Multiorganismal Insects: Diversity and Function of Resident Microorganisms

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 60(1), С. 17 - 34

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2014

All insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect exoskeleton, in gut and hemocoel, within cells. The microbiota is generally different from external environment, including ingested food. Specifically, certain microbial taxa favored conditions resources habitat, their tolerance of immunity, specific mechanisms for transmission. resident can promote fitness contributing to nutrition, especially providing essential amino acids, B vitamins, and, fungal partners, sterols. Some protect hosts against pathogens, parasitoids, other parasites synthesizing toxins or modifying immune system. Priorities future research include elucidation contributions detoxification, plant allelochemicals phytophagous insects, resistance pathogens; as well role among-insect communication; potential value manipulation control pests.

Язык: Английский

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Host Biology in Light of the Microbiome: Ten Principles of Holobionts and Hologenomes

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 13(8), С. e1002226 - e1002226

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2015

Groundbreaking research on the universality and diversity of microorganisms is now challenging life sciences to upgrade fundamental theories that once seemed untouchable. To fully appreciate change field undergoing, one has place epochs foundational principles Darwin, Mendel, modern synthesis in light current advances are enabling a new vision for central importance microbiology. Animals plants no longer heralded as autonomous entities but rather biomolecular networks composed host plus its associated microbes, i.e., "holobionts." As such, their collective genomes forge "hologenome," models animal plant biology do not account these intergenomic associations incomplete. Here, we integrate concepts into historical contemporary visions summarize predictive refutable framework evaluation. Specifically, present ten clarify append what not, explain how they both support extend existing theory sciences, discuss potential ramifications multifaceted approaches zoology botany. We anticipate conceptual evidence-based foundation provided this essay will serve roadmap hypothesis-driven, experimentally validated holobionts hologenomes, thereby catalyzing continued fusion biology's subdisciplines. At time when symbiotic microbes recognized all aspects biology, holobiont hologenome afford holistic view biological complexity consistent with generally reductionist biology.

Язык: Английский

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A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2017

After more than a century of active research, the notion that human fetal environment is sterile and neonate's microbiome acquired during after birth was an accepted dogma. However, recent studies using molecular techniques suggest bacterial communities in placenta, amniotic fluid, meconium from healthy pregnancies. These findings have led many scientists to challenge "sterile womb paradigm" propose acquisition instead begins utero, idea would fundamentally change our understanding gut microbiota its role development. In this review, we provide critical assessment evidence supporting these two opposing hypotheses, specifically as it relates (i) anatomical, immunological, physiological characteristics placenta fetus; (ii) research methods currently used study microbial populations intrauterine environment; (iii) fecal first days life; (iv) generation axenic animals humans. Based on analysis, argue support "in utero colonization hypothesis" extremely weak founded almost entirely approaches with insufficient detection limit "low-biomass" populations, lacked appropriate controls for contamination, failed viability. Most importantly, ability reliably derive via cesarean sections strongly supports sterility mammals. We conclude current scientific does not existence microbiomes within milieu, which has implications development clinical practices prevent perturbations establishment future priorities.

Язык: Английский

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Symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 109(22), С. 8618 - 8622

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2012

Development of insecticide resistance has been a serious concern worldwide, whose mechanisms have attributed to evolutionary changes in pest insect genomes such as alteration drug target sites, up-regulation degrading enzymes, and enhancement excretion. Here, we report previously unknown mechanism resistance: Infection with an insecticide-degrading bacterial symbiont immediately establishes insects. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris allied stinkbugs harbor mutualistic gut symbiotic bacteria the genus Burkholderia , which are acquired by nymphal insects from environmental soil every generation. In agricultural fields, fenitrothion-degrading Burkolderia strains present at very low densities. We demonstrated that establish specific beneficial symbiosis confer host against fenitrothion. Experimental applications fenitrothion field soils drastically enriched undetectable levels >80% total culturable counts soils, >90% reared established . Japanese island where constantly applied sugarcane identified stinkbug population wherein live on ≈8% them Our finding suggests possibility symbiont-mediated may develop even absence insects, quickly within single generation, potentially move around horizontally between different other organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Mom Knows Best: The Universality of Maternal Microbial Transmission

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 11(8), С. e1001631 - e1001631

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2013

The sterile womb paradigm is an enduring premise in biology that human infants are born sterile. Recent studies suggest incorporate initial microbiome before birth and receive copious supplementation of maternal microbes through breastfeeding. Moreover, evidence for microbial transmission increasingly widespread across animals. This collective knowledge compels a shift—one which advances from taxonomically specialized phenomenon to universal one It also engenders fresh views on the assembly microbiome, its role animal evolution, applications health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic insights into the marine sponge microbiome

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 10(9), С. 641 - 654

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2012

Язык: Английский

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Engineering Microbiomes to Improve Plant and Animal Health

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 23(10), С. 606 - 617

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(4), С. 70 - 70

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2017

Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior both below- and aboveground tissues. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted generation via seed. A better understanding bacterial endophyte transmission routes modes will benefit studies plant–endophyte interactions in agricultural natural ecosystems. In this review, we provide an overview take plants, including seeds pollen, soil, atmosphere, insects. We discuss well-documented understudied routes, identify gaps our knowledge on how reach plants. Where little is available endophytes, draw pathogens potential routes. Colonization roots soil best studied route, probably most important, although more aerial parts stomatal colonization needed, conclusively confirm vertical transfer. While transfer likely occurs, obligate strictly transferred symbioses unusual Instead, plants appear ability respond a changing by acquiring its microbiome anew over lifetime individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 31(7), С. 539 - 549

Опубликована: Март 31, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary transitions in bacterial symbiosis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 108(supplement_2), С. 10800 - 10807

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2011

Diverse bacterial lineages form beneficial infections with eukaryotic hosts. The origins, evolution, and breakdown of these mutualisms represent important evolutionary transitions. To examine key events, we synthesize data from diverse interactions between bacteria eukaryote Five transitions are investigated, including the origins associations eukaryotes, subsequent stable maintenance mutualism hosts, capture symbionts via evolution strict vertical transmission within host lineages, mutualism. Each has occurred many times in history bacterial-eukaryote symbiosis. We investigate events across domain also among a focal set well studied mutualist lineages. Subsequently, generate framework for examining symbiosis test hypotheses about selective, ecological, genomic forces that shape events.

Язык: Английский

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