The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 81(4)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2017

SUMMARY The human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during the host's entire life span. Microbes colonize neonatal immediately following birth. establishment and interactive development of this early are believed to be (at least partially) driven modulated by specific compounds present milk. It has been shown that certain genomes infant commensals, particular those bifidobacterial species, genetically adapted utilize glycans secretory fluid, thus representing a very intriguing example host-microbe coevolution, where both partners benefit. In recent years, various metagenomic studies have tried dissect composition functionality microbiome explore distribution across different ecological niches biogeography corresponding microbial consortia, including bacteria viruses, healthy ill subjects. Such analyses linked features microbiota/microbiome, such as reduced diversity or aberrant composition, intestinal illnesses infants disease states manifested at later stages life, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders. Thus, growing number reported on how composition/development may affect risk factors related adult conditions. This concept fueled strategies shape based functional food products. review, we describe microbiota, mechanisms drive its consortia molded natural artificial interventions. Finally, discuss relevance key players bifidobacteria, with respect their role disease.

Язык: Английский

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The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 26(0)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2015

The intestinal microbiota has become a relevant aspect of human health.Microbial colonization runs in parallel with immune system maturation and plays role physiology regulation.Increasing evidence on early microbial contact suggest that is seeded before birth.Maternal forms the first inoculum, from birth, diversity increases converges toward an adult-like by end 3Á5 years life.Perinatal factors such as mode delivery, diet, genetics, mucin glycosylation all contribute to influence colonization.Once established, composition gut relatively stable throughout adult life, but can be altered result bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgical, longterm change diet.Shifts this complex have been reported increase risk disease.Therefore, adequate establishment its maintenance life would reduce disease late life.This review discusses recent studies influencing process which impact health.

Язык: Английский

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Host Biology in Light of the Microbiome: Ten Principles of Holobionts and Hologenomes

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 13(8), С. e1002226 - e1002226

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2015

Groundbreaking research on the universality and diversity of microorganisms is now challenging life sciences to upgrade fundamental theories that once seemed untouchable. To fully appreciate change field undergoing, one has place epochs foundational principles Darwin, Mendel, modern synthesis in light current advances are enabling a new vision for central importance microbiology. Animals plants no longer heralded as autonomous entities but rather biomolecular networks composed host plus its associated microbes, i.e., "holobionts." As such, their collective genomes forge "hologenome," models animal plant biology do not account these intergenomic associations incomplete. Here, we integrate concepts into historical contemporary visions summarize predictive refutable framework evaluation. Specifically, present ten clarify append what not, explain how they both support extend existing theory sciences, discuss potential ramifications multifaceted approaches zoology botany. We anticipate conceptual evidence-based foundation provided this essay will serve roadmap hypothesis-driven, experimentally validated holobionts hologenomes, thereby catalyzing continued fusion biology's subdisciplines. At time when symbiotic microbes recognized all aspects biology, holobiont hologenome afford holistic view biological complexity consistent with generally reductionist biology.

Язык: Английский

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Control of Brain Development, Function, and Behavior by the Microbiome

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 17(5), С. 565 - 576

Опубликована: Май 1, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 20(9), С. 509 - 518

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2014

Язык: Английский

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A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2017

After more than a century of active research, the notion that human fetal environment is sterile and neonate's microbiome acquired during after birth was an accepted dogma. However, recent studies using molecular techniques suggest bacterial communities in placenta, amniotic fluid, meconium from healthy pregnancies. These findings have led many scientists to challenge "sterile womb paradigm" propose acquisition instead begins utero, idea would fundamentally change our understanding gut microbiota its role development. In this review, we provide critical assessment evidence supporting these two opposing hypotheses, specifically as it relates (i) anatomical, immunological, physiological characteristics placenta fetus; (ii) research methods currently used study microbial populations intrauterine environment; (iii) fecal first days life; (iv) generation axenic animals humans. Based on analysis, argue support "in utero colonization hypothesis" extremely weak founded almost entirely approaches with insufficient detection limit "low-biomass" populations, lacked appropriate controls for contamination, failed viability. Most importantly, ability reliably derive via cesarean sections strongly supports sterility mammals. We conclude current scientific does not existence microbiomes within milieu, which has implications development clinical practices prevent perturbations establishment future priorities.

Язык: Английский

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The infant microbiome development: mom matters

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 21(2), С. 109 - 117

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2014

Язык: Английский

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The Intestinal Microbiome in Early Life: Health and Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 5

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2014

Human microbial colonization begins at birth and continues to develop modulate in species abundance for about three years, until the microbiota becomes adult-like. During same time period, children experience significant developmental changes that influence their current health status as well immune system. An ever-expanding number of articles associate several diseases with early life imbalances gut microbiota, also referred dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis precedes plays a role disease pathogenesis, or simply originates from process itself is question beginning be answered few diseases, including IBD, obesity asthma. This review describes microbiome structure function during formative first years life, environmental factors determine its composition. It aims discuss recent advances understanding development immune-mediated, metabolic, neurological diseases. A greater how impacts our could potentially lead novel microbial-derived therapies target prevention an age.

Язык: Английский

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Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth

Nature, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 574(7776), С. 117 - 121

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract and its relation to uterine-related diseases

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2017

Reports on bacteria detected in maternal fluids during pregnancy are typically associated with adverse consequences, and whether the female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbial communities beyond vagina has been a matter of debate. Here we systematically sample microbiota within 110 women age, examine nature colonisation by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing cultivation. We find cervical canal, uterus, fallopian tubes peritoneal fluid, differing from that vagina. The results reflect continuum along tract, indicative non-sterile environment. also identify taxa potential functions correlate menstrual cycle or over-represented subjects adenomyosis infertility due to endometriosis. study provides insight into vagino-uterine microbiome, suggests surveying vaginal might be useful for detection common diseases upper tract.Whether microbiomes Here, authors show subject-specific continuity at six sites

Язык: Английский

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