From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites

Cell, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 165(6), С. 1332 - 1345

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7(1), С. 14 - 14

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2019

Each individual is provided with a unique gut microbiota profile that plays many specific functions in host nutrient metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity the mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Gut are composed different bacteria species taxonomically classified by genus, family, order, phyla. human's shaped early life as their composition depends on infant transitions (birth gestational date, type delivery, methods milk feeding, weaning period) external factors such antibiotic use. These personal healthy core native remain relatively stable adulthood but differ between individuals due to enterotypes, body mass index (BMI) level, exercise frequency, lifestyle, cultural dietary habits. Accordingly, there not optimal since it for each individual. However, host⁻microorganism balance must be respected order optimally perform metabolic immune prevent disease development. This review will provide an overview studies focus balances same highlight close mutualistic relationship variations diseases. Indeed, dysbiosis associated only intestinal disorders also numerous extra-intestinal diseases neurological disorders. Understanding cause or consequence these health how maintain restore should useful developing promising therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 352(6285), С. 560 - 564

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2016

“Normal” for the gut microbiota For benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” microbiome, if exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. Zhernakova targeted general populations in Belgium Netherlands, respectively. Gut composition correlated with range factors including diet, use medication, red blood cell counts, chromogranin A, stool consistency. The data give some hints possible biomarkers normal communities. Science , this issue pp. 560 565

Язык: Английский

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Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism

Nature, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 535(7610), С. 56 - 64

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 23(6), С. 705 - 715

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The healthy human microbiome

Genome Medicine, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2016

Humans are virtually identical in their genetic makeup, yet the small differences our DNA give rise to tremendous phenotypic diversity across human population. By contrast, metagenome of microbiome—the total content microbes inhabiting bodies—is quite a bit more variable, with only third its constituent genes found majority healthy individuals. Understanding this variability “healthy microbiome” has thus been major challenge microbiome research, dating back at least 1960s, continuing through Human Microbiome Project and beyond. Cataloguing necessary sufficient sets features that support health, normal ranges these populations, is an essential first step identifying correcting microbial configurations implicated disease. Toward goal, several population-scale studies have documented both taxonomic compositions functional potentials normally observed microbiomes along possible driving factors such as geography, diet, lifestyle. Here, we review definitions ‘healthy microbiome’ emerged, current understanding diversity, gaps characterization molecular function development ecological therapies be addressed future.

Язык: Английский

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Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations

Nature, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 529(7585), С. 212 - 215

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(2), С. 172 - 184

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2017

The gastrointestinal microbiota has an important role in human health, and there is increasing interest utilizing dietary approaches to modulate the composition metabolic function of microbial communities that colonize tract improve prevent or treat disease. One strategy for modulating consumption fiber prebiotics can be metabolized by microbes tract. Human alimentary enzymes are not able digest most complex carbohydrates plant polysaccharides. Instead, these polysaccharides which generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, butyrate. This article reviews current knowledge impact prebiotic on microbiota, effects physiochemical properties carbohydrates, adequate intake treatment dosages, phenotypic responses related microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 16(1), С. 35 - 56

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2018

Язык: Английский

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High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome

Gut, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 65(11), С. 1812 - 1821

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2015

Objectives

Habitual diet plays a major role in shaping the composition of gut microbiota, and also determines repertoire microbial metabolites that can influence host. The typical Western corresponds to an omnivore; however, Mediterranean (MD), common culture, is date nutritionally recommended dietary pattern includes high-level consumption cereals, fruit, vegetables legumes. To investigate potential benefits MD this cross-sectional survey, we assessed microbiota metabolome cohort Italian individuals relation their habitual diets.

Design results

We retrieved daily information 153 habitually following omnivore, vegetarian or vegan majority subjects 30% omnivore had high adherence MD. were able stratify according both type on basis patterns associated microbiota. detected significant associations between vegetable-based diets increased levels faecal short-chain fatty acids, Prevotella some fibre-degrading Firmicutes, whose human warrants further research. Conversely, higher urinary trimethylamine oxide with lower

Conclusions

High-level plant foodstuffs consistent beneficial microbiome-related metabolomic profiles ostensibly consuming diet.

Trial registration number

This study was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT02118857.

Язык: Английский

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