Zwitterionic fused pyrazolo-triazole based high performing energetic materials

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(12), С. 1646 - 1649

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A series of nitrogen-rich fused energetic materials were synthesized from commercially available inexpensive starting and fully characterized using 1 H 13 C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, DSC.

Язык: Английский

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Promising Thermally Stable Energetic Materials with the Combination of Pyrazole–1,3,4-Oxadiazole and Pyrazole–1,2,4-Triazole Backbones: Facile Synthesis and Energetic Performance

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(44), С. 49898 - 49908

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

Thermally stable energetic materials have broad applications in the deep mining, oil and natural exploration, aerospace industries. The quest for thermally (heat-resistant) with high energy output low sensitivity has fascinated many researchers worldwide. In this study, two different series of salts based on pyrazole–oxadiazole pyrazole–triazole (3–23) explosophoric groups been synthesized a simple straightforward manner. All newly compounds were fully characterized by IR, ESI-MS, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry measurements. structures 3, 7, 22 supported single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. density, heat formation, properties (detonation velocity detonation pressure) all range between 1.75 1.94 g cm–3, 0.73 to 2.44 kJ g–1, 7689 9139 m s–1, 23.3 31.5 GPa, respectively. are insensitive impact (>30 J) friction (>360 N). addition, 4, 6, 10, 14, 17, 21, 22, 23 show onset decomposition temperature (Td 238 397 °C) than benchmark RDX = 210 °C), HMX (279 HNS (318 °C). It is noteworthy that backbones greatly influence their physicochemical properties. Overall, study offers perspective nitrogen-rich explores relationship structure performance.

Язык: Английский

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High-performing, insensitive and thermally stable energetic materials from zwitterionicgem-dinitromethyl substituted C–C bonded 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(29), С. 4324 - 4327

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

A series of gem-dinitromethyl substituted zwitterionic C-C bonded azole based energetic materials (3-8) were designed, synthesized, and characterized through NMR, IR, EA, DSC studies. Further, the structure 5 was confirmed with SCXRD those 6 8 15N NMR. All newly synthesized molecules exhibited higher density, good thermal stability, excellent detonation performance, low mechanical sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact friction. Among all, compounds 7 may serve ideal secondary high energy density due their remarkable decomposition (200 °C 186 °C), insensitivity (>30 J), velocity (9248 m s-1 8861 s-1) pressure (32.7 GPa 32.1 GPa). Additionally, melting temperatures 3 (Tm = 92 °C, Td 242 °C) indicate that it can be used a melt-cast explosive. The novelty, synthetic feasibility, performance all suggest they potential explosives in defence civilian fields.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Progress on Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials Based on Tetrazole Skeleton

Topics in Current Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(5)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing Conjugation Effect to Develop Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials with Higher Energy and Stability

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8), С. 10211 - 10217

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

This work reports a strategy by enhancing conjugation effect and synthesizes symmetrical planar compound, 1,2-bis (4,5-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)diazene (NL24). The incorporation of azo 1,2,3-triazole moieties manifests synergistic effect, amplifying the bridge thereby elevating stability NL24 (Td: 263 °C, IS: 7 J). Notably, NL24, possessing structural configuration comprising four tetrazoles harboring total 24 nitrogen atoms, exhibits excellent detonation performances (ΔHf: 6.06 kJ g–1, VD: 9002 m s–1). achieves balance energy polycyclic provides direction for high-performance energetic materials.

Язык: Английский

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Single Step Synthesis of gem-Dinitro Methyl-1,2,4-triazole and Its Hydroxylamine Salt: An Alternative to the FOX-7 and Other Benchmark Explosives

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(22), С. 4788 - 4792

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

gem-Dinitro methyl based high-energy-density material 5-(dinitromethylene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (2) and its hydroxylamine salt (4) were synthesized for the first time in a single step characterized. Further, structure of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. Interestengly, both compounds show excellent density (> 1.83 g cm-3), detonation velocity 8700 m s–1), pressure 30 GPa) are insensitive toward mechanical stimuli such as impact friction sensitivity. Considering their synthetic fesibility balanced energetic performance, 4 future prospects potential next-generation materials replacenent many presently used benchmark high energy RDX, FOX-7 highly H-FOX.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis of Advanced Pyrazole and N–N-Bridged Bistriazole-Based Secondary High-Energy Materials

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(48), С. 8606 - 8610

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

In this work, we have synthesized 3,5-dihydrazinyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (2), 9-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,2-c:5,1-c']bis([1,2,4]triazole)-3,6-diamine (3), and N-N-bonded N,N'-{[4,4'-bi(1,2,4-triazole)]-3,3'-diyl}dinitramide (5) its stable nitrogen-rich energetic salts in one two steps quantitative yields from commercially available inexpensive starting material 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (1). Along with characterization via nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis, the structures of 2 4-8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, 5-8 show excellent thermal stability (242, 221, 250, 242 °C, respectively) compared to that RDX (210 °C). Detonation velocities 2, 4, 6, 7 range 8992 9069 m s-1, which are better than (8878 s-1) close HMX (9221 s-1). All these compounds insensitive impact (10-35 J) friction (360 N) sensitivity. These performances, stabilities, synthetic feasibilities make promising candidates as secondary explosives potential replacements for presently used benchmark HMX.

Язык: Английский

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Mixed-Metallic Energetic Metal–Organic Framework: New Structure Motif for Potential Heat-Resistant Energetic Materials

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(5), С. 2142 - 2148

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

The incessant pursuit of heat-resistant explosives with balanced energetic performance and safety is indispensable in civil military sectors, particularly when employed harsh environments. Herein, a new nanostructured highly metal–organic framework (E-MOF), based on nickel(II) sodium(I) mixed-metal has been constructed using an poly tetrazole molecule by the hydrothermal approach. Na/Ni-MOF was thoroughly characterized infrared radiation (IR), thermogravimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction analyses. Further, crystal structure authenticated single analysis, their packing features were well explored, revealing wave-like 3D having density 1.985 g cm–3. This mixed-metallic E-MOF demonstrated good enthalpy combustion (−7.91 kJ·g–1), velocity detonation (VOD = 7410 m s–1) exceeding that trinitrotoluene (TNT, 6820 m/s) Hexanitrostilbene (HNS, 7164 m/s), excellent insensitivity [impact sensitivity (IS) > 40 J friction (FS) 360 N]. Additionally, it exhibits outstanding thermal stability (Td 387 °C). These fine-tuned properties are superior to those continuously used benchmark HNS 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, suggesting newly reported tetrazole-based beneficial for improved physical performance. results given present work highlighted advantages as potential explosive future applications.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis, characterization, testing, and detonation performance studies of fused pyrazole-based fluorescent energetic materials

Materials Chemistry and Physics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 301, С. 127678 - 127678

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Poly Tetrazole Containing Thermally Stable and Insensitive Alkali Metal-Based 3D Energetic Metal–Organic Frameworks

Inorganic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(21), С. 8389 - 8396

Опубликована: Май 16, 2023

Poly tetrazole-containing thermally stable and insensitive alkali metal-based 3D energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) are promising high energy density materials to balance the sensitivity, stability, detonation performance of explosives in defense, space, civilian applications. Herein, self-assembly L3- ligand with metals Na(I) K(I) was prepared at ambient conditions, introducing two new EMOFs, [Na3(L)3(H2O)6]n (1) [K3(L)3(H2O)3]n (2). Single crystal analysis reveals that Na-MOF exhibited a wave-like supramolecular structure significant hydrogen bonding among layers, while K-MOF (2) also featured framework. Both EMOFs were thoroughly characterized by NMR, IR, PXRD, TGA/DSC analyses. Compounds 1 2 show excellent thermal decomposition Td = 344 337 °C, respectively, compared presently used benchmark RDX (210 °C), HMX (279 HNS (318 which is attributed structural reinforcement induced extensive coordination. They remarkable (VOD 8500 m s-1, 7320 DP 26.74 GPa, 20 GPa for 2, respectively) insensitivity toward impact friction (IS ≥ 40 J, FS 360 N 1; IS 2). Their synthetic feasibility suggest they perfect blend replacement present such as HNS, RDX, HMX.

Язык: Английский

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