoselectivity.
This
reaction
can
be
performed
in
batch
or
flow,
enabling
multigram
synthesis
monoester
products.
The Chemical Record,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
21(9), С. 2306 - 2319
Опубликована: Март 18, 2021
Abstract
Organic
radicals
are
versatile
synthetic
intermediates
that
provide
reactivities
and
selectivities
complementary
to
ionic
species.
Despite
its
long
history,
electrochemically
driven
radical
reactions
remain
limited
in
scope.
In
the
past
few
years,
there
have
been
dramatic
increase
research
activity
organic
electrochemistry.
We
developing
electrochemical
electrophotocatalytic
methods
for
generation
utilization
of
radicals.
our
studies,
various
species
such
as
alkene
arene
cations
carbon‐
heteroatom‐centered
generated
from
readily
available
precursors
through
direct
electrolysis,
molecular
electrocatalysis
or
electrophotocatalysis.
These
undergo
inter‐
intramolecular
oxidative
transformations
rapidly
complexity.
The
simultaneous
occurrence
anodic
oxidation
cathodic
proton
reduction
allows
proceed
H
2
evolution
without
external
chemical
oxidants.
