A learning theory of attachment: Unraveling the black box of attachment development

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 113, С. 287 - 298

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2020

Attachment is an inborn behavioral system that biologically driven and essential for survival. During child development, individual differences in (in)secure attachment emerge. The development of different behaviors has been traditionally explained as a process during which experiences with (lack of) responsive supportive care are internalized into working models attachment. However, this idea criticized being vague even untestable. With the aim unraveling black box, we propose to integrate evidence from conditioning research theory formulate Learning Theory Attachment. In review, explain how security at least partly follows principles classical operant conditioning. We combine observed associations between neurocognitive endocrinological (cortisol, oxytocin, dopamine) processes insights dynamics This may contribute explanation empirical observations insufficiently accounted by traditional theory.

Язык: Английский

---

The Triple P System of Evidence-Based Parenting Support: Past, Present, and Future Directions

Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(4), С. 880 - 903

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Abstract Triple P is an integrated, multi-level system of evidence-based parenting support designed to promote the well-being children and families reduce prevalence rates social, emotional, behavioral problems in adolescents prevent child maltreatment. The developed gradually over four decades address complex needs parents from diverse family, socioeconomic cultural backgrounds. It blends universal targeted programs, a focus on developing parental self-regulation capabilities, adopts life span perspective with population health framework. used as case example discuss past, present future challenges, opportunities involved developing, evaluating, adapting, scaling maintaining sustainable intervention. Seven stages program development are outlined initial theory building core through sustained deployment intervention delivered at scale. importance ongoing research evaluation highlighted so that different programs within evolve adapt contemporary concerns priorities contexts. A well-trained workforce essential deliver need-responsive manner both fidelity delivery flexibility tailored respond individual local context. Programs need be gender-sensitive, culturally informed, attuned context including relevant policies, resources, factors, funding, availability their capacity implement programs.

Язык: Английский

---

Attachment- and Emotion-Focused Parenting Interventions for Child and Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(4), С. 754 - 773

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

Attachment- and emotion-focused parenting interventions (AE) have grown in popularity as an alternative to behavioral parent training (BPT) for children adolescents. AE go beneath behavior by helping parents understand respond their child's underlying attachment emotional needs. Past reviews examined effects on security caregiver sensitivity, though less is known regarding child mental health symptoms. Reported here the first systematic review meta-analysis of individual group externalizing (EXT) internalizing (INT) aged 0-18 years. A search four databases prior July 2021 elicited 43 studies that met eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis revealed were superior waitlist controls EXT (SMD = - 0.17) INT 0.34). Effects sustained at follow-up periods 6 months greater, considered target significantly more effective than those did not reducing INT. Two retrieved directly compared BPT, which showed no evidence a difference measures EXT. No BPT demonstrated superiority health. Findings support potential reduce adolescents; however, future research should consider relative effectiveness AE.

Язык: Английский

---

The role of harsh parenting practices in early‐ to middle‐childhood socioemotional development: An examination in the Millennium Cohort Study

Child Development, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 93(5), С. 1304 - 1317

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Abstract Patterson's coercion model describes a gradual escalation in maladaptive parent–child transactions whereby externalizing behaviors lead to increases parenting and vice versa. The current study investigates the role of (predominantly mother‐reported) harsh practices within‐person development conduct problems, hyperactive/inattentive behaviors, emotional problems. A random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel was fit across ages 3, 5, 7 ( N = 14,037, 49% female, 84% White) using UK population‐representative Millennium Cohort Study. Findings support model, providing evidence for reciprocal within‐family relations between child behaviors. They suggest importance addressing difficulties families where children present with socioemotional order help prevent accumulation additional issues.

Язык: Английский

---

How Parental Identity and Behaviors Contribute to the Well-being of Parents in an Ultra-Orthodox Society

Journal of Child and Family Studies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Abstract The Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) sector is religiously conservative, insular, strictly adheres to Judaism, and considers raising children a central value. This study broadens the research on this by examining how conservativeness, parental identity, parenting behaviors predict well-being. Parenting were assessed Pentagon Model (PPM), which includes five constructs that provide comprehensive picture of parenting: Partnership , Leadership Love, Independence Rules . Participants 355 Haredi parents (279 mothers, 76 fathers), who completed questionnaires addressing primary variables. reported being more conservative than open, having fairly strong optimal PPM, high levels A regression analysis showed child with disability, PPM all explained significant variance in greater understanding can lend insight into other sectors around world.

Язык: Английский

---

A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Introduction to the Special Issue

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 51(12), С. 1715 - 1723

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2023

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and other adversities in the home context beyond (e.g., witnessing domestic violence; parental mental illness; separation; living a disadvantaged neighborhood) are prevalent population often covary together. Research based on construct of ACEs has transformed field adult health, yet adolescent health been overlooked this work. This special issue Child Adolescent Psychopathology focuses developmental science psychopathology. The research presented here draws extensive evidence base that now exists regarding co-occurrence common adversities, while informing integration theory with psychopathology at large. Introduction provides an overview from perspective, emphasis key concepts recent progress spanning prenatal period through to adolescence intergenerational pathways. Models emphasize multi-dimensional nature adversity importance timing risk protective pathways, have played driving role progress. Methodological innovations work highlighted, along implications for prevention intervention.

Язык: Английский

---

Generation time-out grows up: young adults’ reports about childhood time-out use and their mental health, attachment, and emotion regulation

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(10), С. 3471 - 3479

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

Abstract Time-out (TO) is a widely utilised parental discipline technique with strong evidence-base that nonetheless has attracted controversy regarding potential adverse effects on mental health in developing children. Associations between TO implementation and outcomes have rarely been investigated, especially through the eyes of children who grew up experiencing TO. This study recruited 407 university students (Study 1) community sample 535 young adults 2); both samples aged 18–30 years. Young were surveyed their retrospective reports childhood experience, experiences adversity, perceived parenting style attachment, current (attachment style, emotion regulation health). In Study 1, 334 (82.1%) reported childhood, but varied differed considerably from its evidence-based ideal. Reports more appropriate associated less avoidant better health, regulation, over above authoritative secure attachment childhood. While exposure to adversity was poorer adulthood outcomes, did not moderate association. 2 replicated most findings except displayed positive association no associations anxious regulation. These suggest safety use children, including those experienced highlight importance disseminating sufficient information community.

Язык: Английский

---

A longitudinal study of the impact of parental discipline on wellbeing among primary school students in China: The roles of school attachment and growth mindset

Child Abuse & Neglect, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 124, С. 105435 - 105435

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Clinician Maladaptive Anxious Avoidance in the Context of Implementation of Evidence-Based Interventions: A Commentary

Frontiers in Health Services, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022

This paper posits that a clinician's own anxious reaction to delivering specific evidence-based interventions (EBIs) should be better accounted for within implementation science frameworks. A key next step is delineate the causal processes most likely influence successful of (EBIs). critical being able develop tailored strategies specifically target mechanisms by which succeeds or fails. First, we review literature on EBIs may act as negatively valenced stimuli clinicians, leading process clinician maladaptive avoidance can impact EBI delivery. In following sections, argue there are certain cause emotional distress discomfort in clinician, related either: (1) clinicians' fear real predicted short-term patients, (2) fears will inadvertently patient harm and/or face liability. experienced perpetuate cycle contributing lack suboptimal implementation. We illustrate how this providing several examples from psychosocial literature. To conclude, discuss leveraging decades treatment aimed at mitigating inform design more and effective valenced.

Язык: Английский

---

Socializing Children

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2021

Complaints are often made that recommendations about how to rear children contradictory and, therefore, not helpful. In this Element we survey the history of theory and research relevant childrearing in an attempt show apparent differences can be resolved. We suggest socialization occurs different domains, with each domain fostering a way. Thus there is no all-purpose principle or mechanism but, rather, forms relationship between child agent serve function, involve rules for effecting behavior change, facilitate outcomes. Using framework, including roles played by parents, siblings, peers process. follow discussion culture biology make their contribution understanding domains socialization.

Язык: Английский

---