Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(11), С. 1615 - 1615

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2023

Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, saving countless lives since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, origin of antibiotics is now overshadowed by alarming rise antibiotic resistance. This global crisis stems from relentless adaptability microorganisms, driven misuse and overuse antibiotics. article explores subsequent emergence It delves into mechanisms employed bacteria to develop resistance, highlighting dire consequences drug including compromised patient care, increased mortality rates, escalating healthcare costs. The elucidates latest strategies against drug-resistant encompassing innovative approaches such as phage therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, exploration natural compounds. Moreover, it examines profound impact resistance on development, rendering pursuit new economically challenging. limitations challenges developing novel are discussed, along with hurdles regulatory process that hinder progress this critical field. Proposals for modifying facilitate development presented. withdrawal major pharmaceutical firms research examined, potential re-engage interest. also outlines initiatives overcome economic incentivize emphasizing international collaborations partnerships. Finally, sheds light government-led a specific focus Middle East. discusses proactive measures taken governments region, Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates, combat threat. In face multifaceted approach imperative. provides valuable insights complex landscape challenges, collaborative efforts required ensure future where remain effective tools safeguarding public health.

Язык: Английский

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A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

The dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. This review provides comprehensive update on the diverse mechanisms employed by E. developing antibiotics. We primarily focus pathotypes (e.g., uropathogenic ) and investigate genetic determinants molecular pathways that confer resistance, shedding light both well-characterized recently discovered mechanisms. most prevalent mechanism continues be acquisition genes through horizontal gene transfer, facilitated mobile elements such as plasmids transposons. discuss role extended-spectrum β -lactamases (ESBLs) carbapenemases conferring -lactam antibiotics, which remain vital clinical practice. covers key resistant mechanisms, including: 1) Efflux pumps porin mutations mediate broad spectrum including fluoroquinolones aminoglycosides; 2) adaptive strategies , biofilm formation, persister cell activation stress response systems, withstand pressure; 3) regulatory systems coordinating providing insights into potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Understanding intricate network is crucial development effective combat this growing crisis. By clarifying these we aim pave way design innovative approaches implementation prudent stewardship practices preserve efficacy current antibiotics ensure sustainable future healthcare.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2655 - 2655

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2024

One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global highly synchronized way is communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS cell-to-cell process that depends on population density mediated by small signalling molecules autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, controls biofilm formation through regulation gene expression involved extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance metabolic adaptation. Forming one antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature human pathogens ability form biofilm, which poses serious medical issue due their high susceptibility traditional antibiotics. Because associated with formation, there belief inhibition activity quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress research, focusing biofilms, especially those formed pathogenic become resistant antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, potential approach highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies control AMR bacteria has been discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Innovative ceramic solutions: Boosting antibacterial power of DD30.85Mg0.15O for environmental applications

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 114046 - 114046

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive review on latent role of stress proteins in antibiotic resistance

The Microbe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4, С. 100151 - 100151

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Probiotic Potential of Bacteroides spp. Within One Health Paradigm

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024

Abstract Probiotics are pivotal in maintaining or restoring the balance of human intestinal microbiota, a crucial factor mitigating diseases and preserving host’s health. Exploration into Bacteroides spp. reveals substantial promise their development as next-generation probiotics due to profound interaction with host immune cells capability regulate microbiome’s metabolism by significantly impacting metabolite production. These beneficial bacteria exhibit potential ameliorating various health issues such disorders, cardiovascular diseases, behavioral even cancer. Though it’s important note that high percentage them well opportunistic pathogens, posing risks under certain conditions. Studies highlight role modifying responses improving conditions regulating lymphocytes, controlling metabolism, preventing inflammation The safety efficacy strains currently scrutiny European Commission for authorization food processing, marking significant step towards commercialization. recent advancements bacterial isolation sequencing methodologies, coupled integration Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs) binning from metagenomics data, continue unveil spp., aiding broader understanding application these novel disease management.

Язык: Английский

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Frontiers in superbug management: innovating approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance

Archives of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 207(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Crisis averted: a world united against the menace of multiple drug-resistant superbugs -pioneering anti-AMR vaccines, RNA interference, nanomedicine, CRISPR-based antimicrobials, bacteriophage therapies, and clinical artificial intelligence strategies to safeguard global antimicrobial arsenal

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

The efficacy of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in combating bacterial infections faces a grave peril the form resistance (AMR), an exceedingly pressing global health issue. emergence dissemination drug-resistant bacteria can be attributed to rampant overuse misuse antibiotics, leading dire consequences such as organ failure sepsis. Beyond realm individual health, pervasive specter AMR casts its ominous shadow upon economy society at large, resulting protracted hospital stays, elevated medical expenditures, diminished productivity, with particularly for vulnerable populations. It is abundantly clear that addressing this threat necessitates concerted international endeavor encompassing optimization antibiotic deployment, pursuit novel compounds therapeutic strategies, enhancement surveillance monitoring resistant strains, assurance universal access efficacious treatments. In ongoing struggle against encroaching menace, phage-based therapies, strategically tailored combat AMR, offer formidable line defense. Furthermore, alluring pathway forward development vaccines lies utilization virus-like particles (VLPs), which have demonstrated their remarkable capacity elicit robust immune response infections. VLP-based vaccinations, characterized by absence genetic material non-infectious nature, present markedly safer more stable alternative conventional immunization protocols. Encouragingly, preclinical investigations yielded promising results VLP targeting pivotal implicated crisis, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile. Notwithstanding undeniable potential vaccines, challenges persist, identification suitable markers vaccination prospect pathogens evolving mechanisms thwart response. Nonetheless, holds great promise relentless fight underscoring need sustained research endeavors. quest marshal potent defenses pave way visionary innovations, cutting-edge techniques incorporate RNA interference, nanomedicine, integration artificial intelligence are currently under rigorous scrutiny.

Язык: Английский

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Bacterial Persister Cells and Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Chronic Infections: An Update

British Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 81

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024

The global issue of antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges to public health. World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted it as a major health threat, causing an estimated 700,000 deaths worldwide. Understanding the multifaceted nature antibiotic is crucial for developing effective strategies. Several physiological and biochemical mechanisms are involved in development resistance. Bacterial cells may escape bactericidal actions drugs by entering physiologically dormant state known bacterial persistence. Recent findings this field suggest that persistence can be one main sources chronic infections. tolerance developed persister could tolerate high levels antibiotics give rise offspring. These offspring attributed mechanisms, especially This review attempts shed light on persister-induced current therapeutic

Язык: Английский

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Phage-induced efflux down-regulation boosts antibiotic efficacy

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(6), С. e1012361 - e1012361

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

The interactions between a virus and its host vary in space time are affected by the presence of molecules that alter physiology either or virus. Determining molecular mechanisms at basis these is paramount for predicting fate bacterial phage populations designing rational phage-antibiotic therapies. We study stationary phase Burkholderia thailandensis ΦBp-AMP1. Although heterogeneous genetic resistance to rapidly emerges B. , enhances efficacy three major antibiotic classes, quinolones, beta-lactams tetracyclines, but antagonizes tetrahydrofolate synthesis inhibitors. discovered enhanced facilitated reduced efflux phage. This new therapy allows eradication bacteria, whilst requiring concentrations, which crucial treating infections sites where it difficult achieve high concentrations.

Язык: Английский

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